scholarly journals Dropout Intention, Motivation and Socio-Demographics of Forestry Students in Romania

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Elena Cocoradă ◽  
Alexandru Lucian Curtu ◽  
Laura Elena Năstasă ◽  
Iosif Vorovencii
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Academic Program ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Psychological Instruments ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Academic Year

Reducing students’ dropout rate is a major challenge for universities. Based on a quantitative approach, this study aims to analyze and explain students’ dropout intention at the largest forestry school in Romania by collecting data in their first two months of the academic year prior to failing any courses. The study participants are undergraduate freshmen, male and female students, and the tools are psychological instruments commonly used or specifically developed for this study. Our findings partly confirm previous results, such as the higher intention of dropping out among male students compared to females, and also among students with admission GPA lower or equal to seven, on a GPA scale from 1 to 10, and among students from families with low income. Dropout intention can be explained by the academic performance expectancy, gender, family, socio-economic status, and perceived barriers to completion of studies. There were no differences regarding whether students were from urban or rural areas, proximity of university to home, and high school academic program. Our results may help to implement efficient measures for increasing student retention.

scholarly journals Open defecation free: where do we need to focus ?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ramesh Adhikari ◽  
Sudha Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Middle Income

BackgroundDespite major national and international efforts, many households in Nepal (as in other low-income and middle-income countries) still lack toilets. This paper assesses various determinants that act as main contributing factors because of which households in Nepal still do not have toilets. MethodsData from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 was used for this study. Bivariate analysis was done to assess the association between dependent variables (toilet status- having and not having toilets in the household) and independent variables (demographic, socio-economic and geographical characteristics) using Chi-square test. Then, a multi variate logistic regression model was used to assess significant predictors for a household not having a toilet after controlling other variables. ResultsOut of the total number of sampled households (11040), nearly a fifth (18%) belonged to province no. 2, where nearly half of the households (49%) did not have toilet facilities. Similarly, households in rural areas were found to be less likely to have toilets than households in urban areas (aOR=1.56, CI1.35-1.80). In the Terai, households were almost ten times as likely not to have toilets (aOR=9.65, CI6.56-14.19) as compared to households in the mountain region. Furthermore, there is a strong positive association between households with toilets and their economic status. Poorest (aOR=15.19, CI11.26-20.47), poorer (aOR=8.75, CI6.89-11.11) and middle income (aOR=5.12, CI4.15-6.32) households were less likely to have a toilet than richer or richest households. ConclusionsDespite some real achievements and progress in Open Defecation Free (ODF) status, Nepal still has a large number of residences without a toilet. Thus, it is crucial to address all the multifaceted factors such as geographical, provincial and economic when considering sustainable ODF programming.

Changes in Individual Economic Activities and Regional Market Structures Caused by Rural Road Improvements in Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rika Idei ◽  
Hironori Kato
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Rural Road

In rural areas of developing countries, most individuals engage in farming of staple foods and trading them in their local markets for daily earnings. If a road is improved, what would happen to those markets and the local populations’ economic activities? This study aimed to examine the effects of rural road improvements on local economic activities and market structures in rural areas of Cambodia using quantitative and qualitative data collected from face-to-face interviews. The data included both individual economic status and households’ travel behavior around their markets. This study showed that improving road conditions helps low-income individuals visit a market frequently and releases rice farmers from the time and cost burdens of transporting their rice to markets or enables customers to now approach them directly for trades. The enhancement of economic activities was also confirmed among local populations on the roadsides, particularly groups with economic capacities, and this effect was distributed to markets even beyond the roadsides. Our findings suggest that rural road improvements enhance the economic status of individuals who engage in dominant economic activities along the improved roads and that these benefits extend beyond roadside markets themselves. However, such positive impacts were not realized by households that did not own any land for rice farming and whose economic status remained poor. Instruments should be integrated into future rural road improvement projects to include households of small economic capacities in the local economic development process.

Universal Elementary Education in India: Barriers and Persistent Challenges

Social Change ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-275
Author(s):  
Rukmini Thapa ◽  
Kaustav Kanti Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Education In India ◽  
Poor Children ◽  
Physical Access

Secondary data on school participation and completion highlight that dropping out from school before completing eight years of schooling continues to challenge the achievement of universal elementary education in India. Against the backdrop of high dropout rates at the primary and upper primary level, this article discusses the findings of a field survey conducted in 2008–2009 in a peripheral urban settlement in West Bengal. The same households were surveyed after five years in 2013. The purpose was to contextualise barriers to elementary education among poor children living in a socio-economically backward and low-income settlement. It was found that despite physical access to government schools, the dropout rate escalated with children’s age due to livelihood pressure at home and the double burden of household chores and income-generating work. This along with inadequate support from school made it challenging for children to complete elementary education.

