scholarly journals Contrasts in Top Soil Infiltration Processes for Degraded vs. Restored Lands. A Case Study at the Perijá Range in Colombia

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1716
Author(s):  
Sergio Esteban Lozano-Baez ◽  
Yamileth Domínguez-Haydar ◽  
Bob W. Zwartendijk ◽  
Miguel Cooper ◽  
Conrado Tobón ◽  
...  

Governments are increasingly committing to significant ecological restoration. However, the impacts of forest restoration on local hydrological services are surprisingly poorly understood. Particularly, limited information is available about the impacts of tree planting on soil infiltration processes and runoff pathways. Thus, we investigated the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and preferential flow pathways in three land-cover types: (i) Active Restoration, (ii) Degraded Land, and (iii) Reference Forest, with contrasting differences in soil profile and land use history in the municipality of La Jagua de Ibirico, César department, Colombia. We conducted soil sampling, using the Beerkan method to determine Ks values. We also measured vegetation attributes (i.e., canopy cover, vegetation height, diameter at breast height, and total number of trees) and carried out three dye tracer experiments for each study site. The blue dye experiments revealed that near surface matrix infiltration was dominant for Degraded Land, while at the Active Restoration and Reference Forest, this only occurred at local surface depressions. The general infiltration pattern at the three land uses is indicated as being macropore flow with mixed interaction with the matrix and highly affected by the presence of rock fragments. The deeper infiltration patterns occur by preferential flow due to the presence of roots and rock fragments. The mean Ks for the Active Restoration (240 mm h−1) was much higher than the Ks at Degraded Land (40 mm h−1) but still considerably lower than the Reference Forest (324 mm h−1). These results indicate that top soil infiltration capacity and soil physical parameters not only directly regulate the amount of infiltration but also infiltration patterns and runoff processes, leading to lower infiltration and increased excess overland flow for Degraded Land than for other land uses.

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1733-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-jie Hu ◽  
Li-ming Tian ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Xiao-dong Wu ◽  
Ren Li ◽  
...  

Al-Khidmat ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Kundang Harisman ◽  
Budy Frasetya ◽  
Adjat Sudrajat ◽  
Suryaman Birnadi ◽  
Maratun Sholeha

Land use conversion in to settlements and agricultural land affect rainwater can not be infiltrate directly in to the soil. Cibiru District has large area with slope so that this region has high risk of erosion. Soil and water conservation activity through tree planting methode  involving comunity services is startegic effort to overcome potential erosion hazzard and increase soil infiltration. The activity of Community services was held from July-August 2018 in Palasari sub-district which has slope 8-15%. This community services methode used in the form of tree planting workshop and supervision during the manintenance periode. This tree planting program was welcomed enthusiastically by the community. The comunity in Cibiru District is pro active in preservation trees, especially during the dry season.


2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1355-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangjia Ji ◽  
Yanan Huang ◽  
Bingbing Li ◽  
David W Hopkins ◽  
Wenzhao Liu ◽  
...  

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1102
Author(s):  
Si-yuan Zhao ◽  
Yang-wen Jia ◽  
Jia-guo Gong ◽  
Cun-wen Niu ◽  
Hui-dong Su ◽  
...  

Rock fragments in soil strongly increase the complexity of hydrological processes. Spatial variability of preferential flow and infiltration characteristics, especially along a rocky-mountain hillslope are poorly understood. In this study, five rainfall–dye tracer experiments were performed in the rocky Taihang Mountains, northern China, to investigate the spatial variability of preferential flow and infiltration redistribution on different hillslope positions. Tracers were used to distinguish macropore flow and actual water flow patterns, and preferential flow indices and spatial non–uniformity of the infiltration redistribution were calculated using image analysis. Results showed increasing trends in the dye coverage, maximum infiltration depth, and steady infiltration rate with increased hillslope position, with a preferential flow fraction of 0.10, 0.11, 0.15, 0.29, and 0.26 for the bottom–, down–, mid–, upper–, and top–slope positions, respectively. With increased hillslope position, the spatial non–uniformity of the infiltration redistribution gradually increased in orthogonal and parallel directions to the stained section, and was supported by the fractal dimensions. Positive (gravel mass ratio, saturated water content, altitude, hydraulic conductivity and roots) and negative (bulk density and clay content) impacts on preferential flow and infiltration redistribution were quantitatively emphasized. The characteristic and mechanism of infiltration process were further identified along a rocky-mountain hillslope.


