scholarly journals Distinct Particle Films Impacts on Olive Leaf Optical Properties and Plant Physiology

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
Annalisa Rotondi ◽  
Lucia Morrone ◽  
Osvaldo Facini ◽  
Barbara Faccini ◽  
Giacomo Ferretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Leaf Optical Properties ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Distinct Particle

The olive fruit fly is worldwide considered a major harmful pest of the olive agroecosystem. In Italy, the fruit fly infestation is traditionally countered by spraying chemical insecticides (e.g., dimethoate), but due to the recent ban of dimethoate by the Reg EU2019/1090 and the increasing awareness of consumers of food sustainability, the interest in developing chemical-free alternatives to pesticides, such as the use of particle-films, is rising. A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different particle films (kaolin-base and zeolitite-base) on leaf gas exchanges and leaf optical properties. Results showed that with the dust accumulation on the leaves’ surface, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and water use efficiency were significantly lower in kaolin-treated olive trees compared to those treated with zeolitite and to the control, while olive trees treated with zeolitite showed physiological parameters similar to the untreated plants. Microstructural differences of different particle film on the leaf and olive surfaces emerged by ESEM observations also influenced leaf optical properties. Oils produced by zeolitite-treated plants show higher intensities of gustatory and olfactory secondary flavors compared to kaolin and test oils.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the incidence of olive fruit fly, olive leaf spot and olive anthracnose in two olive cultivars grown in rainfed conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 108658
Author(s):  
M. Ângelo Rodrigues ◽  
Valentim Coelho ◽  
Margarida Arrobas ◽  
Eugénia Gouveia ◽  
Soraia Raimundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Olive Cultivars

Green detection of the olive fruit fly pest by the direct determination of its sexual pheromone

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 7228-7233 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Alcudia-León ◽  
Soledad Cárdenas ◽  
Miguel Valcárcel ◽  
Rafael Lucena
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Sexual Pheromone ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
Olive Trees

Bactrocera oleaeGmelin, the olive fruit fly, is considered a serious pest in the cultivation of olive trees since the larvae feed on the fruit damaging the productivity and quality of the final products (olive fruit and olive oil).

scholarly journals Foliar gas exchange, fruit quality and water use efficiency of cape Gooseberry under different irrigation depths and mulching at greenhouse conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Augusto Agnellos Barbosa ◽  
Ricardo Antonio Ayub ◽  
Ângela da Luz ◽  
Isabela Leticia Pessenti ◽  
André Belmont Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Cape Gooseberry ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer ◽  
Fruit Mass

Abstract The current study aimed at evaluating gas exchanges, yield, water use efficiency and fruit quality of cape gooseberry in response to different irrigation depths with or without mulching of oat residues on pots at greenhouse conditions. Four irrigation depths were tested: 50%, 100%, 125% e 150% of reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Leaf gas exchanges were evaluated by an infrared gas analyzer at different stages of the crop. Throughout the harvest, yield per plant and yield components were assessed in conjunction with water-use efficiency (WUE) and fruit quality responses. Stomata conductance at the flowering and fructification stages showed a smaller limitation under the treatments 125 and 150%ETo. It should be noticed that the aforementioned treatments increased in 83% fresh fruit mass per plant in comparison to 50%ETo. We found a higher instantaneous water-use efficiency throughout flowering under 150%ETo, as well as at the fructification under 125%ETo treatments. Nevertheless, under 125%ETo conditions without mulching the greatest WUE was found, whereas the lowest WUE was obtained under the 50%ETo treatment with no mulching. The treatment 125%ETo resulted in the highest SS and pH, whilst the treatment 150%ETo with mulching evidenced the highest Ratio along with the lowest total acidity observed.

scholarly journals Plant ecophysiological processes in spectral profiles: perspective from a deciduous broadleaf forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hibiki M. Noda ◽  
Hiroyuki Muraoka ◽  
Kenlo Nishida Nasahara
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Broadleaf Forest ◽  
Leaf Optical Properties ◽  
Deciduous Broadleaf Forest

