scholarly journals Use of Post-Extraction Fir Wood Greenery Residues by the Bioconversion Method with the Production of Feed Additives

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Olga O. Mamaeva ◽  
Elena V. Isaeva

The effectiveness of forest resources depends on the comprehensiveness and rationality of their consumption and processing into finished products. This article discusses the problem of using solid fir wood greenery residues generated during the industrial production of essential oils. Bioconversion is considered to be the most promising use. The objective of this research was to study the chemical composition of bioconversion products of fir wood greenery-based substrates. The РР-3.2 strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél was used as a biodestructor. In the process of bioconversion, the contents of polysaccharides and lignin substances is reduced to 38% and 28%, respectively. Up to 20% of protein accumulates in bioconversion products of fir wood greenery. The amount of nucleic acids is not more than 1.5 g per kg; the contents of heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and lead, do not exceed the maximum permissible concentration standards. The substrate weight loss reaches 15%. When fallen leaves and post-extraction poplar bud residues are added to the substrate, the substrate-destroying activity of fungi increases, and the protein content increases by 3%. The digestibility of products as a result of bioconversion increases 1.6–2.8 times depending on the substrate composition. The obtained data support the recommendation of post-fermented substrates based on fir wood greenery and balsam poplar biomass for use as a protein feed additive.

Author(s):  
Olga O. Mamaeva ◽  
Elena. V. Isaeva

The effectiveness of forest resources depends on the comprehensiveness and rationality of their consumption and processing into finished products. This article discusses a problem of utilising solid fir wood greenery residues generated during the industrial production of essential oils. Bioconversion is considered to be the most promising utilization method. The objective of this research was to study the chemical composition of bioconversion products of fir wood greenery-based substrates. The РР-3.2 strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél was used as a biodestructor. In the process of bioconversion, the contents of polysaccharides and lignin substances is reduced to 38 and 28 % respectively. Up to 20 % of protein accumulates in bioconversion products of fir wood greenery. The amount of nucleic acids is not more than 1.5 g per 1 kg, the contents of heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic, lead, do not exceed maximum permissible concentration standards. The substrate weight loss reaches 15 %. When fallen leaves and post-extraction poplar bud residues are added to the substrate, the substrate-destroying activity of fungi rises, as well as the protein content increases by 3 %. The digestibility of products as a result of bioconversion increases 1.6–2.8 times depending on the substrate composition. The obtained data enable to recommend post-fermented substrates based on fir wood greenery and balsam poplar biomass for use as a protein feed additive.


2021 ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Olegovna Mamaeva ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Isaeva ◽  
Sergey Redzhinal'dovich Loskutov ◽  
Mariya Anatol'yevna Plyashechnik

Today, plant waste, including fallen poplar leaves (litter), are a promising raw material for the production of useful products using bioconversion, such as protein feed additives. The aim of this study was to study the component composition of the products obtained as a result of the bioconversion of leaf litter. The strain PP-3.2 Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél. In the process of substrate conversion, strain PP-3.2 primarily utilizes extractives and easily hydrolyzable polysaccharides, the amount of which decreases by 44 and 36%, respectively. The total content of polysaccharides is reduced by 20%, lignin substances - 9.4%. The loss of substrate mass based on leaf litter was 23%. The product obtained after cultivation contains 28% protein. Analysis of the amino acid composition of the protein showed a high rate of phenylalanine with tyrosine (115), threonine (117.5), valine (110) and isoleucine (105%). Also, the biodegradation product has a high content of glutamic and aspartic acids (11.2 and 25.3% of the total amino acids, respectively). The levels of cadmium, lead and copper revealed as a result of studies do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations established by the veterinary department. At the same time, there is a high content of iron (166.0 μg/kg) and zinc (256.7 mg/kg) in the feed product. The digestibility of the product is 54%, the content of nucleic substances is up to 0.3%. Thus, the results obtained show the possibility of using the product of the conversion of poplar fallen leaves as a protein feed additive.


Author(s):  
A. Ilyushchanka ◽  
I. Charniak ◽  
R. Kusin ◽  
N. Yakimovich ◽  
I. Dubina

The results of testing the innovative protein feed additive "DKB-MS" are presented. It was obtained by processing milk whey with yeast cultures when feeding young cattle and pigs, which indicate the high efficiency of the developed additives. The achieved average daily weight gain of the test animals compared to the control ones, the absence of allergic reactions and 100% safety make it possible to recommend the use of "DKB-MS" additive in industrial cattle breeding and pig breeding.


Author(s):  
D.D. Khairullin ◽  
◽  
Sh.K. Shakirov ◽  
I.R. Kadikov ◽  
I.F. Vafin ◽  
...  

The purpose of the study was to conduct a veterinary and sanitary assessment of sheep meat and to study the quantitative analysis of the content of heavy metals in animal meat. To do this, experiments were conducted in LLC "SHP Lukoz" of the Sernursky district of the RME on sheep. Experienced yarkas received an experimental feed additive UVMC "VITA-Balance" for 45 days. By the end of the experiment, the animals were slaughtered. The results of the study found that the sheep meat when using a modern feed additive meets the requirements of GOST 7269-2015. The data obtained indicate that no excess of the maximum permissible concentration of heavy metals was detected in sheep meat when using an experimental feed additive.


