scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Earthworm Coelomic Fluid Obtained from Eisenia andrei, Dendrobaena veneta and Allolobophora chlorotica on Six Species of Phytopathogenic Fungi

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Sandra Ečimović ◽  
Karolina Vrandečić ◽  
Martina Kujavec ◽  
Martina Žulj ◽  
Jasenka Ćosić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Eisenia Andrei ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Allolobophora Chlorotica

The functioning of soil ecosystems greatly depends on the interactions occurring between soil biota communities. It is well known that earthworms are an important soil component that substantially affects its function, including their meaningful impact on the development of different phytopathogenic soil fungi. Phytopathogenic fungi are responsible for crop disease and cause great economic damage. It has previously been established that earthworms’ coelomic fluid can suppress the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, but the exact molecular mechanism is unknown. The present study aimed at broadening the proof of this observed phenomenon by investigating the effects of the coelomic fluid extract of three different earthworm species (Eisenia andrei, Dendrobaena veneta and Allolobophora chlorotica) on the growth of six different phytopathogenic fungi species (Berkeleyomyces basicola, Fusarium culmorum, Globisporangium irregulare, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). Coelomic fluid extract was obtained by electrostimulation or usage of extraction buffer (only in case of A. chlorotica) and prepared in three different concentrations by diluting the obtained coelomic fluid with physiological saline. The coelomic fluid extract of the three investigated earthworm species had an inhibitory effect on the growth of all six phytopathogenic fungi species. The greatest inhibitory effect was achieved with the E. andrei coelomic fluid extract reducing the growth of R. solani fungi. The findings of this research confirm the antifungal activity of coelomic fluid obtained from earthworm species belonging to different ecological categories and may be of potential use in crop protection against phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Antifungal Activity and Structure-Activity Relationships of Vanillin Oxime-N-O-Alkanoates

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Ahluwalia ◽  
Nandini Garg ◽  
Birendra Kumar ◽  
Suresh Walia ◽  
Om P. Sati
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Acyl Chlorides ◽  
Acyl Chain Length

Vanillin oxime- N-O-alkanoates were synthesized following reaction of vanillin with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, followed by reaction of the resultant oxime with acyl chlorides. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The test compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against three phytopathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii by the poisoned food technique. The moderate antifungal activity of vanillin was slightly increased following its conversion to vanillin oxime, but significantly increased after conversion of the oxime to oxime- N-O-alkanoates. While vanillin oxime- N-O-dodecanoate with an EC50 value 73.1 μg/mL was most active against M. phaseolina, vanillin oxime- N-O-nonanoate with EC50 of value 66.7 μg/mL was most active against R. solani. The activity increased with increases in the acyl chain length and was maximal with an acyl chain length of nine carbons.

Antifungal Activity of Oosporein from an Antagonistic Fungus against Phytophthora infestans

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 302-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinori Nagaoka ◽  
Kengo Nakata ◽  
Kenji Kouno
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antifungal Metabolite ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibitory

An antifungal metabolite, oosporein, was isolated from the culture of Verticillium psalliotae that produced the antagonistic effects on Phytophthora infestans. Oosporein exhibited a significant growth-inhibitory effect on P. infestans in comparison with other phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Growth Inhibition of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes by Basidiomycete Irpex lacteus and Identification of its Antimicrobial Extracellular Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
DAISY PINEDA-SUAZO ◽  
JOSAPHAT MIGUEL MONTERO-VARGAS ◽  
JOSÉ JUAN ORDAZ-ORTIZ ◽  
GERARDO VÁZQUEZ-MARRUFO
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Irpex Lacteus ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Extracellular Metabolites ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

In dual culture confrontation assays, basidiomycete Irpex lacteus efficiently antagonized Fusarium spp., Colletotrichum spp., and Phytophthora spp. phytopathogenic strains, with growth inhibition percentages between 16.7–46.3%. Antibiosis assays evaluating the inhibitory effect of soluble extracellular metabolites indicated I. lacteus strain inhibited phytopathogens growth between 32.0–86.7%. Metabolites in the extracellular broth filtrate, identified by UPLC-QTOF mass spectrometer, included nine terpenes, two aldehydes, and derivatives ofa polyketide, a quinazoline, and a xanthone, several of which had antifungal activity. I. lacteus strain and its extracellular metabolites might be valuable tools for phytopathogenic fungi and oomycete biocontrol of agricultural relevance.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of macrofungi extracts on phytopathogenic fungal strains of genera Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp.

