scholarly journals Interaction Behavior of Biogenic Material with Electric Arc Furnace Slag

Fuels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-436
Author(s):  
Xianai Huang ◽  
Ka Wing Ng ◽  
Louis Giroux ◽  
Marc Duchesne ◽  
Delin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Fossil Carbon ◽  
Biogenic Carbon ◽  
Biogenic Material

Electric arc furnaces (EAFs) are used for steel production, particularly when recycling scrap material. In EAFs, carbonaceous material is charged with other raw materials or injected into molten slag to generate foam on top of liquid metal to increase energy efficiency. However, the consumption of fossil carbon leads to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). To reduce net GHG emissions from EAF steelmaking, the substitution of fossil carbon with sustainable biogenic carbon can be applied. This study explores the possibility of the substitution of fossil material with biogenic material produced by different pyrolysis methods and from various raw materials in EAF steelmaking processes. Experimental work was performed to study the effect of biogenic material utilization on steel and slag composition using an induction melting furnace with 50 kg of steel capacity. The interaction of biogenic material derived from different raw materials and pyrolysis processes with molten synthetic slag was also investigated using a tensiometer. Relative to other biogenic materials tested, a composite produced with densified softwood had higher intensity interfacial reactions with slag, which may be attributed to the rougher surface morphology of the densified biogenic material.

scholarly journals The Effect of Niobium Addition on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of a Medical Grade SS316L

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Jujur ◽  
Sri Endah Susilowati ◽  
Seto Roseno ◽  
Agus Hadi Santosa Wargadipura
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Medical Grade

To improve mechanical properties, especially elongation, of as-cast medical grade 316L stainless steel, niobium (Nb) was introduced into the alloys, followed by solution heat treatment. Alloying was performed using a 250 kg air induction melting furnace with duplex raw materials and ferronickel. Heat treatment using a solution at 1040 oC, with a holding time of 45 minutes, and water quenching was used. The sample was tested using hardness and ultimate tensile machines. Corrosion tests with simulated body fluids were carried out using media with similar corrosion conditions to human blood. Microstructure observations were performed optically. The results show that the addition of Nb increases the hardness of medical grade 316L stainless steel by 6% compared to the unalloyed steel, both before and after heat treatment. The addition of Nb increases the tensile strength by 8% compared to non-heat treated steel and increases the elongation before and after heat treatment by 8% and 5%, respectively. However, the corrosion rate of the material with Nb is higher than without the addition of Nb. Nb as a carbide former improves the mechanical properties of medical grade 316L stainless steel but adversely affects its corrosion resistance

scholarly journals Investigation on the Chemical and Thermal Behavior of Recycling Agglomerates from EAF by-Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8309
Author(s):  
Thomas Willms ◽  
Thomas Echterhof ◽  
Stefan Steinlechner ◽  
Matti Aula ◽  
Ahmed Abdelrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Steel ◽  
Crude Steel ◽  
By Products

In addition to the blast furnace converter route, electric steel production in the electric arc furnace (EAF) is one of the two main production routes for crude steel. In 2019, the global share of crude steel produced via the electric steel route was 28%, which in numbers is 517 million metric tons of crude steel. The production and processing of steel leads to the output of a variety of by-products, such as dusts, fines, sludges and scales. At the moment, 10–67% of these by-products are landfilled and not recycled. These by-products contain metal oxides and minerals including iron oxide, zinc oxide, magnesia or alumina. Apart from the wasted valuable materials, the restriction of landfill space and stricter environmental laws are additional motivations to avoid landfill. The aim of the Fines2EAF project, funded by the European Research Fund for Coal and Steel, is to develop a low-cost and flexible solution for the recycling of fines, dusts, slags and scales from electric steel production. During this project, an easy, on-site solution for the agglomeration of fine by-products from steel production has to be developed from lab scale to pilot production for industrial tests in steel plants. The solution is based on the stamp press as the central element of the agglomeration process. The stamp press provides the benefit of being easily adapted to different raw materials and different pressing parameters, such as pressing-force and -speed, or mold geometry. Further benefits are that the stamp press process requires less binding material than the pelletizing process, and that no drying process is required as is the case with the pelletizing process. Before advancing the agglomeration of by-products via stamp press to an industrial scale, different material recipes are produced in lab-scale experiments and the finished agglomerates are tested for their use as secondary raw materials in the EAF. Therefore, the tests focus on the chemical and thermal behavior of the agglomerates. Chemical behavior, volatilization and reduction behavior of the agglomerates were investigated by differential thermogravimetric analysis combined with mass spectroscopy (TGA-MS). In addition, two melts with different agglomerates are carried out in a technical-scale electric arc furnace to increase the sample size.