2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 04012
Author(s):  
Yulia Kolina ◽  
Nadezhda Momot ◽  
Igor Kamliya ◽  
Aleksey Trebukhov ◽  
Elena Shaganova

The article draws attention to the fact that the vitamin feed additive Introvit A+WS is an effective complex in its composition, consisting of 12 fat-and water-soluble vitamins, 18 essential and replaceable amino acids and 9 macro-and microelements that affect not only stability to various infectious diseases, but also to increase the meat productivity of young poultry. In recent years, industrially produced vitamins have become increasingly widespread, as well as feed additives used as a means of increasing animal productivity, reducing the cost of protein feed and increasing the efficiency of using feed nutrients. The vitamin feed additive Introvit A+WS in the indicated doses under production conditions had a positive effect on the weight gain of broilers and on the preservation of the poultry population, therefore, it shall be widely used in industrial poultry farming.


2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Húska ◽  
O. Zítka ◽  
V. Adam ◽  
M. Beklová ◽  
S. Křížková ◽  
...  

Glutathione (GSH) is a water-soluble tripeptide playing a crucial role in the number of cellular reactions including detoxification of heavy metals. Glutathione can be found both in an oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) state. The aim of this paper was to use electrochemical methods to determine glutathiones and to investigate interactions of GSH and cadmium, zinc, copper and nickel ions or feed additive for animal nutrition. It clearly follows from the results that GSH and GSSG can be distinguished by cyclic voltammetry whereas the level of their current response is proportional to their concentration. Moreover, we studied these interactions by cyclic voltammetry. Marked changes in the GSH signal were observed and discussed. The highest decrease in a GSH reductive signal is caused by cadmium ions followed by zinc, nickel and copper ones. We also observed that the reductive GSH signal gradually decreased (about 9%) with the increasing concentration of feed additive used in our experiments. In conclusion, cyclic voltammetry offers a tool for studying interactions of thiols with different substances such as heavy metals and/or feed additives. Keywords:


2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
Yu. Balji ◽  
M. Knicky

There is an urgent need to develop new strategies to minimize the environmental impact of animal production and support sustainability of food production and consumption. Feed additives have been for a long time used in animal nutrition to improve animal growth and performance as well as animal health. Balsam poplar plants (Populus balsamifera) is well known as a rich source of bioactive compounds with positive health effects, and might be used in agriculture as a feed additive for ruminants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of balsam poplar-based additives on growth and performance of fattening young bulls of Simmental breed. In the present study, we used 4 combinations of extract from balsam poplar buds or its components as a feed additives. The animals were given the supplements at the age of 15 months, 3 months before slaughter. The growth and slaughter characteristics of young bulls were studied. After the first and second month of feeding with dietary supplements, animals from the groups fed 10% balsam poplar buds extract and dry shredded balsam poplar buds had significantly higher live weight compared to the control animals fed a diet without any supplements (P < 0.05). At slaughter, group fed 10% balsam poplar buds extract had significantly higher live weight compared to control. Average daily gain was also greatest in that group. Major sensory as well as physical and chemical parameters were not affected by balsam poplar-based supplements (p > 0.05 for all) and were in line with regulatory meat hygiene requirements.


2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Nowak ◽  
Anita Zaworska-Zakrzewska ◽  
Andrzej Frankiewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Kasprowicz-Potocka

AbstractThe rearing of piglets is the most difficult period in the pigs’ production because of their poorly developed digestive system and the low activity of digestive enzymes. Problems in nutrition and stress cause some disorders in the functioning of the digestive system leading to diarrhea and the mortality of piglets. Starting in 2006 in the EU, a total ban on antibiotics in their use as growth promoters was introduced. Since then, new and safe feed additives have been sought in order to replace antibiotics. Organic and inorganic acids as well as their salts were recognized as effective and safe additives. Due to their properties, they can improve feed palatability and digestibility, reduce the buffer capacity of feed, impact the development and functioning of the pig’s digestive system and improve the health and growth parameters. However, the effectiveness of acids is related to their qualitative and quantitative share in the feed additive. In this review, some strategies for using organic acids, their mixtures and also some new multi-component products will be discussed.


Author(s):  
M.T. SABITOV ◽  
A.R. FARKHUTDINOVA ◽  
M.G. MALIKOVA ◽  
N.G. FENCHENKO ◽  
N.I. KHAIRULLINA ◽  
...  

