scholarly journals Influence of the Degumming Process Parameters on the Formation of Glyceryl Esters and 3-MCPDE in Refined Palm Oil: Optimization and Palm Oil Quality Analyses

Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saiful Nidzam ◽  
Md. Sohrab Hossain ◽  
Norli Ismail ◽  
Razam Abdul Latip ◽  
Muhammad Khalish Mohammad Ilias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rbd Palm Oil ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Concentration

The presence of glyceryl esters (GE) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) in refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm oil is severely concerning to the palm oil consumer. In the present study, the influence of the phosphoric acid degumming process on the formation of GE and 3-MCDE and in the RBD palm oil was determined with varying the acid dose (0.03–0.06 wt%), temperature (70–100 °C), and reaction time (15–45 min). The experimental conditions of the acid degumming process were designed following the central composite design of experiments, and they were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the minimal formation of GE and 3-MCDE in the RBD palm oil. The optimal experimental conditions of the acid degumming process were a reaction time of 30 min, phosphoric acid concentration of 0.06 wt%, and temperature of 90 °C. Under these experimental conditions, the minimal GE and 3-MCDE formation in RBD palm oil were determined to be 0.61 mg/kg and 0.59 mg/kg; respectively. Several analytical methods were employed to determine RBD palm oil quality, including color, phosphorus, free fatty acids (FFAs), peroxide values, and fatty acid properties. It was found that the phosphoric acid degumming of CPO effectively removed the phosphorus and hydroperoxide content without conceding the quality of palm oil.

scholarly journals A Review on the Quality of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) Produced Locally in Imo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 40-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enyoh Christian Ebere ◽  
Verla Andrew Wirnkor ◽  
Enyoh Emmanuel Chinedu ◽  
Verla Evelyn Ngozi
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Open Access Journals

Over 70 % inhabitants of Imo state pend on palm oil for their cooking, frying etc. The study reviews available data on palm oil quality produced locally in Imo state with a view of providing up-to-date information and identify research gaps that could have health consequences on consumers. Peer reviewed scientific articles were reviewed and a meta-analysis of four different scientific research databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Directory for Open-Access Journals was conducted. The result showed that palm oil produced locally in Imo state has average of pH (4.73), acid value (28.3 mg/KOH), FFA (14.15 mg/KOH), smoke point (115°C), iodine value (1.68 wijj’s), saponification value (197.07 mgKOH/g), ester value (168.77), moisture content (0.44 %), density (0.89 g/ml), SG (0.91), peroxide value (17.75 mEq./kg), refractive index (1.46oBx) and viscocity (60.04 cps). Overall palm oil is highly degraded and of poor quality since major quality indicators are not within Nigerian Industrial Standard and Standard Organization of Nigeria. Also, there is a dearth of information/data available on quality of palm oil produced locally in Imo state especially on its microbial status. Food scientist should look in that direction to enhance proper understanding of the quality of palm oil.

scholarly journals Perubahan Mutu Minyak Kelapa dan Minyak Sawit Selama Penggorengan

Buletin Palma ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
STEIVIE KAROUW ◽  
CHANDRA INDRAWANTO
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Thermal Reactions ◽  
Frying Process ◽  
Fatty Acid Peroxide

