In Vitro Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Activity of Edible Insects Flours (Mealworm and Grasshopper) Fermented with Lactococcus lactis Strains

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) activity of edible insect flours fermented with Lactococcus lactis strains. For the fermentation, mealworm and grasshoppers flours were dissolved (0.5% w/v) in buffer solution (pH 7.0) and individually inoculated (3%) with Lactococcus lactis strains (NRRL B-50571, NRRL B-50572). The samples were incubated for 72 h at 30 °C, and the pH was recorded. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) and protein content were determined. The total polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP), and ACEI of the <3 kDa fractions were analyzed. The pH of the fermented samples decreased to 3.5–3.9 (p < 0.05). The fermented grasshopper flour showed an increased DH (0.42%) and overall higher total polyphenol content (8.23 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/mL). In general, the highest antioxidant activity was for the grasshopper fractions fermented for 24 h by Lactococcus lactis NRRL B-50572, which also showed 23.47% ACEI inhibition with an IC50 of 0.97 mg/mL. The peptide profile obtained increased after fermentation, being higher for the mealworm flour fermented sample. This study presents, for the first time, the use of specific strains of Lactococus lactis for fermenting edible insect-derived products in the production of bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant and antihypertensive activity.

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Characterization, ACE inhibitory and Antioxidative Properties of Peptide Fractions Obtained from White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407217666210921110857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Latorres ◽

Wilson Wasielesky Jr ◽

Carlos Prentice

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Protein Hydrolysates ◽

Raw Material ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Antihypertensive Activity ◽

Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽

Peptide Fractions ◽

Ace Inhibitory

Background: Aquatic organisms are considered to be an important source of bioactive peptides with a high antioxidant and antihypertensive capacity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to hydrolyse peptide fractions from white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) muscle by Alcalase and Protamex and to evaluate the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and the antioxidant activities. Methods: Protein hydrolysates of White shrimp were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using Alcalase and Protamex until the degree of hydrolysis reached 10% and 20%. Peptide fractions were obtained from White shrimp protein hydrolysates by ultrafiltration using membranes with sizes of 10 and 3 kDa. The antioxidant activity was evaluated for the three peptide fractions (F1: >10 kDa, F2: 3-10 kDa and F3: <3 kDa). To measure the antihypertensive activity, fractions with molecular sizes of less than 3 kDa were used. Results: The fractions obtained with Alcalase showed greater inhibitory effects on the ACE. In general, the molecular weight of the fractions influenced the antioxidant activity, with fractions smaller than 3 kDa having a high capacity for sequestering the DPPH radical, while peptide fractions with a size greater than 10 kDa presented higher reducing power. However, in capturing the ABTS radical, a high antioxidant capacity was observed for both fractions. Conclusion: The results suggest white shrimp would be an attractive raw material for the manufacture of antioxidant and anti-hypertensive nutraceutical ingredients.

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ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECT OF RUTIN: PHARMACOLOGICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i18.34118 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 87-92

Author(s):

GANGA RAJU M ◽

PREM PRASAD GOUD ◽

SUVARCHALA REDDY NVL

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽

Binding Affinity ◽

Antihypertensive Effect ◽

Antihypertensive Activity ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition ◽

Converting Enzyme ◽

Vitro Assay

Objective: Phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, have aroused great scientific interest due to their diverse pharmacological activities. Several studies suggested that flavonoids act as antihypertensive by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). In the present study, rutin, which is a citrus flavonoid, was evaluated for its antihypertensive activity using in vivo and in vitro models. Rutin was screened for in vitro assay procedures such as diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) for its antioxidant activity. Methods: Its antihypertensive effect was investigated in Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride-induced hypertensive rats, and various parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate were measured; in vitro ACE inhibitory activity was carried out against ACE, aiming at a better understanding of the interaction of this flavonoid with the enzyme. To understand its binding affinity with the angiotensin-converting enzyme, molecular docking studies were carried out using ligand fit of Maestro 9.1 (Schrodinger Software Inc.). An in silico study of rutin was performed for the prediction of Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) by utilizing a web-based program (www.swissadme.ch). This software computes physicochemical descriptors as well as predicts pharmacokinetic properties and drug-like nature of one or multiple small molecules (blood–brain barrier, cytochromes P450, and P-glycoproteins). Results: Rutin at different dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg was tested, and the results have shown its antihypertensive, hypotensive, and negative chronotropic effects. Its antihypertensive activity might be mediated through angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (half maximal inhibitory concentration=66.01 μg/mL). In vitro studies also revealed the antioxidant activity of rutin, thus playing a major role in reducing oxidative stress associated with hypertension. The rutin showed optimum binding affinity with a molecular target (angiotensin-converting-enzyme) with the binding energy of −9.0 kcal/mol as compared to the standard (−6.3 kcal/mol). These results indicated that rutin is one of the potential ligands to treat hypertension. ADME results revealed the three violations of rutin (such as molecular mass, hydrogen donor, and acceptors) of five, and the standard captopril has got zero violations which clearly indicated the probability for its higher oral bioavailability. Conclusion: From the above, it is concluded that rutin possesses antioxidant and antihypertensive activities.