Изучена целесообразность использования в рационах телят черно-пестрой породы комплексной минерально-витаминной кормовой добавки (КМВКД). Установлено пониженное содержание в кормах таких элементов, как кальций, фосфор, магний, сера, марганец, медь, цинк и кобальт. Соотношение питательных и минеральных веществ, степень их доступности для усвоения организмом не обеспечивают их потребность. Использование КМВКД способствовало улучшению всех гематологических показателей. Все испытываемые рецепты, имеющие в своем составе разные варианты макро-, микроэлементов и витаминов положительно влияют на обменные про- цессы в организме животных. У молодняка опытной группы, получавшей подкормку по рецепту 1, количество эритроцитов в сравнении с животными контрольной группы увеличилось на 6,6, гемоглобина на 6,93 соответственно, по рецепту 2 11,05 и 11,39 по рецепту 3 16,75 и 15,27, то есть соотношение макро- и микроэлементов, имеющихся в составе КМВКД и взаимодействие между собой меди, железа и кобальта сыграли особую роль на концентрацию форменных элементов. У молодняка, получавшего подкормку по рецепту 1 количество общего белка в сравнении с животными контрольной группы увеличилось на 1,99, кальция на 16,02, каротина на 10,92 соответственно, по рецепту 2 4,91, 25,96 и 19,12 по рецепту 3 на 3,58, 27,07 и 20,21. Значительное повышение содержания белка, кальция, фосфора и каротина по сравнению с животными контрольной группы объясняется тем, что недостаток их в рационах восполнялся за счет используемой подкормки, в результате их содержание увеличилось в сыворотке, но не выходило за пределы нормативных данных и соответствовало физиологическим нормам.Practicability of using a complex mineral and vitamin feed additive (CMVFA) in the ration of black-and-white calf breed was studied. Decreased content of such elements as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, manganese, copper, zinc, and cobalt was registered. The correlation of nutritive and mineral substances, and the level of their availability for digestion did not provide for their need. CMVFA use facilitated the increase of all hematologic parameters. Tested recipes which had different content of sapropel and zeolite, as well as various types of macronutrients, microelements, and vitamins, positively influenced the digestive processes in animal bodies. Young stock from the test group that was receiving food additives according to recipe No. 1 showed 6.6 increase in the quantity of red blood cells compared to control group animals, and 6.93 increase in hemoglobin quantity the ones who were fed according to recipe No. 2 demonstrated the increase by 11.05 and 11.39 recipe No. 3 showed 16.75 and 15.27 increase, which means that the ratio of macronutrients and microelements present in CMVFA and the mutual interaction of copper, iron, and cobalt played a special role in the concentration of formed elements due to the fact that they are integral elements of blood. Total protein of young stock that was receiving food additives according to recipe No. 1 was 1.99 higher than in test group animals calcium 16.02 higher carotene 10.92 as for recipe No. 2 the values were increased by 4.91, 25.96, and 19.12 recipe No. 3 3.58, 27.07, and 20.21. Substantial increase in the content of protein, calcium, phosphorus, and carotene compared to control group animals can be explained by the fact that their insufficiency in animal feed was replenished due to the use of feed additives, and as a result their content increased in the serum but did not go beyond the norm and corresponded to physiological norms.


2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1440-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Kogut ◽  
Kenneth J. Genovese ◽  
Haiqi He ◽  
Christina L. Swaggerty ◽  
Yiwei Jiang

ABSTRACTWe have been investigating modulation strategies tailored around the selective stimulation of the host's immune system as an alternative to direct targeting of microbial pathogens by antibiotics. One such approach is the use of a group of small cationic peptides (BT) produced by a Gram-positive soil bacterium,Brevibacillus texasporus. These peptides have immune modulatory properties that enhance both leukocyte functional efficiency and leukocyte proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA transcription activitiesin vitro. In addition, when provided as a feed additive for just 4 days posthatch, BT peptides significantly induce a concentration-dependent protection against cecal and extraintestinal colonization bySalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis. In the present studies, we assessed the effects of feeding BT peptides on transcriptional changes on proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory chemokines, and Toll-like receptors (TLR) in the ceca of broiler chickens with and withoutS. Enteritidis infection. After feeding a BT peptide-supplemented diet for the first 4 days posthatch, chickens were then challenged withS. Enteritidis, and intestinal gene expression was measured at 1 or 7 days postinfection (p.i.) (5 or 11 days of age). Intestinal expression of innate immune mRNA transcripts was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Analysis of relative mRNA expression showed that a BT peptide-supplemented diet did not directly induce the transcription of proinflammatory cytokine, inflammatory chemokine, type I/II interferon (IFN), or TLR mRNA in chicken cecum. However, feeding the BT peptide-supplemented diet primed cecal tissue for increased (P≤ 0.05) transcription of TLR4, TLR15, and TLR21 upon infection withS. Enteritidis on days 1 and 7 p.i. Likewise, feeding the BT peptides primed the cecal tissue for increased transcription of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-18, type I and II IFNs) and inflammatory chemokine (CxCLi2) in response toS. Enteritidis infection 1 and 7 days p.i. compared to the chickens fed the basal diet. These small cationic peptides may prove useful as alternatives to antibiotics as local immune modulators in neonatal poultry by providing prophylactic protection againstSalmonellainfections.


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