scholarly journals Mycobiota of Fine Roots of Pseudotsuga menziesii Introduced to the Native Forest Environment

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1766
Author(s):  
Marta Damszel ◽  
Hanna Szmidla ◽  
Katarzyna Sikora ◽  
Agata Młodzińska ◽  
Sławomir Piętka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Introduced Trees

The mycobiota of the fine roots of Pseudotsuga menziesii were studied as a measure of the adaptation of this alien species to new soil and climatic conditions. We hypothesized that after approximately 130 years of growth in a given habitat, the fungal community colonizing the fine roots of introduced trees would resemble the biota of Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica in surrounding stands of similar age and site conditions. The genetic material isolated from the fine roots was subjected to metagenomic analysis. We recorded 33, 97 and 95 OTUs exclusively from root samples of Douglas fir, beech and pine, respectively; 124 were common to all sample types. The biota from the roots of P. menziesii featured a less diverse taxonomic composition and were characterized by the highest proportion of symbiotrophs (71.8%) versus saprothrophs (5.6%) and pathogens (0.24%). Some fungal taxa (19) in the roots of P. menziesii were common with the biota in the roots of other adjacent trees, while some (7) were unique to Douglas fir. Our results indicate a locally differentiated strategy of naturalness of fungi inhabiting soil and roots of P. menziesii, although 130 years have passed since the introduction of the species.

scholarly journals COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF PERSPECTIVES OF DOUGLAS FIR (PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII (MIRB.) FRANCO) IN FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
O. M. Plotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Stem Quality

The results of the integrated assessment of prospects for use of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in botanical gardens and arboretums in five regions in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine are presented. In most cases, there was a fresh fertile forest site type, and in one, there was a dry fertile site. The indicators of growth, stem quality, available seed production and self-seedlings were determined. The comparison was realized with the native species, English oak, which is traditionally grown in the regions in given forest conditions. According to the results of the integrated assessment, Douglas fir in most cases was noted a perspective species in the Ukrainian forest-steppe zone and can be used for the creation of forest plantations, protective stands, and landscaping. The climatic conditions for the regions of the study were different in the average annual rainfall and the Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient.

scholarly journals Differences in Growth and Log Quality of Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Provenances

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Peter Smolnikar ◽  
Robert Brus ◽  
Kristjan Jarni
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
The 19Th Century

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is a non-native conifer from western North America that was introduced into European forests at the end of the 19th century. Plantations of Douglas-fir in Europe have shown good performance, quality, and resilience to exacerbating climatic conditions. However, all these qualities strongly depend on provenance. A total of 1061 surviving trees of fifteen different Douglas-fir provenances were measured in a Slovenian provenance trial that was established within the framework of the 1966/1967 IUFRO seed collection program. We found significant differences among provenances with respect to survival rate, growth performance, and log quality. The total recorded yield of the 46-year-old stand was 602.9 m3/ha, and the average survival rate was 43%. The correlation of juvenile tree heights in 1985 and their average breast height diameters in 2017 is positive and significant. Based on vitality and diameter, the best performing provenances were Yelm and Cathlamet. The provenance with the best log quality assessed through branchiness is Jefferson (Olympic Peninsula, western Washington). All the most promising provenances for western Slovenia (Central Europe) originate from the low-altitude western coast of Washington (WACO), with the Cathlamet provenance showing the best combination of good growth, survival rate, and log quality.

RADICULAR BIOMASS AND ORGANIC CARBON OF THE SOIL IN FOREST FORMATIONS IN THE SOUTHERN AMAZONIAN MESOREGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozias Cunha Bello ◽  
José Maurício da Cunha ◽  
Milton Cesár Costa Campos ◽  
Elilson Gomes de Brito Filho ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Main Route ◽  
The World ◽  
Carbon Analysis ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

