scholarly journals Low-Cost Air-Cooling System Optimization on Battery Pack of Electric Vehicle

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7954
Author(s):  
Robby Dwianto Widyantara ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Naufal ◽  
Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro ◽  
Ignatius Pulung Nurprasetio ◽  
Farid Triawan ◽  
...  

Temperature management for battery packs installed in electric vehicles is crucial to ensure that the battery works properly. For lithium-ion battery cells, the optimal operating temperature is in the range of 25 to 40 °C with a maximum temperature difference among battery cells of 5 °C. This work aimed to optimize lithium-ion battery packing design for electric vehicles to meet the optimal operating temperature using an air-cooling system by modifying the number of cooling fans and the inlet air temperature. A numerical model of 74 V and 2.31 kWh battery packing was simulated using the lattice Boltzmann method. The results showed that the temperature difference between the battery cells decreased with the increasing number of cooling fans; likewise, the mean temperature inside the battery pack decreased with the decreasing inlet air temperature. The optimization showed that the configuration of three cooling fans with 25 °C inlet air temperature gave the best performance with low power required. Even though the maximum temperature difference was still 15 °C, the configuration kept all battery cells inside the optimum temperature range. This finding is helpful to develop a standardized battery packing module and for engineers in designing low-cost battery packing for electric vehicles.

Author(s):  
Xiangping Liao ◽  
Chong Ma ◽  
Xiongbin Peng ◽  
Akhil Garg ◽  
Nengsheng Bao

Electric vehicles have become a trend in recent years, and the lithium-ion battery pack provides them with high power and energy. The battery thermal system with air cooling was always used to prevent the high temperature of the battery pack to avoid cycle life reduction and safety issues of lithium-ion batteries. This work employed an easily applied optimization method to design a more efficient battery pack with lower temperature and more uniform temperature distribution. The proposed method consisted of four steps: the air-cooling system design, computational fluid dynamics code setups, selection of surrogate models, and optimization of the battery pack. The investigated battery pack contained eight prismatic cells, and the cells were discharged under normal driving conditions. It was shown that the optimized design performs a lower maximum temperature of 2.7 K reduction and a smaller temperature standard deviation of 0.3 K reduction than the original design. This methodology can also be implemented in industries where the battery pack contains more battery cells.


2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 02018
Author(s):  
Sungwook Jin ◽  
Min-Sik Youn ◽  
Youn-Jea Kim

Lithium-ion batteries have been used as energy storage technologies for electric vehicles or power plants due to their high energy density, low self-discharge rate, and long lifespan. Since the temperature of the batteries are directly related with their durability, distributing the temperature uniformly and efficiently is critically important. In this study, a technology using forced convection with air was implemented to remove heat of the battery cells inside a package. The performance of the cooling system was evaluated by changing the gap distance between the battery cells and the configurations of the air channel. In order to improve the cooling performance of the battery, the shape of the battery module was optimized. To begin the optimization process, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to analyze the influence of the design parameters on the battery performance. Based on the result from the analysis, an optimization process was performed to determine an optimum channel design. As a result of the optimization, a battery cell package with the lowest maximum temperature and a minimum deviation between the temperature in between each cell was selected.


Author(s):  
Kwang-Chu Kim ◽  
Man-Heung Park ◽  
Hag-Ki Youm ◽  
Sun-Ki Lee ◽  
Tae-Ryong Kim ◽  
...  

A numerical study is performed to estimate on an unsteady thermal stratification phenomenon in the Shutdown Cooling System (SCS) piping branched off the Reactor Coolant System (RCS) piping of Nuclear Power Plant. In the results, turbulent penetration reaches to the 1st isolation valve. At 500sec, the maximum temperature difference between top and bottom inner wall in piping is observed at the starting point of horizontal piping passing elbow. The temperature of coolant in the rear side of the 1st isolation valve disk is very slowly increased and the inflection point in temperature difference curve for time is observed at 2700sec. At the beginning of turbulent penetration from RCS piping, the fast inflow generates the higher temperature for the inner wall than the outer wall in the SCS piping. In the case the hot-leg injection piping and the drain piping are connected to the SCS piping, the effect of thermal stratification in the SCS piping is decreased due to an increase of heat loss compared with no connection case. The hot-leg injection piping affected by turbulent penetration from the SCS piping has a severe temperature difference that exceeds criterion temperature stated in reference. But the drain piping located in the rear compared with the hot-leg injection piping shows a tiny temperature difference. In a viewpoint of designer, for the purpose of decreasing the thermal stratification effect, it is necessary to increase the length of vertical piping in the SCS piping, and to move the position of the hot-leg injection piping backward.