<p>Abstrak</p><p>Proses penggorengan akan menyebabkan perubahan mutu minyak akibat reaksi hidrolisis, oksidasi dan proses termal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan mutu  minyak kelapa dan minyak sawit selama penggorengan. Minyak kelapa dan minyak sawit masing-masing digunakan untuk menggoreng kentang pada suhu 170°C selama 15 menit. Minyak tersebut digunakan untuk 3 kali penggorengan. Pada akhir penggorengan dilakukan pengambilan sampel minyak untuk dievaluasi kadar air, kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida dan bilangan TBA (Tiobarbituric acid). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum penggorengan minyak kelapa dan minyak sawit memiliki kadar air yang hampir sama, tetapi kadar asam lemak bebas, angka peroksida dan TBA minyak kelapa lebih rendah dibanding minyak sawit. Selama penggorengan minyak kelapa dan minyak sawit menunjukkan pola perubahan kadar air yang hampir sama. Pada 1 kali dan 2 kali penggorengan kadar asam lemak bebas, angka peroksida dan angka TBA minyak kelapa dan minyak sawit cenderung berfluktuasi. Pada 3 kali penggorengan minyak kelapa memiliki kadar asam lemak bebas,  angka  peroksida  dan  angka  TBA  yang  lebih  rendah  dibandingkan  minyak  sawit.  Hasil  yang  diperoleh menunjukkan   bahwa   minyak   kelapa  lebih   stabil   terhadap   reaksi   oksidasi   dibanding   minyak   sawit   selama penggorengan.</p><p> </p><p>Pattern of Coconut Oil and Palm Oil Quality During Frying</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p> </p><p>Frying was a process which affected the quality of oil due to hydrolysis, oxidation and thermal reactions. The aim of the research was to study the quality pattern of coconut oil and palm oil quality during frying. The oils were utilized to fry french fries at 170°C for 15 minutes and then used in frying process for 3 times. Samples of oil were taken at the end of each frying period and analyzed for its moisture, free fatty acid, peroxide and TBA (tiobarbituric acid) values. The results showed that, coconut oil and palm oil having similary moisture content before and during frying. Otherwise free fatty acid, peroxide and TBA values at coconut oil lower then palm oil. During 1 and 2 times of frying period these two oils showed fluctuation in free fatty acid, peroxide and TBA values. During 3 times of frying, coconut oil contained free fatty acid, peroxide and TBA value lower than palm oi. Thus, we consider that coconut oil was more stable to oxidation compared to palm oil during frying</p>

Modelling, Optimization and Green Metrics Evaluation of Bio-Catalytic Synthesis of Biodiesel

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Rasheed Owolabi ◽  
Mohammed Usman ◽  
Adefunmilayo Anuoluwapo ◽  
Onyekachi Oguamanam
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Experimental Runs

The response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted in ths study to evaluate the influence, interplay and interaction of various process variables on the biodiesel yield using methanol and castor oil as feedstocks in the presence of bovine bones as bio-catalyst.Twenty experimental runs were designed using central composite design (CCD). RSM statistical model of second order was developed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were performed on the model to find the relative influence of the process variables. An optimum yield of 95.12% was obtained at 60 0C reaction temperature, 120 minutes reaction time, molar to oil ratio 6:1, catalyst concentration of 10 % w and a stirring rate of 900 rpm. The experimental conditions under which biodiesel was synthesized in this study was compared with those of previous studies .It can therefore be inferred that , the conditions herein is competing with prior established conditions. The biodiesel was found to possess fuel properties that fall within acceptable limits and green metrics estimated showed compliance of the process with the diictates of green and sustainable chemistry.

scholarly journals ANALISIS QUALITY CONTROL MUTU MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT DI PT. PERKEBUNAN LEMBAH BHAKTI ACEH SINGKIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
A Company

This study aims to determine the analysis of the quality control of palm oil quality in PT. Lembah Bhakti Aceh Singkil Plantation. The function of implementing quality control is to control the quality of the initial input in the form of completion of raw materials, the production process, to the process of output of finished goods. This study uses several methods, namely filtration and titration. The average quality of palm oil at FFA levels ranges from 3.39 to 4.97 with a max.3 standard, a moisture content ranging from 0.12 to 0.3% with a max standard. 0.2%, and impurities levels ranged from 0.015-0.025% with the max standard. 0.02%. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the measurement of quality control that is carried out is very influential in product quality, so that it can affect the income. Where the income of a company depends on the CPO oil selling price in PMKS PT. Perkebunan Lembah Bhakti. The selling value in marketing is very dependent on the quality of the CPO.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN BILANGAN PEROKSIDA MINYAK RBD (REFINED BLEACHED DEODORIZED) OLEIN PT. PHPO DENGAN METODE TITRASI IODOMETRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Yeniza ◽  
Anjar Purba Asmara
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Peroxide Number ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Rbd Palm Oil ◽  
Olein Oil

This study aims to determine the quality of RBD olein produced by PT. PHPO according to the peroxide number which refers to SNI 01-3741-2002. The sample used is a yellow liquid fraction obtained by fractionation of RBD palm oil or crude palm oil CPO which has undergone a refining process. The sample was analyzed using the iodometric titration method. The results of the calculation of the average peroxide number of RBD olein oil is 0.282 mg O2 / 100 g. Based on these data, Olein RBD oil meets the company quality standard and SNI 01-3741-2002.

scholarly journals Pemurnian Gliserol dari Hasil Samping Produksi Biodiesel Minyak Kelapa Sawit (Purification of Glycerol from the By-Product of Palm Oil Biodiesel Production)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Fahrizal Hazra ◽  
Irfan Septiawan
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Concentration ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

