scholarly journals A Calibration of the Solar Load Ratio Method to Determine the Heat Gain in PV-Trombe Walls

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Roberto Bruno ◽  
Piero Bevilacqua ◽  
Daniela Cirone ◽  
Stefania Perrella ◽  
Antonino Rollo
Keyword(s):  
Dimensionless Parameter ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Passive System ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Trombe Wall ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Energy Gains

The Trombe wall is a passive system used in buildings that indirectly transfers thermal energy to the adjacent environment by radiation and convection, and directly by the thermo-circulation that arises in the air cavity delimited between a transparent and an absorbing surface. Nevertheless, the latter is painted black to increase the energy gains, but this produces a negative visual impact and promotes the overheating risk in summer. To mitigate these aspects, a hybrid Trombe wall equipped with PV panels can be employed. The PV installation results in a more pleasing wall appearance and the overheating risk reduces because part of the absorbed solar radiation is transformed into electricity. To determine the actual performance of a such system, transient simulation tools are required to consider properly the wall thermal storage features, variation of the optical properties, air thermo-circulation, and PV power production. Alternatively, regarding the traditional Trombe wall, the literature provides a simplified empirical method based on the dimensionless parameter solar load ratio (SLR) that allows for preliminary evaluations and design. In this paper, the SLR method was calibrated to determine the monthly auxiliary energy to be supplied in buildings equipped with PV-Trombe walls in heating applications. The SLR method was tuned by a multiple linear regression by data provided by TRNSYS simulation that allowed to obtain the energy performances in actual conditions of PV-Trombe walls installed on the same building but located in different localities. The comparison between the TRNSYS results and the calibrated SLR method determined average errors ranging between 0.7% and 1.4%, demonstrating the validity of the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals Managing energy performance in buildings from design to operation using modelling and calibration

2021 ◽  
pp. 014362442110083
Author(s):  
Nishesh Jain ◽  
Esfand Burman ◽  
Dejan Mumovic ◽  
Mike Davies
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Calibration Protocol ◽  
Covering Design

To manage the concerns regarding the energy performance gap in buildings, a structured and longitudinal performance assessment of buildings, covering design through to operation, is necessary. Modelling can form an integral part of this process by ensuring that a good practice design stage modelling is followed by an ongoing evaluation of operational stage performance using a robust calibration protocol. In this paper, we demonstrate, via a case study of an office building, how a good practice design stage model can be fine-tuned for operational stage using a new framework that helps validate the causes for deviations of actual performance from design intents. This paper maps the modelling based process of tracking building performance from design to operation, identifying the various types of performance gaps. Further, during the operational stage, the framework provides a systematic way to separate the effect of (i) operating conditions that are driven by the building’s actual function and occupancy as compared with the design assumptions, and (ii) the effect of potential technical issues that cause underperformance. As the identification of issues is based on energy modelling, the process requires use of advanced and well-documented simulation tools. The paper concludes with providing an outline of the software platform requirements needed to generate robust design models and their calibration for operational performance assessments. Practical application The paper’s findings are a useful guide for building industry professionals to manage the performance gap with appropriate accuracy through a robust methodology in an easy to use workflow. The methodological framework to analyse building energy performance in-use links best practice design stage modelling guidance with a robust operational stage investigation. It helps designers, contractors, building managers and other stakeholders with an understanding of procedures to follow to undertake an effective measurement and verification exercise.

Network Simulation Tools for Supporting Teaching in Computer Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Ying Zhu ◽  
Gerald Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Computer Networks ◽  
Network Simulation ◽  
Computer Networking ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Virtual Computer ◽  
Network Administrators ◽  
Interactive Feedback ◽  
Different Levels

Computer networks have evolved dramatically in recent years and consequently qualified and experienced network administrators are highly sought after, which in turn has led to the development of specialised computer networking courses at many universities. In this chapter, the authors investigate the use of network simulation tools as an alternative to be employed in computer networking laboratories. Network simulation tools provide students with the opportunity to freely experiment with virtual computer networks and equipment without the expensive costs associated with real networking hardware. The results of their research show that students appreciate the use of network simulators and see them as an effective approach to learning computer networking concepts and gaining the relevant experience. This was also confirmed by the actual performance of students who experienced different levels of exposure to networks simulators during their studies. The authors furthermore investigate the use of interactive, electronically assessed lab sessions, where students get immediate and interactive feedback while they are going through lab exercises. Their research shows that this approach not only releases the lecturer from less demanding students to better support weaker students, but that this will also lead to improved student performance and better student retention.