2017 ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Spremo ◽  
Kristina Tesanovic ◽  
Milana Rakic ◽  
Ljiljana Janjusevic ◽  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Etoh Extract ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp

During the last decades, intensive application of synthetic fungicides in the agricultural crop protection practice caused growing concern for the existence of toxic chemical residues in food as well as in the whole environment. Instead of using synthetic fungicides, it is suggested that crop protection be carried out by using preparations based on compounds of natural origin (secondary metabolites of plants or microorganisms, including macrofungi from Basidiomycota) as biological control agents. The potential of macrofungal species as biocontrol agents was analyzed in this investigation of eight autochthonous species from different locations in Serbia. Both the terricolous species: Coprinus comatus, Coprinellus truncorum, Amanita strobiliformis, Hydnum repandum and the lignicolous species: Flammulina velutipes, Stereum subtomentosum, Trametes versicolor and Bjerkandera adusta were examined, with an aim to detect some novel sources of antifungal agents. This study surveyed antifungal activity of selected macrofungal extracts (MeOH, EtOH and CHCl3) against phytopathogenic Fusarium and Alternaria strains isolated from garlic, soybean and rice: F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. graminearum and A. padwickii. Microdilution method in 96 well microplates was applied for the estimation of antifungal effects of macrofungi extracts in the range from 24.75 to 198.00 mg/ml and determination of minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). EtOH extract of mychorhizal species H. repandum showed antifungal activity against all analyzed phytopathogenic strains, with the strongest effect on Fusarium strains (MIC 24.75 mg/ml; MFC 24.75 mg/ml). Among others, MeOH extracts of S. subtomentosum and C. micaceus showed similar effects while only B. adusta showed slight effect on Fusarium strains (MIC 24.75-99.00 mg/ml; MFC 24.75-99.00 mg/ml) and none effect on A. padwickii. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using examined extracts as efficient antifungal agents and provide the basis for the new formulations of biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic fungi in the future.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Citrus aurantifolia Linn Plant Extracts against Phytopathogenic Fungi Macrophomina phaseolina

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aqueous extracts of leaf of Citrus aurantifolia L were assessed in vitro for inhibitory activity against Macrophominaphaseolina isolated from dry root rot specimens of Gingelly. The antifungal activity was determined by poison food technique. The extracts have shown dose dependent inhibition of mycelial growth of test fungi. The extracts were more effective in inhibiting Macrophominaphaseolina. The extracts of Citrus aurantifolia were found effective against Gingelly dry root rot pathogens. Further field experiments are to be carried out to recommend the extracts against the disease.

scholarly journals Characterization of the antifungal activity of three rhizobacterial strains against Rhizoctonia solani

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e1011
Author(s):  
Deisy Y. Pineda-Mendoza ◽  
Apolinar González-Mancilla ◽  
Juan J. Almaraz ◽  
María P. Rodríguez-Guzmán ◽  
Oscar García-Barradas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Fungal Inhibition ◽  
The One

 In this study, three rhizobacterial strains were characterized by their ability to inhibit Rhizoctonia solani and tested in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings. Strains A46 and P61 were identified as Pseudomonas tolaasii, and S108 as Rhanella aquatilis. In the dual culture tests, all the strains inhibited the radial growth of R. solani. None of the three strains produced chitinases or volatile compounds, but they were found to produce siderophores. However, this last characteristic was not responsible for the rhizobacterial inhibitory effect on the growth of R. solani, other bacterial metabolites were possibly involved. The bacterial filtrates added to the potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) in a 3:7 ratio had significant antifungal activity, being the filtrate from strain S108 the one that showed the highest effect, with 56% fungal inhibition. The co-culture of strain A46 with the phytopathogenic fungi in potato dextrose broth (PDB) increased the antifungal activity of the rhizobacterial filtrate. The application of the rhizobacterial strains to Serrano chili decreased the R. solani-related mortality rate in seedlings; particularly, S108 had the greatest effect, which was similar to the fungicide effect. This study showed that the S108 strain has potential as a biofungicide to control R. solani in chili seedlings.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Chemical Constituents from Piper pesaresanum C. DC. and Derivatives against Phytopathogen Fungi of Cocoa