The process of making biodiesel made of palm oil produced as a by-product of glycerol with low purity levels, liquids, viscous blackish brown with a very alkaline pH (pH >10). Glycerol is often referred to as crude glycerol. The process of refining glycerol that is by adding phosphoric acid concentration range. The average value of the levels of glycerol from glycerol purification results on the phosphoric acid concentration of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% (v/v) i.e. 81.2205%, 83.4609% and 80.7595%. Determination of the levels of glycerol results showed samples of glycerol rough after the addition of phosphoric acid with different concentrations of already existing standards. The result analysis of glycerol after purification by the addition of phosphoric acid at concentrations of 5% is most suitable for the process of improving  the purity of glycerol.Keywords: crude glycerol, purification, phosphate acid, glycerol content

scholarly journals Transesterifikasi parsial minyak kelapa sawit dengan etanol pada pembuatan digliserida sebagai agen pengemulsi

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Rita Arbianti ◽  
Tania Surya Utami ◽  
Heri Hermansyah ◽  
Ira Setiawati ◽  
Eki Listya Rini
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil Water

Partial transesterification of palm oil with ethanol in diglyceride production as emulsifierHigh growth rate of palm oil production has encouraged palm diversification to be other products with higher economic value, which one of them is emulsifier. Emulsifier based on vegetable oil is biodegradable so they won’t soil our environment. Besides that, its continuity of provisioning is also ensured because it is a renewable resource. In production of emulsifier based on palm oil, transesterification reaction is a first step that influences quality of emulsifier produced. The aim of this research is to determine the condition of palm oil partial transesterification. The partial transesterification process used NaOH as catalyst and palm oil. Variables varied were percent weight of NaOH (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 {mole NaOH/kg oil}), transesterification temperature (40, 50, 60, and 70oC), reaction time (15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes), ratio of reactant (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6{mole oil:mole ethanol}),  to discuss these effects to diglyceride product activity. Diglyceride product was tested by its ability as emulsifier in system stability of oil/water emulsion and to decrease surface tension of water. Result of this research indicated that diglyceride product has optimum declining of surface tension of water on percent weight of NaOH of 0.3 mole NaOH/kg oil, transesterification temperature of 50 oC, reaction time of 30 minutes, and ratio of reactant of 1:6 mole oil: mole ethanol.Keywords: diglyceride, emulsifier, NaOH, palm oil, transesterification. AbstrakLaju pertumbuhan produksi minyak kelapa sawit yang tinggi mendorong perlunya diversifikasi minyak kelapa sawit menjadi produk lain dengan nilai ekonomis tinggi, salah satunya adalah sebagai agen pengemulsi. Agen pengemulsi yang dibuat dari minyak nabati bersifat biodegradable, sehingga tidak mencemari lingkungan, dan kesinambungan pengadaannya terjamin karena berasal dari sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbaharui. Dalam produksi agen pengemulsi berbahan baku minyak kelapa sawit, reaksi transesterifikasi merupakan tahapan awal yang akan mempengaruhi kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi transesterifikasi parsial minyak kelapa sawit. Proses transesterifikasi menggunakan NaOH sebagai katalis dan minyak kelapa sawit. Variabel yang divariasikan untuk mengkaji pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja produk digliserida yang dihasilkan adalah persen berat katalis NaOH (0,1, 0,2, 0,3, dan 0,4 {mol NaOH/kg minyak}), suhu transesterifikasi (40, 50, 60, dan 70 oC), waktu transesterifikasi  (15, 20, 25, dan 30 menit), dan rasio reaktan (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, dan 1:6 {mol minyak:mol etanol}). Produk digliserida diuji kemampuannya sebagai agen pengemulsi dalam menurunkan tegangan permukaan air, serta dalam menjaga kestabilan emulsi minyak/air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk digliserida memiliki kemampuan menurunkan tegangan permukaan air optimum pada persen berat katalis NaOH sebesar 0,3 mol NaOH/kg minyak, suhu transesterifikasi 50 oC, waktu reaksi 30 menit, dan rasio reaktan 1:6 mol minyak:mol etanol.Kata kunci: agen pengemulsi, digliserida, minyak kelapa sawit, NaOH, transesterifikasi.