ABSTRACT The soils of the Amazon region, despite being under one of the densest forests in the world, are mostly characterized by the low availability of nutrients, with litter being the main route of nutrient entry. The objective of this study was to quantify the biomass of fine roots in the dry and rainy seasons of the year, including the organic carbon of the soil, and to compare the results in different study environments. The study was carried out in environments of native forest and reforestation aged over 20 years, located in the municipality of Humaitá – AM state. To assess the root biomass, collections were carried out in two periods of the year: dry and rainy seasons. In each of the study areas, five trenches, 0.40 m deep by 0.40 m wide, were dug manually at depths of 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm. For the organic carbon analysis, soil samples were collected in the form of clods at the same depths. The production of root biomass in the native forest environment occurred more intensely in the rainy season, reaching values of 8.19 t. ha-1, greater than 3.57 t. ha-1 found in reforestation. The density as a function of the soil volume showed that the highest concentration is found in the first 5 centimeters of depth, differing significantly in the 5-15 and 15-30 cm layers for native forest area. The organic carbon of the soil showed significance between the dry and rainy seasons for the natural forest environments and reforestation with genipap.

scholarly journals Root density and root biomass in pure and mixed forest stands of Douglas-fir and beech

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M.A. Hendriks ◽  
F.J.J.A. Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Rooting Pattern ◽  
Below Ground

Below-ground interactions possibly play an important role in the success of mixed forests. Therefore, root density, root length, root biomass and rooting pattern were surveyed in representative pure and mixed stands of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) in the Veluwe area of central Netherlands. Each type of stand was represented by stands approximately 40 and 70 years old. The study was restricted to fine roots (

Observations on Laspeyresia fletcherana (Kearfott) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) in Montana

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Denton ◽  
Harold R. Dodge
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Poor Site

In November 1958 a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) Christmas tree was received at the Missoula Forest Insect Laboratory with a note that it was infested with an insect that might be causing “Christmas-tree blight.” This term is commonly used by the trade to refer to any condition of foliage that might affect salability or price of Christmas trees. Several types of foliage-feeding insects, as well as fungi or poor site conditions, may cause “blighted” or discolored needles; however, on this tree the infestation proved to be caterpillars tunneling in the bark.

scholarly journals How geographic and climatic factors affect the adaptation of Douglas-fir provenances to the temperate continental climate zone in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Niemczyk ◽  
Daniel J. Chmura ◽  
Jarosław Socha ◽  
Tomasz Wojda ◽  
Piotr Mroczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Continental Climate

AbstractThe contribution of Douglas-fir (Df) to European forests is likely to increase as the species is a potential adaptation option to climate change. In this study, we investigated growth and survival of Df seed sources to fill a knowledge gap regarding recommendations for the future use of Df provenances in Poland. Our experimental test site represents the most continental climate among all Df trials installed in the IUFRO 1966–67 test series in Europe. At this unique single site, we evaluated the performance of 46 Df provenances from North America, and nine local landraces of unknown origin. Repeated measurements of tree diameter, height, and volume were analysed, to age 48, representing integrated responses to geographic and climatic conditions. Significant variation in survival and productivity-related traits were found, with the interior Df provenances performing best, in contrast to previous European reports. The higher survivability and volume of the interior provenances resulted from their superior frost resistance. The low precipitation seasonality at the location of seed origin provided an additional advantage to the trees at the test site. Geographic and climatic factors of seed origin explained most of the variation in productivity (77 and 64%, respectively). The tested landraces exhibited diverse performance, implying that naturalized local seed sources in Poland need improvement and perhaps enrichment with new genetic material from North America, while considering geography and climate. Assisted migration programs should consider the limitations imposed by both frost and drought events in guiding future Df selections for continental climates. Further field testing, early greenhouse screening and DNA testing are also recommended.

scholarly journals Natural durability and improved resistance of 20 Amazonian wood species after 30 years in ground contact

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Nunes Gouveia ◽  
Marcelo Fontana da Silveira ◽  
Alencar Garlet
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Ground Test ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata ◽  
Copper Arsenate