FLORESTA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Lysias Vellozo Costa Filho ◽  
Nivaldo Eduardo Rizzi

The study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of the forestry ecosystem on the maintenance of the hydrological processes, which participated on soil’s erosion. Aimed to support the land use planning and soil’s erosion control works. The work was done through of a simulated rainfall experiment replicated on three watersheds of the Northwest region of the State of Paraná, into four land uses. The experiment was developed by comparing the runoff’s behavior of the land uses: forest and three agricultural crops (coffee, cassava and pasture). The results showed greatest infiltration coefficient for soils under forest, with significant difference to other land uses studied. These differences showed that unit area with forest cover resulted in 9,71 times less runoff than area with pasture, 7,86 times less runoff than area with coffee, and 5,56 times less runoff than area with cassava. The results show the forest’s potentiality to improve the infiltration processes, showing responses that virtually are not possible to be superseded by the management practices adopted on the other cropping systems studied. The study, to define the range of the forest’s effect on its environment, is characterized as essential to planning of the forest cover regarding to size area, and spatial distribution.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faraji Nuru ◽  
Jumanne Moshi Abdallah ◽  
Yonika Mathew Ngaga

The study was done to assess the opportunity costs of REDD+ to the communities of Mufindi District which is located in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. The specific objectives were, to identify and assess the economic value of alternative land uses, the aboveground carbon stock of Idewa Forest Reserve (IFR), and the profitability of each land use as compared to REDD+ incentives. Data were collected using questionnaire survey, key informant interview, and forest inventory and data were analyzed using the Excel programme. Results showed that the main land uses were agriculture and tree planting with economic values of $2958.52 and $3272.94 per ha per year, respectively. The total aboveground carbon was 39.23 t/ha (143.97/ha). The opportunity costs of REDD+ was varying depending on the price per ton of carbon. The opportunity costs of REDD+ will be profitable if the price per tCO2e will be at least $23. It can therefore be concluded that there is no general unit price per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e), as it depends on REDD+ opportunity cost when compared with alternative land uses within a particular place. Therefore we recommend opportunity costs of REDD+ to communities be used to guide decision making on unit prices of carbon.


2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 15510-15529
Author(s):  
LAMINOU MANZO Ousmane ◽  
AMANI Abdou ◽  
DAN GUIMBO Iro ◽  
RACHIDI Abdou Harouna ◽  
MAHAMANE Ali

Objectifs : Le département de Ouallam au Niger est soumis au phénomène de dégradation des terres. La présente étude, conduite sur le plateau dégradé de Sini Bangou dans la Commune de Simiri, a pour objectif d’évaluer l’efficacité du dispositif des banquettes anti-érosives sur l’amélioration de la couverture végétale et de la qualité du sol. Méthodologie et résultats : Le dispositif expérimental de collecte des données est un site de récupération des terres où des banquettes ont été réalisées, plantées et ensemencées. La méthodologie a consisté à une analyse diachronique de l’occupation du sol à l’aide des images Landsat, une analyse granulométrique, des tests d’infiltration de l’eau et des relevés phytosociologiques. Les résultats montrent une amélioration du couvert végétal de 17,24 ha, soit 11,50% de la superficie du site, l’apparition d’une végétation spontanée de 69 espèces dont 11 ligneuses appartenant à 7 familles et 58 herbacées réparties dans 15 familles dominées par la famille des Poaceae (31,88%) et les types biologiques Thérophytes (69,01%).Les espèces à distribution Soudano-Zambéziennes (33,21%)etSoudano-ZambéziennesSahariennes-Sindiennes(31,15%) sont les types phytogéographiques les plus dominants de la flore globale à l’échelle africaine. La vitesse de l’infiltration relativement lente enregistrée pendant les dix premières minutes (≤ 10 cm/mn), a progressé au rythme d’une moyenne de 1 cm/mn en profondeur pour s’arrêter au bout de 30 minutes au profit d’une infiltration latérale. L’épaisseur des dépôts de sédiments varie entre 9 et 15 cm selon les banquettes et la teneur en matière organique fluctuant entre 0,36 à 1,43%, quoique faible, reste plus importante au niveau des horizons de surface de 0-20 cm que ceux de profondeur 20-40 cm. Ces effets associés au caractère dominant sableux du sol ont permis l’amélioration de l’état structural et textural de ce dernier et l’augmentation de l’infiltration et du stockage de l’eau qui aurait résulté au développement quantitatif et qualitatif du couvert végétal. Laminou et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Impacts des banquettes dans la récupération des terres dégradées au Niger 15511 Conclusion et application des résultats : Cette étude montre que les banquettes constituent une méthode efficace pour régénérer le capital productif d’un écosystème dégradé. Cependant, la pérennité des services écosystémiques de l’aménagement devrait être garantie par des modes de gestion rationnelle. Mots clés : Erosion hydrique, récupération, végétation, sol, infiltration, Niger Impacts of terraces in the degraded land reclamation in Niger ABSTRACT Objectives: The department of Ouallam in Niger is subject to land degradation. The study was conducted on the degraded area of Sini Bangou in the district of Simiri with the aim to assess the effectiveness of the anti-erosion terraces system on improving plant cover and soil quality. Methodology and results: Experimental data collection design was a degraded land site where terraces have been made with tree plantation and herbaceous seeds sown. The methodology consisted of a diachronic analysis of land use using Landsat images, a granulometric analysis, water infiltration tests and phytosociological surveys. Results show an improvement in the plant cover of 17.24 ha, or 11.50% of the site area, a spontaneous vegetation of 69 species made up of 11 woody ones belonging to 7 families and 58 herbaceous ones distributed into 15 families dominated by the family of Poaceae (31.88%) and the biological types of Therophytes (69.01%). Soudano-Zambezian (33.21%) and Soudano-ZambezianSaharan-Sindian (31.15%) species are the most dominant phytogeographic types of the overall flora on an african scale. The relatively slow infiltration speed recorded during the first ten minutes (≤ 10 cm / min), increased at the rate of an average of 1 cm / min in depth to stop after 30 minutes in favour of a lateral infiltration. Sediment deposits thickness varied between 9 and 15 cm depending on the terraces and the organic matter content fluctuating between 0.36 to 1.43%, although low, remains greater at the level of the surface horizons of 0-20 cm than those of 20-40 cm deep. These effects associated with the dominant sandy character of the soil allowed the structural and textural soil state improvement and the increase in the water infiltration and storage which would have resulted in the quantitative and qualitative development of the plant cover. Conclusion and application of findings: The study shows that terraces are an effective method for regenerating the productive capital of a degraded ecosystem. However, the sustainability of the ecosystem services of the treated area should be guaranteed by rational management methods. Keywords: Water erosion , reclamation, vegetation, soil, infiltration, Niger