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Bioactivity of Cooked Standard and Enriched Whole Eggs from White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red in Exhibiting In-Vitro Antioxidant and ACE-Inhibitory Effects

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4232

Author(s):

Emerson Nolasco ◽

Mike Naldrett ◽

Sophie Alvarez ◽

Philip E. Johnson ◽

Kaustav Majumder

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Rhode Island ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Antihypertensive Activity ◽

Cooking Methods ◽

White Leghorn ◽

Peptide Profile ◽

Whole Egg ◽

Ace Inhibitory

Hen breed, diet enrichment, cooking methods, and gastrointestinal (GI) digestion modulates the bioaccessibility of the bioactive compounds in eggs, but their synergistic role in modulating bioactivity is still unclear. The present study evaluates the effect of hen breed, diet enrichment, and GI digestion on the cooked whole egg-derived peptides in-vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Standard and enriched whole eggs from White Leghorn (WLH) and Rhode Island Red (RIR) hens were boiled or fried and subjected to GI digestion. Antioxidant activity was measured through oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and gastrointestinal epithelial cell-based assays, and the antihypertensive capacity by in-vitro Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibition assay. WLH fried standard egg hydrolysate showed a high ORAC antioxidant activity but failed to show any significant antioxidant effect in the cell-based assay. No significant differences were observed in the antihypertensive activity, although enriched samples tended to have a higher ACE-inhibitory capacity. The peptide profile explained the antioxidant capacities based on antioxidant structural requirements from different peptide fractions, while previously reported antihypertensive peptides were found in all samples. The study validates the importance of physiologically relevant models and requires future studies to confirm mechanisms that yield bioactive compounds in whole egg hydrolysates.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2019.4.1 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

Hai Trieu Ly ◽

Tuan Anh Vo ◽

Viet Hong Phong Nguyen ◽

Thi My Sa Pham ◽

Bich Thao Lam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

Punica Granatum L

Background: The natural antioxidants have an important role in the prevention of many diseases. The aim of study is to investigate phytochemical components, antioxidant activity and acute oral toxicity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peel (PFP) extract. Materials and methods: Phytochemicals of PFP were determined by qualitative chemical tests, thin layer chromatography, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. The PFP extract was evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH assay and MDA assay. In vivo acute oral toxicity test was conducted using Karber-Behrens method to determine LD50. Results: Results illustrated that PFP mainly contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenes, saponins, and coumarins. PFP extract exhibited the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents with 189.97 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 9.42 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities of PFP extract were expressed with IC50 value of 4.80 μg/mL and 0.38 μg/ mL, sequentially. Simultaneously, the Dmax (the maximum dose administered to mice that no toxicity was observed) of PFP extract was determined to be 21.28 g/kg, equivalent to 35.64 g dried herb. Conclusion: The PFP extract is relatively safe and revealed high antioxidant activity. Key words: Punica granatum L.; polyphenols; flavonoids; gallic acid; quercetin; antioxidant activity; acute oral toxicity

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Variation of Phytochemicals Content in Pulp and Skin of Seven Romanian Apple Cultivars

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.3.5481 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 474-477

Author(s):

Lacramioara Oprica ◽

Doina Atofanei ◽

Vladimir Poroch

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Colour Intensity ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

Valuable Source ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Apple Fruits

The amounts of anthocyanins, flavonoids, total polyphenol and ascorbic acid in seven apple cultivars from Romania were investigated. The amounts of polyphenol and flavonoids in pulp and skin of apple cultivars ranged between 17.18�7.52 mg GAE/g DW and 20.10�11.06 mg CE/g DW as well as 3.64�1.18 mg GAE/g DW and 10.31�5.57 mg CE/g DW, respectively. The highest and smallest values of ascorbic acid both in the skin and the pulp were observed in the cultivars Mutsu and Starkrimson. The anthocyanin content is positively correlated with the colour intensity of the apple epicarp, being about three-fold higher in Prima than Golden Delicious cultivar. The better antioxidant activity provided by the content of polyphenol, ascorbic acid and flavonoids was in apple fruits of Mutsu cultivar and for this reason it should be regarded as a valuable source of antioxidants.