scholarly journals Influence of the reaction time on the quality (physical-chemical properties) of biofuels obtained through catalytic cracking of crude palm oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Alex Pereira Mota ◽  
Andréia Andrade Mancio ◽  
Jhuliana Silva Santanna ◽  
Valtiane de Jesus Pantoja Gama ◽  
Nélio Teixeira Machado
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Physical Chemical

The present paper investigated the influence of the reaction time on the quality (physical-chemical properties) of biofuels obtained by catalytic cracking of crude palm oil (CPO). The influence of the reaction time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min) on the quality of crude biofuels denominated organic liquid products (OLP) was investigated through experiments carried out in a cracking pilot plant with capacity of 143 L in the following operating conditions: 20 wt% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as catalyst, 450 °C, 1 atm and batch mode operation. The quality of the biofuels produced was certified through physical-chemical analyzes (acid value, saponification value, specific gravity, refractive index, kinematic viscosity, corrosiveness to copper, and flash point). The results show that the physical-chemical properties of OLP decrease as the reaction time increases, in such a way that, catalytic cracking process occurs efficiently in the interval of 10 to 20 min after its start, which can be finalized when it reaches 30 minutes of reaction. In addition, Na2CO3 was essential as a catalyst in the cracking reaction to reduce the physical-chemical properties of OLPs obtained at different times, allowing the specific gravity, kinematic viscosity and corrosivity to copper to be within or very close to the limits established for Diesel S10.

DAYA SAING EKSPOR PRODUK CPO INDONESIA DAN POTENSI HILIRISASI DIOLAH MENJADI BIODIESEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danar Agus Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Market ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
A Value ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Domestic Use

ABSTRACTIndonesia is the world's largest producer of crude palm oil (CPO). Even so, the trend of international trade in Indonesian CPO products has decreased in the last 10 years with a value of -10.19%. The decline in world demand for CPO can be dealt with by utilizing CPO as a biofuel for domestic use, like biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to determine the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO in global trade and determine the parameters of the quality requirements of CPO and biodiesel. The competitiveness analysis method uses the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method, while the analysis of the potential quality of CPO as a biofuel is carried out by analyzing the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). CPO trade in the global market is controlled by Indonesia with a market share of 50% and Malaysia 25.6%, with the declining trade trend in the last 10 years relatively (2010-2019) of -6.91%. The level of competitiveness of Indonesian CPO products in 2019 is very strong, but on average in the last 10 years, the level of competitiveness of Indonesian CPO is no better than that of Malaysia. Indonesia has SNI 01-2901-2006 and SNI 7182: 2015 as a determinant of the quality of CPO and biodiesel products developed in Indonesia so that the CPO and biodiesel produced fullfil sacurity and safety aspects when used by consumers.Keywords: crude palm oil (CPO), competitivenessv, quality, Indonesian National Standard (SNI) ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara produsen minyak kelapa sawit mentah/ Crude Palm Oil (CPO) terbesar di dunia. Meskipun demikian, tren perdagangan internasional produk CPO Indonesia mengalami penurunan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir dengan nilai -10,19%. Penurunan permintaan dunia terhadap CPO, dapat disiasati dengan memanfaatkan CPO sebagai bahan bakar nabati untuk keperluan dalam negeri sebagai biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui daya saing CPO Indonesia dalam perdagangan global dan mengetahui parameter persyaratan mutu CPO dan biodiesel. Metode analisis daya saing menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), sedangkan analisis potensi kualitas CPO sebagai biofuel dilakukan dengan menganalisis Standar Nasional Indoensia (SNI). Perdagangan CPO dalam pasar global dikuasai oleh Indonesia dengan pangsa pasar 50% dan Malaysia 25,6%, dengan tren perdagangan relatif menurun dalam 10 tahun terakhir (2010-2019) sebesar -6,91%. Tingkat daya saing produk CPO Indonesia pada tahun 2019 sangat kuat, namun secara rata-rata dalam 10 tahun terakhir, tingkat daya saing CPO Indonesia tidak lebih baik dari Malaysia. Indonesia memiliki SNI 01-2901-2006 dan SNI 7182:2015 sebagai penentu kualitas produk CPO dan biodiesel yang dikembangkan di Indonesia, sehingga CPO dan biodiesel yang dihasilkan memenuhi aspek keamanan dan keselamatan ketika digunakan oleh konsumen.Kata kunci: crude palm oil (CPO), daya saing, kualitas, Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)

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