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3256
Author(s):  
Luis C. Chitiva-Chitiva ◽  
Cristóbal Ladino-Vargas ◽  
Luis E. Cuca-Suárez ◽  
Juliet A. Prieto-Rodríguez ◽  
Oscar J. Patiño-Ladino
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽  
First Time

In this study, the antifungal potential of chemical constituents from Piper pesaresanum and some synthesized derivatives was determined against three phytopathogenic fungi associated with the cocoa crop. The methodology included the phytochemical study on the aerial part of P. pesaresanum, the synthesis of some derivatives and the evaluation of the antifungal activity against the fungi Moniliophthora roreri, Fusarium solani and Phytophthora sp. The chemical study allowed the isolation of three benzoic acid derivatives (1–3), one dihydrochalcone (4) and a mixture of sterols (5–7). Seven derivatives (8–14) were synthesized from the main constituents, of which compounds 9, 10, 12 and 14 are reported for the first time. Benzoic acid derivatives showed strong antifungal activity against M. roreri, of which 11 (3.0 ± 0.8 µM) was the most active compound with an IC50 lower compared with positive control Mancozeb® (4.9 ± 0.4 µM). Dihydrochalcones and acid derivatives were active against F. solani and Phytophthora sp., of which 3 (32.5 ± 3.3 µM) and 4 (26.7 ± 5.3 µM) were the most active compounds, respectively. The preliminary structure–activity relationship allowed us to establish that prenylated chains and the carboxyl group are important in the antifungal activity of benzoic acid derivatives. Likewise, a positive influence of the carbonyl group on the antifungal activity for dihydrochalcones was deduced.

scholarly journals Protective Antifungal Activity of Plantago major Extract Against the Phytopathogenic Fungi Phytophthora cinnamomi, Diplodia corticola and Colletotrichum Species

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Cláudia Ferreira ◽  
Rui Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Plantago Major

Synthetic fungicides for crops protection raise environmental and human concerns due to accumulation in edible vegetables, showing significant toxicity to humans, and in soil, groundwater and rivers, affecting ecological balance. In addition, they are prone to the development of resistant strains because of the single target-based mechanism of action. Plant extracts provide attractive alternatives, as they constitute a rich source of biodegradable secondary metabolites, such as phenols, flavonoids and saponins, which have multiple modes of antifungal action and a lower probability of the development of resistant fungi. This work has the objective of identifying plant extracts with antifungal activity, aiming to contribute to food safety and sustainable agricultural practices. We selected a saponin-containing plant, Plantago major, and extracted secondary metabolites with 50% (v/v) ethanol, dried by evaporation, and dissolved in water. For antifungal activity, the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum godetiae, Colletotrichum nymphaeae, Diplodia corticola and Phytophthora cinnamomi were selected because they affect fruits and vegetables, such as strawberry, almond, apple, avocado, blueberry and chestnut trees. The aqueous extract was incorporated into PDA medium at different concentrations and mycelial discs were placed in the center of each Petri dish. Growth was measured as the radial mycelial growth at 3, 6, and 9 days incubation at 25 °C in the dark. The maximum growth inhibition (32.2%) was obtained against P. cinnamomi with 2000 µg/mL extract followed by C. gloeosporioides (25.7%) on the sixth day and by C. godetiae and C. nymphaeae (21.1%) on the ninth day. Results show that P. major presents antifungal activity in all phytopathogenic fungi tested and the extract can be used to protect important crops, by inhibiting the development of fungal infections and promoting food security and a sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Activity of Alkanediol Alkanoates against Pathogenic Plant Fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraj Shukla ◽  
Suresh Walia ◽  
Vivek Ahluwalia ◽  
Balraj S. Parmar ◽  
Muraleedharan G. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acyl Chlorides ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Dose Dependent

Thirty known dialkanoates of ethylene, propylene and diethylene glycols were synthesized by reacting the glycols with acyl chlorides and their structures confirmed by IR, NMR and mass spectral analyses. They exhibited significant antifungal activity against two phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc in a dose dependent manner. Propylene glycol dipentanoate was the most active against R. solani. followed by diethylene glycol dibutanoate and ethylene glycol dibutanoate. Against S. rolfsii ethylene glycol diheptanoate was found to be most active followed by diethylene glycol diisobutanoate As compared to the standard reference benomyl (EC50 5.16 μg/mL), the potential alkanediol dialkanoates showed EC50 in the range of 33 – 60 μg/mL.

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