scholarly journals Electricity Generation from Low and Medium Temperature Industrial Excess Heat in the Kraft Pulp and Paper Industry

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8499
Author(s):  
Igor Cruz ◽  
Magnus Wallén ◽  
Elin Svensson ◽  
Simon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Heat Temperature ◽  
Excess Heat ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Temperature Excess

The recovery and utilisation of industrial excess heat has been identified as an important contribution for energy efficiency by reducing primary energy demand. Previous works, based on top-down studies for a few sectors, or regional case studies estimated the overall availability of industrial excess heat. A more detailed analysis is required to allow the estimation of potentials for specific heat recovery technologies, particularly regarding excess heat temperature profiles. This work combines process integration methods and regression analysis to obtain cogeneration targets, detailed excess heat temperature profiles and estimations of electricity generation potentials from low and medium temperature excess heat. The work is based on the use of excess heat temperature (XHT) signatures for individual sites and regression analysis using publicly available data, obtaining estimations of the technical potential for electricity generation from low and medium temperature excess heat (60–140 °C) for the whole Swedish kraft pulp and paper industry. The results show a technical potential to increase the electricity production at kraft mills in Sweden by 10 to 13%, depending on the level of process integration considered, and a lower availability of excess heat than previously estimated in studies for the sector. The approach used could be adapted and applied in other sectors and regions, increasing the level of detail at which industrial excess heat estimations are obtained when compared to previous studies.

Excess heat from kraft pulp mills: Trade-offs between internal and external use in the case of Sweden—Part 1: Methodology

Energy Policy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 4178-4185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger-Lise Svensson ◽  
Johanna Jönsson ◽  
Thore Berntsson ◽  
Bahram Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Excess Heat ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mills

scholarly journals Acute ecotoxicity on Daphnia magna to evaluate effluent samples of Kraft pulp mill treated by UV/H2O2 process

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joicy Micheletto ◽  
Naiara Mariana Fiori Monteiro Sampaio ◽  
Henrique Zavattieri Ruiz ◽  
Lucia Regina Rocha Martins ◽  
Marcus Vinicius de Liz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Ph Variation ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
Oxidant Concentration ◽  
Apparent Color

The pulp and paper industry is one of world’s largest water consumers, generating high volumes of effluents. The Kraft process produces effluents with high BOD, COD, suspended solids, lignin and a myriad of potentially toxic compounds, which require treatment before discharge into the aquatic environment. Advanced oxidation processes, such as UV/H2O2, have been applied as treatment alternatives because they can destroy many compounds before they mineralize. However, when the oxidation process is incomplete, occurs could be produced by products with high toxicity. This study evaluated the acute toxicity on Daphnia magna of two effluent samples of Kraft pulp mill (KE1 and KE2) treated by UV/H2O2 process. The effects of the pH variation and oxidant concentration on the removal of DOC, total UV-vis spectral area and apparent color were considered to adjust the experiments’ conditions with diluted effluent KE1. Both samples were treated at pH 4.0 and 70 mg L-1 of H2O2 for 40 min, achieving removals of up to 69.4% in apparent color, 73.7% of phenolic compounds and 68.9% of lignin compounds. When the reaction was applied in undiluted effluent samples, the acute toxicity for Daphnia magna decreased for KE1 after 780 min of treatment, whereas KE2 became four times more toxic. The data showed that although the treatment had been efficient considering physics and chemicals parameters, it is necessary follow the oxidative processes with ecotoxicological bioassays to guarantee their safety, since different effluents of the Kraft pulp mill could present different levels of organic compound mineralization.

Conceptual Design and Numerical Modeling of Prototype Counterflow Cooling Tower With Forced Draft for Geothermal Applications

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar J. González Pedraza ◽  
J. Jesús Pacheco Ibarra ◽  
Carlos Rubio Maya ◽  
Sergio R. Galván González
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Energy Methods ◽  
Forced Draft ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Cooling towers are widely used in temperature control in industrial processes and electricity generation processes by conventional and renewable energy methods. In this paper, it is presented an integral design of a counterflow cooling tower with forced draft for geothermal applications. The conceptual design was done in SolidWorks® software and the numerical simulation of the fluid through the tower was performed in Fluent® software. In the conceptual design were made both structural and tower elements design of the counterflow tower with forced draft. Besides, it was designed a self-drive sprinkler which distributes the water flow to be cooled inside the tower. In the mathematical model the velocity and temperature profiles were analyzed under different turbulence models that allow to increase their accuracy, as a result of this, it was able to calculate the heat transfer in the boundary layer between the walls packing and circulating air inside the tower. As a consequence could be estimate the coefficient of convective heat transfer.

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