scholarly journals Variation and Genetic Control of the Heartwood, Sapwood, Bark, Wood Color Parameter, and Physical and Mechanical Properties of Dipteryx panamensis in Costa Rica

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Dalina Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Róger Moya ◽  
Olman Murillo ◽  
Johana Gaitán-Álvarez ◽  
Yorleny Badilla-Valverde

The Dipteryx genus has a natural distribution throughout several tropical countries in Latin America. This taxon has several tree species, all recognized for their high-density wood. The objective of this research was to study the variation and genetic control of several wood properties, including bark, sapwood, heartwood, green density (GD), specific gravity (SG), moisture content in green condition (MC-G), and mechanical properties, in a Dipteryx panamensis provenance/progeny test at 8 years old. The results showed that bark varied little among families and provenances, but heartwood (diameter and percentage) showed high genetic variation. SG and MC-G showed significant variation between provenances and families, while GD showed little variation. Among the mechanical properties evaluated, the greatest genetic variation was observed in the MOR in bending and shear stress. Families from the Coope San Juan provenance registered the highest values in all wood properties investigated, and families from Puerto Viejo obtained the lowest. Family heritability and the coefficient of genetic variation exhibited high values in heartwood/sapwood and the MOR in bending (h2 > 0.9 and CV > 20%) and lower values in SG, MC-G, compression stress, and shear stress. D. panamensis wood properties have a high potential to be improved through breeding programs.

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Rongjun ◽  
Yao Chunli ◽  
Cheng Xianbao ◽  
Lu Jianxiong ◽  
Fei Benhua ◽  
...  

The anatomical characteristics, chemical composition, and physical and mechanical properties of fast-growing Populus × euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ juvenile wood were investigated. Four- to five-year-old clonal plantation trees were harvested from two different experimental sites in the suburbs of Beijing. The Shunyi site had black alkali soil with a planting density of 4 × 6 m and the Miyun site had sandy loam soil with a planting density of 3 × 5 m. The test results showed that the poplar trees from the two sites were both fast growing, with poplar at Shunyi growing faster than at Miyun. There were no significant differences in wood properties between trees grown at the two sites. Fiber length at breast height varied from 872 to 1300 μm between growth rings, average fiber width varied from 21.0 to 25.5 μm and double wall thickness varied from 5.0 to 6.6 μm. Average cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose contents in the samples were 48.9%, 25.4%, and 18.8%, respectively. MFA was higher in the first two growth rings (20–25°), and then decreased rapidly to 12° close to the bark. The average air-dry density at breast height was 401 kg/m3 while the average MOE at breast height was 9.3 GPa. The trees showed large growth rates in both height and stem diameter during the growing season. However, wood properties of the juvenile poplar appeared to be similar to those of poplars with a slower growth rate.


2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Elias ◽  
AK Das ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MA Islam

This research intends to explore the mechanical and physical properties of waterlogged rain tree (Samanea saman). The variation of mechanical and physical wood properties grown in waterlogged and non-waterlogged area were studied. Four trees of the species were selected from two areas. Important mechanical and physical properties were examined for the wood of two types of trees Oven dry density for the wood of waterlogged tree was 420 kg/m3 whether it was 550 kg/m3 for the wood of non-waterlogged tree. The MOR of wood of waterlogged tree was 58.2 N/mm2 and wood of non-waterlogged tree produced 78.1 N/mm2. The MOE of the wood of waterlogged tree and non-waterlogged tree were 1478 and 4876 N/mm2. The physical and mechanical properties were lower for the wood of waterlogged tree. Such findings may in proper uses of the species.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(1), 49-52, 2017


BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 6921-6932
Author(s):  
Tomislav Sinković ◽  
Branimir Jambreković ◽  
Tomislav Sedlar