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3137-3154
Author(s):  
R Rofita ◽  
Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami ◽  
Azwar Maas ◽  
Makruf Nurudin

Land degradation is currently a major environmental problem that can lead to decreasing biomass productivity. The causes of land degradation have been widely reported. However, the soil morphological characteristics and its detailed properties related to land degradation need to be investigated further. The research was conducted in North Halmahera Regency in March-April 2020. The study started with an overlay of basic maps such as rainfall, land use, topography, and soil types to map the degraded land units. Several land units classified from slightly damaged to severely damaged will be validated based on field observations and supported by laboratory measurements. Characterization of soil morphology and soil sampling was carried out according to USDA international standards. Sentinel 2A image and SRTM image from March to April 2020 were used to determine NDVI and TRI. The characteristics of the soils that have not been degraded tend to be found in volcanic landscapes, while those of the degraded soils tend to be found in structural and karst hills. The thickness of the degraded soil horizons tends to be shallower with an incomplete horizon arrangement, and many rock fragments are found in the soil surface layer. SOC gradually decreases in degraded soils, while the essential nutrients (N, P, and K) are relatively more varied across soil types. The improper land use without conservation on steep slopes causes the soils to be easily degraded. The soil degradation index has a linear relationship with NDVI and TRI. Thus, the revitalization of degraded lands needs to pay attention to the layout and types of vegetation with different slope levels according to the geomorphological zone.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10430
Author(s):  
Barbara Vinceti ◽  
Michel Valette ◽  
Ali Lardia Bougma ◽  
Arturo Turillazzi

Land degradation affects a significant portion of the Earth’s ice-free land area and several countries have embraced the challenge of restoring large parts of their degraded lands. Success in these efforts depends on various factors, including the amount of resources invested, the technical capacity available and the degree of involvement of stakeholders. Burkina Faso has committed to restoring 5 Mha of degraded land by 2030. We identified 39 forest landscape restoration initiatives (FLR) in this country and interviewed their managers to obtain an overview of critical aspects and constraints that could orient future efforts. Our results show a recent growth of FLR initiatives, as most of the projects examined started in the last few years; however, the scale of implementation seems incompatible with country-level targets. Funding is coming mainly from international cooperation and this may lead to risks in long-term continuity and sustainability of FLR. Furthermore, FLR projects are carried out by a multitude of agencies, with local NGOs and associations as the main players; this finding highlights the need to coordinate ongoing efforts and flag challenges in tracking progress. Tree planting is common to most FLR initiatives examined, with aspects of quality and quantity of planting material available becoming critical in ensuring success; this raises the need to ensure farmers are well-trained in its collection and handling. Finally, more homogeneous approaches in monitoring across FLR initiatives should be adopted.


Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Haigh ◽  
Patricia Woodruffe ◽  
Margaret D’Aucourt ◽  
Elanor Alun ◽  
Gillian Wilding ◽  
...  

The reclamation of surface (opencast) coal mines is not always successful; there remains a legacy of degraded land that burdens local communities. This article evaluates a community-oriented, low-cost means of geoecological regeneration, the “Cradle for Nature” strategy, which uses mosaic tree planting to foster positive natural ecological processes. Results show that, while the autocompaction of minestones quickly raises soil densities to levels hostile to plant growth, forestation helps moderate soil densities. Weathering concentrates metals in minestones, but 14 years of forestation reduced the loadings of five metals by 35–52%. Twenty years of forestation doubled soil organic carbon to >7%; increased bacilli from 7% to 46%; actinomycetes from 10% to 26%; and soil microbe counts 12–15 times, especially in tree plantings treated with fertiliser. Soils under trees also supported a significantly greater earthworm biomass than under grass but, while open-canopy plantings had increased ground flora biodiversity, closed-canopy plantings had lower diversity and biomass. Following closure to grazing, ground biomass increased sevenfold. Young trees act as bird perches and significantly increase seed fall. Small mammal biomass and biodiversity increases after tree planting and higher predators appear. Varteg’s constructed forest provides an effective “cradle” for an emergent geoecological system and its habitat mosaic maximises biodiversity.


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