Abstract This study aimed to assess the natural durability of 20 Amazonian wood species preserved with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) after 30 years in ground contact in an experimental field test at National Forest of Tapajós, Pará state - Brazil. Heartwood samples with a cross-section of 5 × 5 cm and 50 cm of length were half-buried in soil and inspected every year for decay. The species were classified according to natural durability following the classification method proposed by Findlay (Findlay, W.P.K. (1985). The nature and durability of wood. In: Findlay, W.P.K. (Ed.), Preservation of timber in the tropics. Springer Science, Whitchurch, pp. 1–13). After 30 years in ground test, six species were classified as Perishable, seven as Non-durable, three as Durable and four as Very durable, namely: Trichilia lecointei, Lecythis pisonis, Pseudopiptadenia suaveolens, and Dipteryx odorata (Very durable), Protium tenuifolium, Dinizia excelsa, and Ormosia paraensis (Durable), Endopleura uchi, Goupia glabra, Pouteria egregia, Tachigali chrysophylla, Tachigali paraensis, Vatairea sericea, and Vochysia maxima (Non-durable) and Chrysophyllum lucentifolium, Couratari oblongifolia, Didymopanax morototoni, Lueheopsis duckeana, Sterculia excelsa, and Xylopia nitida (Perishable). CCA preservative treatment was effective to promote timber protection, even under harsh climatic conditions of the Amazon forest environment.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Virulence of Pythium Species Obtained from Forest Nursery Soils on Douglas-Fir Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry E. Weiland ◽  
Bryan R. Beck ◽  
Anne Davis
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Pythium species are common soilborne oomycetes that occur in forest nursery soils throughout the United States. Numerous species have been described from nursery soils. However, with the exception of P. aphanidermatum, P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum, little is known about the potential for other Pythium species found in nursery soils to cause damping-off of tree seedlings. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of 44 Pythium isolates representing 16 species that were originally recovered from soil at three forest nurseries in Washington and Oregon. Seeds of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were planted into soil infested with each of the isolates. Seedling survival, the number of surviving seedlings with necrotic root lesions, and taproot length were evaluated 4 weeks later. Responses of Douglas-fir to inoculation varied significantly depending on Pythium species and isolate. Eight species (P. dissotocum, P. irregulare, P. aff. macrosporum, P. mamillatum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum) significantly reduced the number of surviving seedlings compared to the noninoculated treatment. However, all Pythium species caused a greater percentage of seedlings to develop root lesions (total mean 40%) than was observed from noninoculated seedlings (17%). Taproot length varied little among Pythium treatments and was not a useful character for evaluating pathogenicity. Results confirm the ability of P. irregulare, P. mamillatum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum to cause damping-off of Douglas-fir seedlings, and are indicative that other species such as P. dissotocum, P. aff. macrosporum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, and P. sylvaticum may also be responsible for seedling loss.

Cylindrocarpon and Fusarium root colonization of Douglas-fir seedlings from British Columbia reforestation sites

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige E Axelrood ◽  
William K Chapman ◽  
Keith A Seifert ◽  
David B Trotter ◽  
Gwen Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans

Poor performance of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations established in 1987 has occurred in southwestern British Columbia. Affected sites were planted with 1-year-old container stock that exhibited some root dieback in the nursery. A study was initiated in 1991 to assess Cylindrocarpon and Fusarium root infection in planted and naturally regenerating (natural) Douglas-fir seedlings from seven affected plantations. Percentages of seedlings harboring Cylindrocarpon spp.and percent root colonization were significantly greater for planted seedlings compared with natural seedlings. A significant linear trend in Cylindrocarpon root colonization was observed for planted seedlings with colonization levels being highest for roots closest to the remnants of the root plug and decreasing at distances greater than 10cm from that region. This trend in Cylindrocarpon colonization was not observed for natural seedlings. Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zins.) Scholten var. destructans and C.cylindroides Wollenw. var. cylindroides were the only species isolated from planted and natural conifer seedlings. For most sites, percentage of seedlings harboring Fusarium spp.and percent Fusarium root colonization were less than for Cylindrocarpon. Recovery of Fusarium spp.from seedlings and root colonization levels were not significantly different for planted and natural seedlings from all sites.

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