The interpretation and presentation of research on the physical and mechanical properties of wood in the radial direction is important for the estimation of technological properties in primary wood processing. It is common practice to define the boundary between the juvenile and mature wood zone of tree growth because of the differences in wood properties in these two zones. The juvenile and mature wood zones can be determined statistically based on the significance of the difference in the properties in a particular zone. This paper presents the insufficiency in the statistical determination of the boundary between juvenile and adult wood. Such limitations detract from the potential value and technological exploitation of wood as raw material. Statistical tests yielded zones that were too wide for the transition of juvenile wood to mature wood. Representations of the distribution of properties in the radial direction also complement the knowledge for assessing the technological properties based on the researched use of the presentation of polynomials of the second degree and the display of the Tukey HSD test in the form of comparison tables. The graphical representations by groups of the tested annual rings of fir wood also help to assess the technological properties.


1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
UK Rokeya ◽  
M Akter Hossain ◽  
M Rowson Ali ◽  
SP Paul

The physical and mechanical properties of hybrid Acacia, produced from natural crossing between two introduced timber species (Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium) were studied. The timber hybrid Acacia is of medium dense having specific gravity 0.56 at green condition which is less than that of teak (Tectona grandis). The volumetric shrinkage of hybrid Acacia wood was found greater than that of teak but the specific gravity was found less than that of teak. From the study of physical and mechanical properties it is evident that the species is moderately strong. The species is suitable for making furniture and other household articles. Key words: Hybrid Acacia; Specific gravity; Physical properties; Mechanical properties DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i2.6864Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 2, 181-187, 2010


Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097
Author(s):  
José Clailson Franco Coelho ◽  
Graziela Baptista Vidaurre ◽  
João Gabriel Missia da Silva ◽  
Maria Naruna Felix de Almeida ◽  
Ramon Ferreira Oliveira ◽  
...  

AbstractThe relationship between grain angle and wood properties has not been focus of researches in wood industry. The aim of this study was to establish grain angle variations in commercial Eucalyptus logs and their effects on physical-mechanical wood properties. Wood maximum angular deviation (MAD) was correlated with density, volumetric shrinkage, compressive strength parallel to grain, flexural strength and stiffness as determined by bending and acoustic methods in wood of seven Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones at 13 years old. The relationship between MAD at pith-bark and base-top positions and its effect on the physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. Amplitude of MAD values was small for the seven clones, and the mean was 6.2°. The grain deviation decreased by only 8% in base-top direction, and the correlations among MAD and three logs heights were small and negative (r = −0.13). MAD values presented an increasing trend of 33% in pith-bark direction, with a small positive correlation (r = 0.42). Basic density (BD) presented a significant correlation with the MAD (r = 26). There was no significant correlation between the MAD and volumetric shrinkage, mechanical properties and modulus of elasticity dynamic (determined by stress wave timer, ultrasound or transverse vibration).


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Fanny Hidayati ◽  
Sri Sunarti ◽  
Teguh Setiaji ◽  
Arif Nirsatmanto

Red jabon is one of the fast growing species. It is growth well in tropical countries. It has a potential to fulfill the demand of wood. Tree imrovement program of this species has been done in Indonesia. However, information of wood properties related to tree improvement program of red jabon is limited. Therefore, wood properties such as physical and mechanical properties of this species at the progeny trial were needed to clarify. The aims of this research were to clarify the variation of physical and mechanical properties of red jabon from 5 families at5-year-old planted in Wonogiri, Central Java and relationship between air-dry density and mechanical properties. As the result, physical and mechanical properties were varied among 5 families. Based on the results, famili number 85 performed good result of physical and mechanical characteristics, eventhough the physical properties were not highest among 5 families but it was abouf the average value. Furthermore, this family showed the best values of all mechanichal characteristics tested. In addition, air-dry density has highly positive significantcorrelation with mechanical properties (static bending strength and compressive strength parallel to grain), suggesting that mechanical properties can be predicted by air-dried density.


