scholarly journals Remote Microgrids for Energy Access in Indonesia—Part I: Scaling and Sustainability Challenges and A Technology Outlook

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6643
Author(s):  
Ilman Sulaeman ◽  
Desmon Petrus Simatupang ◽  
Brandon Kristiano Noya ◽  
Amalia Suryani ◽  
Niek Moonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
High Level

Although Indonesia’s electrification ratio reached 99.2% in 2020, it has shown stagnating electrification since 2018. This is because most of the remaining areas that need to be electrified are remote and have unique characteristics that hamper implementation of microgrids for providing energy access. Furthermore, not only the deployment but also the long-term sustainability of microgrids is crucial for ensuring continuity of energy access. This paper aims to investigate the scaling and sustainability challenges of remote microgrid development in Indonesia by analyzing microgrids in the Maluku and North Maluku provinces. This study is a two-part publication; the first part focuses on identifying challenges in Indonesia’s remote microgrid development, while the second part focuses on potential technology solutions. In the first part, an assessment of energy access within a multi-tier framework was conducted, which was then analyzed using a multi-dimensional (institutional, social, technical, economic, environmental, and policy) approach adapted from the literature. The framework was expanded by mapping the challenges onto specific phases of the microgrid development, which is intended to be helpful for the parties involved in specific phases. It is shown that the challenges related to unclear land status, lack of social engagement, preliminary survey, technical and practical knowledge, and O&M procedures—especially for remote microgrids with renewable energy sources—are the most prominent issues. Additionally, issues caused by electrical events and environmental conditions such as relatively humid and high-temperatures, and uncontrolled vegetation, rodents, insects, and lizards are often found. Furthermore, a high-level technological outlook to address some of these issues is presented.

Power Projects and Covid-19: A Practical Analysis of the Relevance of Force Majeure Clauses under the Standardised Power Purchase and Implementation Agreements of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Aisha Naiga ◽  
Loyola Rwabose Karobwa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Energy Justice

Over 90% of Uganda's power is generated from renewable sources. Standardised Implementation Agreements and Power Purchase Agreements create a long-term relationship between Generating Companies and the state-owned off-taker guaranteed by Government. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb the spread of the virus have triggered the scrutiny and application of force majeure (FM) clauses in these agreements. This article reviews the FM clauses and considers their relevance. The authors submit that FM clauses are a useful commercial tool for achieving energy justice by ensuring the continuity of the project, despite the dire effects of the pandemic. Proposals are made for practical considerations for a post-COVID-19 future which provides the continued pursuit of policy goals of promoting renewable energy sources and increasing access to clean energy, thus accelerating just energy transitions.

scholarly journals Influence of the Share of Renewable Energy Sources on the Level of Energy Security in EECCA Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Trifonov ◽  
Dmitry Trukhan ◽  
Yury Koshlich ◽  
Valeriy Prasolov ◽  
Beata Ślusarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Structural Content ◽  
High Degree

In this study we aimed to determine the extent to which changes in the share of renewable energy sources, their structural complex, and the level of energy security in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) countries in the medium- and long-term are interconnected. The study was performed through modeling and determination of the structural characteristics of energy security in the countries. The methodology of the approach to modeling was based on solving the problem of nonlinear optimization by selecting a certain scenario. For the study, the data of EECCA countries were used. The ability of EECCA countries to benefit from long-term indirect and induced advantages of the transformation period depends on the extent to which their domestic supply chains facilitate the deployment of energy transformation and induced economic activity. This study provides an opportunity to assess the degree of influence of renewable energy sources on the level of energy security of countries in the context of energy resource diversification. The high degree of influence of renewable energy sources on energy security in the EECCA countries has been proven in the implementation of the developed scenarios for its increase. Energy security is growing. At the same time, its level depends not only on an increase in the share of renewable sources but also on the structure of energy resources complex of countries, and the development of various renewable energy sources. Therefore, today the EECCA countries are forced not only to increase the share of renewable energy sources but also to attach strategic importance to the structural content of their energy complex.

scholarly journals Assessing the benefits of capacity payment, feed‐in‐tariff and time‐of‐use programme on long‐term renewable energy sources integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sadegh Javadi ◽  
Ali Esmaeel Nezhad ◽  
Miadreza Shafie‐khah ◽  
Pierluigi Siano ◽  
João P.S. Catalão
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Feed In Tariff

scholarly journals Regimes, management and economics of energy complexes on the basis of renewable energy sources for autonomous power supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 04023 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Elistratov ◽  
I. Kudryasheva
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Decentralized Power Supply

The article describes the principles of creation, management and economics of power complexes based on renewable energy sources for decentralized power supply. The introduction of energy complexes based on renewable energy sources can compete with the centralized power supply of the regions by increasing energy security and reducing the risks of major accidents and disasters. Long-term contracts for the electricity supply can be a reliable and economical insurance in case of rising fuel prices in the long term.

scholarly journals Carbon footprint of Russia: realities and prospects of economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
N. A. Kharitonova ◽  
E. N. Kharitonova ◽  
V. N. Pulyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Energy Sources

The article deals with the key aspects of the problem of determining the “carbon footprint” of industrial production. Rapidly increasing greenhouse gas emission within the past two centuries can cause irreversible changes in the Earth’s climate. Various manufacturing industries including “production and consumption of energy” create more than half of the “Earth’s carbon footprint”. The authors present a brief analytical overview of the “carbon footprint” problem in the context of solving a significant issue of global warming. They suggest references to current research and publications of Italian, Chinese and Spanish scientists. For example, Italian researchers proved that social innovations as well as transition to low-carbon technologies can be of good effect in reducing the “carbon footprint”. Chinese researchers (by analyzing 45-year-long data on the quantity of developed natural resources, energy consumption and population growth, “carbon footprint” and carbon dioxide emissions in the USA) proved that in the long-term perspective consumption of natural resources and renewable energy sources can improve the quality of the environment while population growth and consumption of non-renewable energy sources can contribute to its deterioration. Spanish researchers explored the connection between the “carbon footprint” and national peculiarities of people’s life. They listed the basic features of current energy transformation of the global economy (towards increasing the volume of renewable energy sources). The authors considered basic methods of regulating the “carbon footprint” of industrial production: by means of legal prohibition or improvement of pricing mechanism. They introduce the “Strategy of long-term development of Russia with low level of greenhouse gases till 2050”. The article contains information on reporting of greenhouse gas emissions in Russia.

Conversion of Electrical Power from Renewable Energy Sources

2010 ◽  
pp. 231-247
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Direct Generation ◽  
Oil Gas

Towards the end of the previous century, the humanity understood very clearly two facts – first, the World supplies of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas, uranium) are limited, and, second, industrial development and classical generation of electrical energy seriously endanger the environment. Renewable energy sources (sun energy, wind energy, bio fuels, etc.) are based on the use of natural fluxes of energy (Masters,2004). That is why they are considered to be inexhaustible. In specific cases of implementations, for example in lighting, a direct generation of electrical energy using photovoltaics is outlined as a long-term one.

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