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Detection of Hepatitis a Virus in Drinking Water by Enzyme -Immunoassay Using Ultracentrifugation for Virus Concentration

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1985.0093 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 39-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Schnattinger

Keyword(s):

Membrane Filtration ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Virus Concentration ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Two Stage

Ten litres of tapwater were seeded with 200 µl (8×108 HAV particles) of a commercial (Organon Teknika) suspension of hepatitis A virus. Following WALTER and RÜDIGER (1981), the contaminated tapwater was treated with a two-stage technique for concentration of viruses from solutions with low virus titers. The two-stage technique consists of aluminium hydroxideflocculation (200 mg/l Al2(SO4)3. 18 H2O, pH 5,4-5,6) as first stage, the second stage of a lysis of aluminium hydroxidegel with citric acid/sodium citrate-buffer (pH 4,7; 1 ml/l sample), separation of viruses from the lysate by ultracentrifugation and suspension in 1 ml phosphate buffer solution (pH 7,2). A commercial solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of HAV. HAV was detecterl in the 10.000:1 concentrates, but not in the seeded 101 samples. Approximately 4×108 of the inoculated 8×108 HAV particles were found in the 1 ml concentrates. The efficiency of detection is about 50%, the virus concentration 5000-fold. Although the percentage loss of HAV in comparison with concentration by means of membrane filtration is similar, the ultracentrifugation method yields a larger sample/concentrate ratio, so that smaller amounts of HAV can be detected more efficiently because of the smaller end-volume.

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Development and Validation of Stability Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Impurities in the Sterile Mixture of Cefoperazone and Sulbactam

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412914666180914163419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 762-775

Author(s):

Ramu Ivaturi ◽

Thuttagunta Manikya Sastry ◽

Satyaveni Sunkara

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Estimation ◽

Ammonium Hydroxide ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Forced Degradation ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽

Stability Indicating ◽

Validation Parameters ◽

Abdominal Infections

Background: Cefoperazone Sulbactam injection is a cephalosporin antibiotic with a β- lactamase inhibitor used in the treatment for intra abdominal infections, Urinary track infections, surgical infections, etc. The combination is not official in any of the pharmacopeia for their content and impurities determination. Introduction: The present study involves the development of a simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the quantitative estimation of Cefoperazone Sulbactam mixture and its impurities in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methods: 0.005 M Tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide buffer solution pH adjusted to 6.80 and Acetonitrile combination has been used in a gradient programme with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The retention time of Cefoperazone and Sulbactam were observed at around 8.5 and 19.5 minutes respectively. The UV detection was carried out at a wavelength of 230 nm. The chromatographic separation was achieved using Waters xbridge C18-150*4.6 mm, 3.5 µm HPLC column. The method has been validated according to the current International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for the method validation parameters such as Specificity, linearity, range, accuracy, precision, robustness and sensitivity. Results: The validation results indicate that the method is specific, as the known impurities and other impurities formed during the forced degradation studies were not co-eluting with the main components. Moreover, all these impurities were found to be spectrally pure, proving the stability indicating power of the method. The linearity and range of the method is in the range of 0.01-150%, highly accurate (100.2%), precise (<1%) and robust. Conclusion: The proposed method was accurate and specific for the quantitative analysis of Cefoperazone and Sulbactam and their related impurities in the sterile mixture. Hence the proposed method can be used for the quantification of impurities in routine as well as stability analysis in the development as well as quality control laboratories.

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Non-enzymatic determination of purine nucleotides using a carbon dot modified glassy carbon electrode

Analytical Methods ◽

10.1039/c9ay00718k ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (30) ◽

pp. 3866-3873 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Karthikeyan ◽

D. James Nelson ◽

S. Abraham John

Keyword(s):

Glassy Carbon ◽

Low Cost ◽

Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽

Purine Nucleotides ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Carbon Dot ◽

Enzymatic Determination ◽

Sensitive Determination

Selective and sensitive determination of one of the purine nucleotides, inosine (INO) using a low cost carbon dot (CD) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2) was demonstrated in this paper.

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Changes in major catechins, caffeine, and antioxidant activity during CTC processing of black tea from North East India

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra09529j ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 11457-11467

Author(s):

Himangshu Deka ◽

Podma Pollov Sarmah ◽

Arundhuti Devi ◽

Pradip Tamuly ◽

Tanmoy Karak

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Black Tea ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

North East India ◽

North East

Changes in catechins, caffeine, total polyphenol, theaflavins, and antioxidant activity during CTC processing of black tea from North East India cultivar were studied. Total polyphenol decreased up to 37% with the formation of theaflavins up to 1.8%.

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