scholarly journals Investigation of possibility for stabilization and valorization of electric ARC furnace dust and glass from electronic waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ranitovic ◽  
Z. Kamberovic ◽  
M. Korac ◽  
M. Gavrilovski ◽  
H. Issa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Dust

This paper presents investigation of possibility for electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) and electronic waste (e-waste) valorization trough stabilization process, in order to achieve concurrent management of these two serious ecological problems. EAFD is an ineviTab. waste material coming from the electric arc furnace steel production process, classified as a hazardous waste. Furthermore, it is well known that residual materials generated in the ewaste recycling process, like LCD (Liquid crystal displays) waste glass, are not suiTab. for landfill or incineration. In this study, these two materials were used for investigation of possibility for their valorization in ceramic industry. Thus, an innovative synergy of waste streams from metallurgical and e-waste recycling industry is presented. Investigation included a complex characterization of raw materials and their mixtures, using chemical methods, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, as well as methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties. Based on these results, it was found that material suiTab. for use in ceramics industry as a partial substituent of quartzite and fluxing components can be produced. Besides solving the environmental problem related to EAFD and LCD disposal, by replacement of raw materials certain economic effects can be achieved.

Technology of Mineral Raw Materials Granulation by Electric Arc for Manufacturing of Welding Fused Flux

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav V. Naumov ◽  
Michael N. Ignatov ◽  
M.A. Sheksheev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Welding Flux ◽  
Modern Methods

The research and description of modern methods and procedure of welding flux manufacture are presented. The technology of welding fused flux production by influencing on the composition of mineral raw materials furnace burden (from 0,5 mic up to 0,20 mm) with electric arc (diameter graphite electrodes 6-18 mm, current from 200 up to 600 A) is proposed to be significantly reducing the labor input as well as dustiness during the operation and transport and improves mechanical properties (granules strength of 16-19 N/mm2) and surface condition of flux granules. The equipment for the granulation does not require large melting furnace and powerful transformers, fuel gas, coke or oil, i.e. welding flux is easy to manufacture.

scholarly journals Can Hydropower Still Be Considered a Clean Energy Source? Compelling Evidence from a Middle-Sized Hydropower Station in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuerong Li ◽  
Faliang Gui ◽  
Qingpeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Hydropower Station ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Fossil Carbon ◽  
Global Economic Growth

The development of clean energy is of great importance in alleviating both the energy crisis and environmental pollution resulting from rapid global economic growth. Hydroelectric generation is considered climate benign, as it neither requires fossil carbon to produce energy nor emits large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHG), unlike conventional energy generation techniques such as coal and oil power plants. However, dams and their associated reservoirs are not entirely GHG-neutral and their classification as a clean source of energy requires further investigation. This study evaluated the environmental impact of the Xiajiang hydropower station based on life cycle assessment (LCA) according to the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines, focusing specifically on GHG emissions after the submersion of the reservoir. Results reveal that although hydropower is not as clean as we thought, it is still an absolute “low emissions” power type in China. The amount of GHG emissions produced by this station is 3.72 million tons with an emissions coefficient of 32.63 g CO2eq/kWh. This figure is lower than that of thermal power, thus implying that hydropower is still a clean energy resource in China. Our recommendations to further minimize the environmental impacts of this station are the optimization of relevant structural designs, the utilization of new and improved construction materials, and the extension of farmland lifting technology.