Inter-ethnic Restructuring in Malaysia, 1970-80: The Employment Perspective

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Employment Structure ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Target Date ◽  
Restructuring Process

AbstractThe New Economic Policy (NEP) was launched in 1970 in the aftermath of the racial riots of May 1969 which were widely held as an expression of the discontent felt among Malays vis-à-vis Chinese domination of the Malaysian economy. Under this new strategy, more rapid "Malaysianization" of society was planned and a commitment was made to "restructure" the economy so as to give Malays an economic status equivalent, or equal, to that of non-Malays. Efforts extended from increasing Malay equity participation in industry and upgrading the employment structure of Malays to poverty eradication, notably in low-income rural areas where most Malays live. The target date for completion of the process of restructuring was 1990 but before that a series of detailed plans mapped out evolving strategies to achieve a steady progression in the restructuring process. It is in this context that this paper sets out to examine the main trends in the employment structure over the past quarter of a century, within limits of data availability, to see to what extent ethnic restructuring has occurred and the nature of the changes that have taken place.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Inequality in University Education: Is the District Quota Scheme Addressing Socio-Economic Disparities in Access to University Education in Uganda?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Godfrey Bagonza ◽  
Yuda Taddeo Kaahwa ◽  
Nicholas Itaaga
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
University Education ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government

Access to university education is one of the fundamental educational questions in contemporary educational debates. This is because university education is seen as having an array of benefits to individuals, their households, and their nations. However, the challenge of inequality in terms of gender, income, location, and socio-economic status has constrained some individuals and households to access quality university education. In 2005 the government of Uganda introduced the District Quota Scheme to address the social inequalities in accessing university education. This study examined how the District Quota Scheme is addressing the rural-urban divide in access to university; how the District Quota Scheme has increased access to university education for children with parents who have low levels of education; and whether the District Quota Scheme is improving access to university education for children from low-income families. Following the social constructivist research paradigm and integrating both quantitative and qualitative research methods, the study found a change in access to university education by students from rural areas, students whose parents have lower levels of education, and those from low-income families as a result of introducing the District Quota Scheme. The study recommends that the government of Uganda and other stakeholders in the higher education sector should address the structural challenges to ensure that mainly the socially disadvantaged students take the biggest advantage of this scheme. 

scholarly journals What can the Public School do to Reduce Dropout Numbers?

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
David L. Debertin ◽  
John M. Huie
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
School Administrator ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
The Public ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Educative Process

Rural youth who fail to complete high school often experience a great deal of difficulty when competing for available jobs. All rural youth cannot hope to find employment at satisfactory wage levels in the local community. Many must leave. It has long been known that economic mobility is highly related to the educational level of an individual. Dropping out of school at an early age poses a substantial deterrent to educational attainment and subsequent mobility.It has been proposed that the number of dropouts can be reduced by pumping more money into the public schools. Educators have contended that inexperienced, poorly trained, and low-paid teachers often found in rural areas can lead to large numbers of dropouts. The analysis that follows was therefore designed to isolate determinants of dropout numbers from public schools. The model construes the formal educative process in a production function context as have other studies. Minimization of the number of dropouts is assumed to be one of the goals of the local school administrator. Hence, the dropout rate is one possible measure of an output. Inputs to the production process consist of characteristics of the school and community believed to have an influence on a student's decision whether or not to stay in school.

scholarly journals Analisis korelasi tingkat pendidikan dan status ekonomi terhadap kesejahteraan sosial dengan tingkat pendapatan sebagai contingency variable di kabupaten labuhanbatu

JURNAL PUNDI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurintan Asyiah Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Low Level

Social Welfare is a common goal to be achieved. Therefore there is a need to increase the quality of education in the district of Labuhanbatu. Because with a low level of education will result in social welfare and low in support with low economic status and low income levels again. A high level of crime that occurred in the district of labuhanbatu caused by the low income level that effect cause social welfare disrupted. For long-term author want to achieve is able to formulate a policy that can improve tarap community living that has a low level of education so that the level of kriminilitas can minimalize. Special targets to be achieved in this research is the regional government can know exactly how the situation of social welfare that occurs in the rural areas. The method to achieve that goal is to provide skills training and motivation to be increased education kejenjang higher. This research uses the primary data obtained or collected directly from the source of the data through the spread of a list of questions (questionaire) and interview (interview). Keywords: The level of education, Economic status, Social Welfare, Income Level

scholarly journals Determinants of Dropout and Child School Enrollment: A Case Study from Rural Islamabad

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Uzma Naz ◽  
Zainab Ejaz ◽  
Naveed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
High Dropout Rate ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Major Factors