2014 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Peng Xia ◽  
Chen Quan Zhou ◽  
Dan Shen ◽  
Hong Jun Ni ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
...  

The heating mechanism of the capacitor is researched, the air cooling structure is designed of the capacitors, the model of the cooling of the capacitors is established for the heating phenomenon occurs during the charging and discharging process for super capacitors in series of hybrid electric vehicle. The model of the cooling is simulated based on the software of Star CCM +. The results of experiment show that the maximum temperature difference is less than 5°C among the capacitors, which ensures the consistency of the capacitors working temperature and proves the capacitors work substantially well.


Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5563
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Yilun Xu ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Chenlong Si

The temperature difference between batteries has effects on the performance of the battery packs of electric vehicles (EVs). Therefore, it is necessary to design a battery cooling management system. In order to reduce the maximum temperature difference of the cooling system of the Formula Electric Vehicle (FEV) automobile, the orthogonal experimental design method was adopted in this paper, and the temperature field of the FEV air-cooled cooling system structure under a short-time high-current discharge condition was simulated for many times. The maximum temperature difference after simulating optimization was about 7 K, and the overall optimization degree was close to 40%. The research results showed that the gap between the single battery and the battery pack was very important to heat dissipation.


Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær

Lithium-ion batteries are being implemented in different large-scale applications, including aerospace and electric vehicles. For these utilizations, it is essential to improve battery cells with a great life cycle because a battery substitute is costly. For their implementation in real applications, lithium-ion battery cells undergo extension during the course of discharging and charging. To avoid disconnection among battery pack ingredients and deformity during cycling, compacting force is exerted to battery packs in electric vehicles. This research used a mechanical design feature that can address these issues. This investigation exhibits a comprehensive description of the experimental setup that can be used for battery testing under pressure to consider lithium-ion batteries’ safety, which could be employed in electrified transportation. Besides, this investigation strives to demonstrate how exterior force affects a lithium-ion battery cell’s performance and behavior corresponding to static exterior force by monitoring the applied pressure at the dissimilar state of charge. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used as the primary technique for this research. It was concluded that the profiles of the achieved spectrums from the experiments seem entirely dissimilar in comparison with the cases without external pressure. By employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, it was noticed that the pure ohmic resistance, which is related to ion transport resistance of the separator, could substantially result in the corresponding resistance increase.


Author(s):  
O.I. MARKOV

Numerical modelling thermal and thermoelectric processes in a branch of solid–state thermoelectric of Peltier cooler is performed, taking into account heat exchange by convection and radiation. The numerical calculation of the branch was carried out in the mode of the maximum temperature difference.


2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Li Hua Zhan ◽  
Hai Long Liao ◽  
Xue Ying Chen ◽  
Ming Hui Huang

The uniformity of temperature field distribution in creep aging process is very important to the forming accuracy of components. In this paper, the temperature field distribution of 2219 aluminum alloy tank cover during aging forming is simulated by using the finite element software FLUENT, and a two-stage heating process is proposed to reduce the temperature field distribution heterogeneity. The results show that the temperature difference of the tank cover is large in the single-stage heating process, and the maximum temperature difference is above 27°C,which seriously affects the forming accuracy of the tank cover. With two-stage heating process, the temperature difference in the first stage has almost no direct impact on the forming accuracy of the top cover. In the second stage, the temperature difference of the tank cover is controlled within 10°C, compared with the single-stage heating, the maximum temperature difference is reduced by more than 17°C. The two-stage heating effectively reduces the heterogeneity of the temperature field of the top cover. The research provides technical support for the precise thermal mechanical coupling of large-scale creep aging forming components.


Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Van-Thanh Ho ◽  
Kyoungsik Chang ◽  
Sang Wook Lee ◽  
Sung Han Kim

This paper presents a three-dimensional modeling approach to simulate the thermal performance of a Li-ion battery module for a new urban car. A single-battery cell and a 52.3 Ah Li-ion battery module were considered, and a Newman, Tiedemann, Gu, and Kim (NTGK) model was adopted for the electrochemical modeling based on input parameters from the discharge experiment. A thermal–electrochemical coupled method was established to provide insight into the temperature variations over time under various discharge conditions. The distribution temperature of a single-battery cell was predicted accurately. Additionally, in a 5C discharge condition without a cooling system, the temperature of the battery module reached 114 °C, and the temperature difference increased to 25 °C under a 5C discharging condition. This condition led to the activation of thermal runaway and the possibility of an explosion. However, the application of a reasonable fan circulation and position reduced the maximum temperature to 49.7 °C under the 5C discharge condition. Moreover, accurate prediction of the temperature difference between cell areas during operation allowed for a clear understanding and design of an appropriate fan system.


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