scholarly journals A Recent and Systematic Review on Water Extraction from the Atmosphere for Arid Zones

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Yinyin Wang ◽  
Suad Hassan Danook ◽  
Hussein A.Z. AL-bonsrulah ◽  
Dhinakaran Veeman ◽  
Fuzhang Wang

Water is essential for food security, industrial output, ecological sustainability, and a country’s socioeconomic progress. Water scarcity and environmental concerns have increased globally in recent years as a result of the ever-increasing population, rapid industrialization and urbanization, and poor water resource management. Even though there are sufficient water resources, their uneven circulation leads to shortages and the requirement for portable fresh water. More than two billion people live in water-stressed areas. Hence, the present study covers all of the research based on water extraction from atmospheric air, including theoretical and practical (different experimental methods) research. A comparison between different results is made. The calculated efficiency of the systems used to extract water from atmospheric air by simulating the governing equations is discussed. The effects of different limitations, which affect and enhance the collectors’ efficiency, are studied. This research article will be very useful to society and will support further research on the extraction of water in arid zones.

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Li ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Liangyan Yang ◽  
Huping Ye

AbstractSri Lanka is an important hub connecting Asia-Africa-Europe maritime routes. It receives abundant but uneven spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall and has evident seasonal water shortages. Monitoring water area changes in inland lakes and reservoirs plays an important role in guiding the development and utilisation of water resources. In this study, a rapid surface water extraction model based on the Google Earth Engine remote sensing cloud computing platform was constructed. By evaluating the optimal spectral water index method, the spatiotemporal variations of reservoirs and inland lakes in Sri Lanka were analysed. The results showed that Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEIsh) could accurately identify the water boundary with an overall accuracy of 99.14%, which was suitable for surface water extraction in Sri Lanka. The area of the Maduru Oya Reservoir showed an overall increasing trend based on small fluctuations from 1988 to 2018, and the monthly area of the reservoir fluctuated significantly in 2017. Thus, water resource management in the dry zone should focus more on seasonal regulation and control. From 1995 to 2015, the number and area of lakes and reservoirs in Sri Lanka increased to different degrees, mainly concentrated in arid provinces including Northern, North Central, and Western Provinces. Overall, the amount of surface water resources have increased.


Author(s):  
Gerardo Hernández-Flores ◽  
Martha Angélica Gutiérrez-Aguirre ◽  
Adrián Cervantes-Martínez ◽  
Ana Elizabeth Marín-Celestino

On Cozumel Island, access to freshwater depends on the extraction of the resource from the aquifer located north of the island (catchment area). Water resource management on the island must be based on updated knowledge of the indicator dynamics related to the recharge of the aquifer, groundwater extraction and the distribution of the resource. In this study, trends, variations and time series of 30 years of monthly data for precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and estimated aquifer recharge were calculated for the catchment area. Additionally, groundwater extraction, water consumption for the main uses over a 13-year period (monthly data), and the 5-year status of wells were considered. The results show decreasing trends in precipitation and estimated recharge volumes in the catchment area, in addition to increasing trends in mean air temperature, evapotranspiration, water extraction volumes and consumption by the commercial sector for the considered time periods. Additionally, an increase in dejected (77%) and reposed (38%) wells within the catchment area was observed. Evidence from this study suggests a dynamic behaviour of the analysed indicators over time that increases pressure on karstic, Caribbean aquifers for which monthly monitoring and data analysis are encouraged as the basis for adequate management.


Eco Feminist Literature has successfully addressed many ecological and environmental concerns in relation to the exploitation of women in various forms. It has been long that the relationship between the ecology and literature is established with the wide range of literary works having its base on environment and its issues. Women Autobiographies are a form of literature that are used by women writers to express their feelings of themselves in the forms of Memoirs .In certain cases people living in certain geographical regions are captivated by their staunch religious practices which plays an adverse role in preserving the ecological balance. Therefore this paper is an attempt to portray the extremism that exists in the Swat valley and how women autobiographies can contribute to the maintaining the eco system.


Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nemati ◽  
Seyed Hossein Ghoreishi Najafabadi ◽  
Gholamreza Joodaki ◽  
S. Saeid Mousavi Nadoushani

Drought monitoring needs comprehensive and integrated meteorological and hydrologic data. However, such data are generally not available in extensive catchments. The present study aimed to analyze drought in the central plateau catchment of Iran using the terrestrial water storage deficit index (TSDI). In this arid catchment, the meteorological and hydrologic observed data are scarce. First, the time series of terrestrial water storage changes (TWSC) obtained from the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) was calculated and validated by the water budget output. Then, the studied area was divided into semi-arid, arid, and hyper-arid zones and the common drought indices of SPI and RDIe within a timescale of 3, 6, and 12 months were calculated to compare the results obtained from the TSDI by using the meteorological data of 105 synoptic stations. Based on the results, the study area experienced a drought with extreme severity and expansion during 2007–2008. The drought spatial distribution map obtained from three indices indicated good conformity. Based on the maps, the severity, duration, and frequency of drought in the semi-arid zone were greater than that in other zones, while no significant drought occurred in the hyper-arid zone. Furthermore, the temporal distribution of drought in all three zones indicated that the TSDI could detect all short- and long-term droughts. The study results showed that the TSDI is a reliable, integrated, and comprehensive index. Using this index in arid areas with little field data led to some valuable results for planning and water resource management.


2020 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
pp. 119842
Author(s):  
Huizhong Zhao ◽  
Min Lei ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Tianhou Huang ◽  
Min Zhang

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (Spec. issue 2) ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Yu-Ming Chu ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Asjad ◽  
Dumitru Baleanu

In this research article, the constant proportional Caputo approach of fractional derivative is applied to derive the generalized thermal and molecular profiles for flow of second grade fluid over a vertical plate. The governing equations of the prescribed flow model are reduced to dimensionless form and then solved for temperature, concentration, and velocity via Laplace transform. Further graphs of field variables are sketched for parameter of interest. Comparison between present result and the existing results is also presented graphically.


Author(s):  
Laura K. McKemmish ◽  
Rebecca L Coates ◽  
Frazina S Botelho ◽  
Harriet L Robertson ◽  
Gavin W Leong

This is a research article supported by a video. To read the article, please click on the pdf, to play the video, click on the link at the bottom of this page.Physics students today need to learn about being a scientist, not just about science. They need to be exposed to, consider, discuss and debate the complex social and professional issues that go along with being a working scientist in the twenty-first century. The traditional physics training structure of lectures, laboratory sessions and problem-solving-focused workshops and/or tutorials does not allow this training to occur in any formal way. In this paper, we describe and analyse a new discussion-class format, based upon YouTube videos and similar in spirit to the tutorials so prevalent in the humanities. This format was extremely successful in stimulating a lively and thoughtful discussion between students on oft-neglected issues such as gender representation in physics and trust in experts. Students actively thought about these issues, articulated their viewpoints, considered the viewpoints of others and debated the issues.Here, we analyse transcriptions of the discussion groups and observations from the classes to explore the reasons for the success of this model and how it can be expanded to encourage physicists to explore and develop their own views on the range of social and professional challenges they are likely to experience as working physicists, including environmental concerns, the relationship between media and science and even the influence on science of Brexit. We use a novel multimedia format here to present the results of this research, including both a traditional written report which incorporates analysis of the discussion group sessions themselves and a video presentation.


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