scholarly journals Passive Cooling Load Ratio method

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana I.F. Nunes ◽  
Marta J.N. Oliveira Panão
Keyword(s):  
Load Ratio ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Cooling Load

Calculation of the Crack Length for a Pipe Specimen using the Modified Load Ratio Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1375-1382
Author(s):  
Jung-Hun Choi ◽  
Yong Huh ◽  
Jae-Mean Koo ◽  
Chang-Sung Seok ◽  
Jae-Sil Park
Keyword(s):  
Crack Length ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Ratio Method

scholarly journals Fracture Formation Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structure Using Acoustic Emission Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alireza Panjsetooni ◽  
Norazura Muhamad Bunnori ◽  
Amir Hossein Vakili ◽  
Zohreh Shirkhani ◽  
Zeinab Shirkhani
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Structure ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Remaining Service Life ◽  
Fracture Formation ◽  
Viable Method

Acoustic emission (AE) is an important nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique used in the field of structural engineering for both case local and global monitoring. In this study AE technique with a new approach was employed to investigate the process of fracture formation in reinforced concrete structure. A number of reinforced concrete (RC) one story frames were tested under loading cycle and were simultaneously monitored using AE. The AE test data was analyzed using the relaxation ratio and calm and load ratio method. Also, the relaxation ratio was dominated with approaching load to 58% of the ultimate load. In addition three levels of damage using calm and load ratio were distinguished. The trend of relaxation ratio and calm and load ratio method during loading and unloading showed that these methods are strongly sensitive with cracks growth in RC frame specimens and were able to indicate the levels of damage. Also, results showed that AE can be considered as a viable method to predict the remaining service life of reinforced concrete. In addition, with respect to the results obtained from relaxation ratio and, load and calm ratio indicated, a new chart is proposed.

scholarly journals Practice-Oriented Training in Higher Education Institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-683
Author(s):  
El’vira V. Zautorova ◽  
Elena V. Bodrova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Higher Education Organizations

Introduction: the article considers issues related to the training of students at higher education organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The type of training under consideration involves the use of simulation training tools to form and develop specific professional skills and qualities, enhance the practical orientation of training, and help students acquire and use practical skills. Aim: to show the prospects for building a practice-oriented model for educational process on the basis of generalization of the experience of using simulation tools in the process of training students at higher education institutions of FSIN Russia. Methods: theoretical analysis of literature and normative legal acts on the problem under consideration; synthesis and generalization; comparative legal method, empirical method, description, interpretation. Results: the analysis of the use of simulation tools in the training of students at higher education organizations of FSIN Russia contributes to the formation of universal, professional and special competencies required for the service in the departments of institutions and bodies of the penal system. Conclusions: the use of training grounds, training workplaces, training work routes, with the use of AR and VR technologies as well, will allow students to form a clear algorithm of actions when performing official duties, and teaching staff of higher education organizations of FSIN Russia – to create situations as close as possible to reality and to the conditions of correctional institutions. A practice-oriented approach to training contributes to high-quality training and optimizes professional adaptation of young officers to the service in the penal system.

Univariate Throughput Forecasting Models on Container Terminal Equipment Planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Yong Chung Ee ◽  
Abd Saman Abd Kader ◽  
Zamani Ahmad ◽  
Loke Keng Beng
Keyword(s):  
Time Horizon ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Planning Time ◽  
Optimum Operation ◽  
Forecasting Models ◽  
Terminal Equipment

Planning of Container Terminal equipment has always been uncertain due to seasonal and fluctuating throughput demand, along with factors of delay in operation, breakdown and maintenance. Many time-series models have been developed to forecast the unforeseen future of container throughput to project the needed amount of port equipments for optimum operation. Conventionally, a "ratio" method developed by port consultants at early port design stage is adopted for equipment planning, giving no consideration to the dynamic growth of the port in terms of improved layout and technological advancement in equipments. This study seeks first to enhance the empirical approach of the equipment planning at the end of planning time horizon by including assumed coefficient of port capacity parameters. The second is to compare the size of equipment purchase by receiving different terminal's future throughput demand from two univariate forecasting models at planning time horizon. The empirical method of equipment planning will be tested against the conventional yard equipment per quay crane ratio after deriving the throughput demand from forecasting models of Holt-Winter's exponential smoothing and seasonal ARIMA (autoregression integrated moving average) model. Results in the form of graphs and tables indicate similar forecasting pattern by two models and equipment estimation proofs to avail more redundancy for optimum operation. Suggestions for better estimation of equipments are also made for future models.

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