2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Baptista Vidaurre ◽  
Benedito Rocha Vital ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira ◽  
José Tarcísio da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Jordão Cabral Moulin ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Growth in world demand for wood implies a search for new fast growing species with silvicultural potential, and in this scenario for native species such as Paricá . Thus, the objective of this study was determining the physical and mechanical wood properties of the Schizolobium amazonicum species (known as Paricá in Brazil). Trees were collected from commercial plantations located in the north of Brazil with ages of 5, 7, 9 and 11 years. Four logs from trees of each age in the longitudinal direction of the trees were obtained, and later a diametrical plank of each log was taken to manufacture the specimens which were used to evaluate some physical and mechanical properties of the wood. The basic density of Paricá was reduced in the basetop direction and no difference between the radial positions was observed, while the average basic density of this wood was characterized as low. The region close to the bark showed less longitudinal contraction and also greater homogeneity of this property along the trunk, while for tangential contraction the smallest variation was found in the region near the pith. Paricá wood contraction was characterized as low. Age influenced most of the mechanical properties, where logs from the base had the highest values of mechanical strength.


2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
J Alam ◽  
AK Das ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MA Islam

This study is aimed to assess the mechanical and physical properties of waterlogging Acacia nilotica (babla). The important physical and mechanical properties were determined. The oven dry density of the wood of waterlogged tree and non-waterlogged tree was 780 and 850kg/m3. The MOR of the wood of waterlogged tree was 117N/mm2 while non-waterlogged tree showed the value of MOR 127N/mm2. The MOE of the wood of waterlogged tree and non-waterlogged tree was 1880 and 1950 N/mm2 respectively. The study of properties on A. nilotica wood grown in different conditions will help to choose the right type of its wood for suitable purposes.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(2), 71-76, 2015


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e421101119746
Author(s):  
Pedro Augusto Fonseca Lima ◽  
Cassiano Pacheco da Silva ◽  
Fernando Nunes Gouveia ◽  
Gabriela Bertoni Belini ◽  
Elias Ricardo Durango Padilla ◽  
...  

The use of Chromated Copper Borate (CCB) for wood treatment is known with several studies on a laboratory scale. However, there is a lack of field studies to analyze the effect of the CCB over time. This study aimed to evaluate the wood properties of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake x Eucalyptus grandis W. Mill ex Maiden (called E. urograndis), treated with CCB as well evaluate the leaching of chromium, copper and bore (Cr/Cu/B) in field test. The field experiment, with wood treated and untreated (no CCB application), was installed in 2016 and remained until 2018. Wood physico-mechanical properties were evaluated for each condition (treated and untreated) and at three different time: at 0, 1 and 2 years of field exposure. The elements (Cr/Cu/B) losses (leaching) were determined by the difference in the quantification of each element retained in the wood (retention), from year 0 (amount of original elements) in relation to years 1 and 2 of field exposure. The preservative treatment of E. urograndis wood with CCB was efficient to maintain its physical and mechanical properties (mass loss, basic density, rupture and elasticity modulus) during the 2 years of field exposure. The E. urograndis wood without CCB treatment showed reductions in the physical-mechanical properties, indicating their low natural durability. High leaching (close to 100%) for boron was observed. In addition, the total of CCB retention has not changed (statistically) after 2 years.


Author(s):  
Tomáš Kolář ◽  
Michal Rybníček

The paper deals with the examination of physical and mechanical properties of subfossil wood of oak (Quercus, sp.). The issue of establishing physical and mechanical properties of subfossil oak wood has not yet been addressed in the area of the Czech Republic. The main objective is to find out what changes to subfossil wood properties have occurred in comparison with recent wood. For these purposes, samples from three locations were taken (gravel pit Tovačov – district Přerov, gravel pit Kostomlátky – district Nymburk, and the Bečva basin near Osek nad Bečvou). All of the selected properties were tested in compliance with relevant valid Czech technical norms (ČSN). The results provide us with a realistic picture of the properties of wood that has been deposited under the ground in very specific conditions for thousands of years. With regard to density, the results do not show any definite changes. The dimensions of subfossil wood are approximately doubled in comparison with recent wood. On the other hand, there is an obvious decrease in mechanical properties. The paper also offers the results of dendrochronological or radiocarbon dating of the trunks.


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