Synthesis and Forming of Titanium Matrix Composites by Casting Route

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Si Young Sung ◽  
Bong Jae Choi ◽  
Young Jig Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Titanium Matrix ◽  
Titanium Matrix Composites ◽  
Electron Probe Micro Analyzer ◽  
Transmission Electron

The aim of this study is to evaluated the possibility of the in-situ synthesized (TiC+TiB) reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) for the application of structural materials. In-situ synthesis and casting of TMCs were carried out in a vacuum induction melting furnace with Ti and B4C. The synthesized TMCs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, an electron probe micro-analyzer and transmission electron microscopy, and evaluated through thermodynamic calculations. The spherical TiC plus needle-like and large, many-angled facet TiB reinforced TMCs can be synthesized with Ti and B4C by a melting route.

scholarly journals Briquette smelting in electric arc furnace to recycle wastes from stainless steel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-xing Yang ◽  
An-jun Xu ◽  
Peng Xue ◽  
Dong-feng He ◽  
Jian-li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Stainless Steel Production

Pemilihan Baterai Kendaraan Listrik dengan Metoda Weighted Objective

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Indradjaja M. Brunner ◽  
Satria M. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Recycling Facilities ◽  
Lead Acid

Transportation is a sector that contributes significantly to CO2 gas emissions and has the potential to continue to increase along with the addition of fossil fuel vehicles. Indonesia has plans to switch to electric vehicles as an alternative to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. The battery is an important component of an electric vehicle, and there are several alternative technologies that can be used. This paper  simulates the selection of a suitable battery from various type of batteries, including Lead-acid (PbA), Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) and Lithium-ion (Li-ion). The selection is made using the weighted objective method by presenting 5 criteria: energy density; emissions generated for battery production; energy factor of the manufacturing process; availability of critical raw materials required for cathodes and anodes; and availability of recycling facilities. Supporting data to determine the magnitude of each criterion is obtained from literature reviews. The analysis and comparison was carried out by giving weight to the assessment based on the data obtained. The results of calculations carried out in the paper show that the Lead-acid battery is a viable option for use at current time.However, if Indonesia already has NiMH and Li-ion battery recycling facilities, or is capable of producing Lithium-ion batteries, then the criteria and calculation factors can be added and improved.

Cycling Stability Performance of La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Si0.10 Hydrogen Storage Alloy in Discharge–Charge System

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 1460003
Author(s):  
Zhaojiang Liu ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Qi Wan ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Ma Guang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Test System ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Alloy ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Stability Performance ◽  
Charge Discharge

La 0.75 Mg 0.25 Ni 3.5 Si 0.10 hydrogen storage alloy was prepared by vacuum induction melting furnace and subsequently heated treatment at 940°C for 8 h and cooled to room temperature in the oven. The electrochemical properties of La 0.75 Mg 0.25 Ni 3.5 Si 0.10 compound were measured by LAND CT2001A battery test system. The morphologies of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface state of samples was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the charge–discharge rate plays the key impact on the cycling stability of the alloy. During the cycle test, the prepared La 0.75 Mg 0.25 Ni 3.5 Si 0.10 compound presented an excellent capacity retention at the charge–discharge of 1 C while the capacity of sample declined rapidly at 0.2 C. The excellent cycling stability performance of La 0.75 Mg 0.25 Ni 3.5 Si 0.10 electrode at 1 C could be attributed to the less powder and less oxidation of surface effective active elements. The pulverization inevitably leads to the separation of the part of the cracking alloy and the electrode, resulting in reduction of the effective active substance and increasing attenuation of the capacity per cycle. In addition, on the analysis of the different cut-off potential effects on the electrode, it was found that the La 0.75 Mg 0.25 Ni 3.5 Si 0.10 electrode shows good comprehensive electrochemical properties at 1 C cut-off 0.6–0.7 V. During charging, heavy overcharge will not be conducive to cycling stability performance during the charging test.

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