Education is an important pillar for the development of any society. Generally, school enrollment in developing countries is observed very low compared to the developed countries and the situation is further worsened by the high dropout rate. The current study investigates the major factors responsible for high dropouts in Islamabad, Pakistan, particularly in rural areas. For this purpose, the primary data have been obtained through a detailed questionnaire collecting information on child socioeconomic, household, cultural, and other characteristics. For modeling purposes, Probit model is used to investigate the effects of various factors on high child dropout rate. The results revealed that besides the distance from school to home, financial constraints are the most important reason for dropping out. Moreover, the education of father, age of the child and the gender of the child are also highly significant variables that determine the probability of a child dropout.

scholarly journals Economic status and catastrophic health expenditures in China in the last decade of health reform: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Yuan ◽  
Yuxuan Wu ◽  
Furong Li ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Dandi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditures

Abstract Background In order to solve the problem of “expensive medical treatment and difficult medical treatment” for patients and improve the equity of medical services, China started the health-care reform in 2009, and proposed ambitious goals of providing fair and high-quality basic medical and health services to all citizens and reducing economic burden of diseases. This study was to systematically explore the association between population economic status and incidence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) in mainland China in the last decade since 2009 health reform. Methods This systematic review was reported according to the standard of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). We systematically searched Chinese Electronic literature Database of China Journal Full Text Database, Chinese Biomedical Journal Database, Wan fang Data Resource System, VIP Database, and English literature databases of PubMed, SCI, EMbase and Cochrane Library from January 2000 to June 2020, and references of included studies. Two reviewers independently selected all reports from 2000 to 2020 for empirical studies of CHE in mainland China, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the study. We conducted meta-analysis of the incidence of CHE and subgroup analysis according to the time of the study and the economic characteristics of residents. Results Four thousand eight hundred seventy-four records were retrieved and eventually 47 studies with 151,911 participants were included. The quality scores of most of studies were beyond 4 points (91.49%). The pooled incidence of CHE of Chinese residents in the last two decades was 23.3% (95% CI: 21.1 to 25.6%). The CHE incidence increased from 2000 to 2017, then decreased over time from 2017 to 2020. From 2000 to 2020, the CHE incidence in rural areas was 25.0% (95% CI: 20.9 to 29.1%) compared to urban 20.9% (95% CI: 18.3 to 23.4%); the CHE incidence in eastern, central and western China was 25.0% (95% CI: 19.2 to 30.8%), 25.4% (95% CI: 18.4 to 32.3%), and 23.1% (95% CI: 17.9 to 28.2%), respectively; the CHE incidence was 30.9% (95% CI: 22.4 to 39.5%), 20.3% (95% CI: 17.0 to 23.6%), 19.9% (95% CI: 15.6 to 24.1%), and 23.7% (95% CI: 18.0 to 29.3%) in poverty group, low-income group, middle-income group, and high-income group, respectively. Conclusions In the past two decade, the incidence of CHE in rural areas is higher than that of urban residents; higher in central areas than in eastern, western and other regions; in poverty households than in low-income, middle-income and high-income regions. Further measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of CHE in susceptible people.

A View of the Lexical–Grammatical Link in Young Latinos With Specific Language Impairment Using Language-Specific and Conceptual Measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía I. Méndez ◽  
Gabriela Simon-Cereijido
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Vocabulary Skills ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
L1 And L2

Purpose This study investigated the nature of the association of lexical–grammatical abilities within and across languages in Latino dual language learners (DLLs) with specific language impairment (SLI) using language-specific and bilingual measures. Method Seventy-four Spanish/English–speaking preschoolers with SLI from preschools serving low-income households participated in the study. Participants had stronger skills in Spanish (first language [L1]) and were in the initial stages of learning English (second language [L2]). The children's lexical, semantic, and grammar abilities were assessed using normative and researcher-developed tools in English and Spanish. Hierarchical linear regressions of cross-sectional data were conducted using measures of sentence repetition tasks, language-specific vocabulary, and conceptual bilingual lexical and semantic abilities in Spanish and English. Results Results indicate that language-specific vocabulary abilities support the development of grammar in L1 and L2 in this population. L1 vocabulary also contributes to L2 grammar above and beyond the contribution of L2 vocabulary skills. However, the cross-linguistic association between vocabulary in L2 and grammar skills in the stronger or more proficient language (L1) is not observed. In addition, conceptual vocabulary significantly supported grammar in L2, whereas bilingual semantic skills supported L1 grammar. Conclusions Our findings reveal that the same language-specific vocabulary abilities drive grammar development in L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI. In the early stages of L2 acquisition, vocabulary skills in L1 also seem to contribute to grammar skills in L2 in this population. Thus, it is critical to support vocabulary development in both L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI, particularly in the beginning stages of L2 acquisition. Clinical and educational implications are discussed.

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