AbstractThe need for progress in satellite remote sensing of terrestrial ecosystems is intensifying under climate change. Further progress in Earth observations of photosynthetic activity and primary production from local to global scales is fundamental to the analysis of the current status and changes in the photosynthetic productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. In this paper, we review plant ecophysiological processes affecting optical properties of the forest canopy which can be measured with optical remote sensing by Earth-observation satellites. Spectral reflectance measured by optical remote sensing is utilized to estimate the temporal and spatial variations in the canopy structure and primary productivity. Optical information reflects the physical characteristics of the targeted vegetation; to use this information efficiently, mechanistic understanding of the basic consequences of plant ecophysiological and optical properties is essential over broad scales, from single leaf to canopy and landscape. In theory, canopy spectral reflectance is regulated by leaf optical properties (reflectance and transmittance spectra) and canopy structure (geometrical distributions of leaf area and angle). In a deciduous broadleaf forest, our measurements and modeling analysis of leaf-level characteristics showed that seasonal changes in chlorophyll content and mesophyll structure of deciduous tree species lead to a seasonal change in leaf optical properties. The canopy reflectance spectrum of the deciduous forest also changes with season. In particular, canopy reflectance in the green region showed a unique pattern in the early growing season: green reflectance increased rapidly after leaf emergence and decreased rapidly after canopy closure. Our model simulation showed that the seasonal change in the leaf optical properties and leaf area index caused this pattern. Based on this understanding we discuss how we can gain ecophysiological information from satellite images at the landscape level. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of ecophysiological remote sensing by satellites.

scholarly journals Effects of different types of shelter on physiology and growth of Sangiovese vines during the first year after planting

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Giovan Battista Mattii ◽  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Sofia Sbraci ◽  
Francesca Paoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Circular Section ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sprout Growth

In the early stages of planting, the shelter can provide for young vines protection against damage of various kinds. Despite their widespread use, few surveys have been devoted to the study of innovative shelter types and the possible influence of these protections on the physiology and development of plants. In the present experiment, which took place in 2017 in a Tuscan winery, the effects of vine protections by the company OSO (Prato) on single leaf gas exchanges and on the shoot growth in the first year of planting were studied. Three types of shelters with a circular section (completely perforated, partially perforated and closed) have been compared with the traditional full-wall shelters with square section. During the growing season, sprout growth measures, leaf area, leaf gas exchanges and water potential were carried out on the young vines. At the end of the season, shoots were sampled to measure the dry matter accumulated during the season. Among the shelters taken into consideration, it emerges that the completely perforated type guarantees the best development, with differences that are almost always significant for most of the measured parameters with traditional shelters. On the contrary, the closed typology has led to a reduction in growth, in gas exchanges and in water potential. In conclusion, the type completely perforated could constitute a valid alternative to the traditional one because, besides being a useful means for the protection of the vine, it could benefit the development of the root system in the early stages of growth.

scholarly journals The genetics of Dacus oleae: III. Amount of variation at two esterase loci in a Greek population

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zouros ◽  
C. B. Krimbas
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Allele Frequency Distribution ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Dacus Oleae ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Selective Neutrality ◽  
Esterase Loci ◽  
Silent Allele

Two polymorphic esterase loci, EstA and EstB, of the olive-fruit fly Dacus oleae were studied in a natural population. The analysis of about 500 individuals revealed the presence of 15 alleles for EstA and 12 alleles for EstB. A ‘silent’ allele was found segregating at both loci. Segregation data for most of the alleles are presented. The allele frequency distribution follows the same pattern at both loci: one allele of each gene has a frequency of nearly 0·50, a few have frequencies between 0·05 and 0·15 and many are below 0·05. Two main hypotheses, those of overdominance and selective neutrality, were examined in order to explain these polymorphisms. We deduced that under both hypotheses a relatively high mutation rate is necessary to balance the result of random drift. This rate was estimated to be higher than 4 × 10−5 for the EstA locus. Since homozygotes for the ‘silent’ allele at the first or at the second locus were found in the population in expected frequencies, it was concluded that these alleles are not inferior to active ones under natural conditions.

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