scholarly journals Organic Waste Gasification: A Selective Review

Fuels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-651
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Frolov

This review considers the selective studies on environmentally friendly, combustion-free, allothermal, atmospheric-pressure, noncatalytic, direct H2O/CO2 gasification of organic feedstocks like biomass, sewage sludge wastes (SSW) and municipal solid wastes (MSW) to demonstrate the pros and cons of the approaches and provide future perspectives. The environmental friendliness of H2O/CO2 gasification is well known as it is accompanied by considerably less harmful emissions into the environment as compared to O2/air gasification. Comparative analysis of the various gasification technologies includes low-temperature H2O/CO2 gasification at temperatures up to 1000 °C, high-temperature plasma- and solar-assisted H2O/CO2 gasification at temperatures above 1200 °C, and an innovative gasification technology applying ultra-superheated steam (USS) with temperatures above 2000 °C obtained by pulsed or continuous gaseous detonations. Analysis shows that in terms of such characteristics as the carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), tar and char content, and the content of harmful by-products the plasma and detonation USS gasification technologies are most promising. However, as compared with plasma gasification, detonation USS gasification does not need enormous electric power with unnecessary and energy-consuming gas–plasma transition.

Author(s):  
D. S. Jadchenko

In building and modernizing industrial furnaces the following important factors should be taken into account: on the one hand, economic efficiency must be ensured, and on the other hand it is important to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, improve the working conditions of personnel, etc. At the same time, constantly increasing requirements for productivity and environmental friendliness should not adversely affect the period of cost recovery.This article considers the experience of using recuperative burners. Both positive and negative aspects of the use of burners are considered from the point of view of economics, ecology and technology.An important initial point of cost optimization is the correct choice of a heating system complete with an automatic control system. One example of an effective heating system is a burner with a built in air heating system (recuperative burner), which saves fuel, reduces harmful emissions and simultaneously improves the technical and economic performance of the furnaces.


Author(s):  
P. De Filippis ◽  
M. Scarsella ◽  
N. Verdone ◽  
G. B. Carnevale

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 271-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Kolodyazhny ◽  
Sergei N. Zolotukhin ◽  
Anatoly A. Abramenko ◽  
Yekaterina A. Artemova

Introduction. Reuse of construction materials, products, and structures from demolished buildings and installations is an actual problem. The solution to it will improve the ecological situation. The study is aims at the determination of the causes of urban area renovation and searches for the most efficient technologies of building demolition with the reuse of the generated materials, products, and structures. Materials and methods. The study used systematization, structural analysis, comparative analysis, a theoretical generalization of the data obtained in a detailed analysis of literary and statistical sources, field surveys of objects. When field examining, photography methods were used. Results. Existing technologies of the building demolition, construction waste recovery, and reuse of construction materials generated using innovative item-by-item demolition technologies were revealed and systematized. Causes and main trends of urban territory renovation were analyzed. The paper studied Russian and foreign technologies of the building and installation demolition. The pros and cons of various demolition types are shown in terms of their environmental friendliness and economic efficiency. Conclusions. The experience of constructing low-rise buildings and intrasettlement roads showed that the item-by-item disassembly of buildings using modern equipment and machinery with the subsequent reuse of construction materials, products, and structures is efficient, economical, and environment-friendly. It is proven that the reuse of construction materials, products, and structures results in a significant reduction in the cost of erected installations. The results of the study can be applied in low-rise construction around the world.


2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Maria S. Lisanevich ◽  
◽  
Reseda Yu. Galimzyanova ◽  
Rustem G. Ibragimov ◽  
◽  
...  

Nonwovens (nonwovens) are widely used in medicine, for the manufacture of medical linen, sanitary and hygienic items, medical clothing, surgical materials (including dressings). The rapid development of the clothing market requires domestic manufacturers to be competitive not only through new products and technologies, but also new sensations for the consumer, provided that the price is competitive. According to medical workers, disposable surgical gowns based on spunmelt materials give a feeling of discomfort during use. One and relatively new method for modifying nanomaterials is treatment with nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma (NLTP). The main advantage of this type of material modification is the environmental friendliness of the method, as in the process of processing aqueous solutions of chemicals are not used, as in the case of using special impregnations. Modern research of medical services. As a result of the work, it was revealed that the modification of NM NNTP allows you to change the NM for changes in surface, physical and mechanical, as well as consumer properties, while maintaining the strength characteristics. It is shown that after plasma treatment spunmelt materials increase such consumer characteristics as air permeability, hygroscopicity, while maintaining the strength during elongation; reduction of material stiffness during bending. It was also found that after the processing of NTPP, the electrification rate increases within the normal range, in GOST 12.1.045-84. Manufacturers are recommended to process spunmelt material with non-equilibrium low-temperature plasma on a high-frequency capacitive plasma installation with a power of Wp = 1.5 kW, processing time τ = 180 s and pressure P = 21.5 Pa. Use argon gas with a gas flow of 1500 cm3/min as a plasma-forming gas.


2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 560-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Liu ◽  
Jun Gu

The paper proposes application of municipal solid waste CFB gasification as well as of the possible plant configurations and the environmental performances of the main commercially available gasifiers for municipal solid wastes. The case indicates that gasification is a technically viable option for the solid waste conversion, including residual waste from separate collection of municipal solid waste. It is able to meet existing emission limits and can have a remarkable effect on reduction of landfill disposal option. However, the operational difficulties experienced at several pilot and demonstration plants indicate that long-term operating results from a large industrial plant are needed before gasification can be considered a reliable alternative to combustion.


Author(s):  
Michael David Costarell ◽  
Darrell Wallace

Despite significant research and development during the past quarter century, there has been an insignificant transition to use of compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. Although CNG automobiles reduce harmful emissions and reduce consumption of foreign oil, the nation has not successfully transitioned away from gasoline and diesel fuels. Therefore, the pros and cons of owning and operating CNG vehicles are explored from the consumer’s perspective. Included in this paper are isentropic compression models for single stage, 4 stage isentropic, and 4 stage with a constant temperature increase between cylinders. The models are then used to predict charging times for both residential and industrial compressors for an energy basis of 1MMBtu (1.055 GJ). The impact of CNG vehicles on US air emissions is discussed, with qualitative comparisons of CNG and oil-based emissions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
O. M. Zagurskiy ◽  
◽  
T. S. Zhurakovska ◽  

Negative changes in the environment, leading to public pressure and environmental legislation require fundamental changes in the industrial practice of business. Survey of the environment in 22 countries found that: in half of the countries surveyed, the environment is considered to be one of the three most serious problems of concern to society. In most countries, the overwhelming number of citizens surveyed indicated that the state of the environment had an impact on their health, and an even larger proportion stated that the environment had an impact on the health of their children. The article deals with the problem of increasing the level of environmental friendliness of transportation in supply chains. With the modern requirements in the integrated green supply chain, the reduction of the harmful impact of production and logistics activities on nature should be considered at all stages of the technological cycle of product development and its promotion through the supply chain. It is determined that the key technologies for reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment are the optimization of transport processes due to the reduction of distance during transportation at all stages of the supply chain; the increase in the use of local resources (reducing fuel costs and harmful emissions); the use of modern environmentally friendly energy-efficient vehicles. The basic principles and approaches of the consolidated cargo transportation model have been substantiated, which balances environmental and economic problems and their testing has been carried out in the supply chain of the Epicenter hypermarket chain


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