scholarly journals The Association between Olfactory Function and Cognitive Impairment in Older Persons with Cognitive Impairments: A Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Hyangjeong Park ◽  
Heejeong Kim ◽  
Sisook Kim ◽  
Hyegyeong Cha
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

Olfactory function is an emerging topic of research in the fields of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to confirm the association between olfactory function and cognitive impairment by assessing the olfactory function of older persons with cognitive impairment and identify whether olfactory function is associated with cognitive impairment. For this study, we recruited 117 older people aged ≥65 years with cognitive impairments from a public hospital in Korea. We used the Korean version of the expanded clinical dementia rating scale to evaluate participants’ cognitive impairments, and the University of Pennsylvania’s smell identification test to assess their olfactory function. Our results indicate a significant negative correlation between olfactory function and all domains of cognitive impairment (memory, orientation, judgement and problem-solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, and personal care). In addition, olfactory function was a factor associated with cognitive impairment in older persons. Therefore, we expect that our results to provide useful data for the development of interventions using olfactory stimulation to improve cognitive function in older persons with cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals The use of everyday technology; a comparison of older persons with cognitive impairments’ self-reports and their proxies’ reports

2020 ◽  
pp. 030802262095411
Author(s):  
Elin Jakobsson ◽  
Louise Nygård ◽  
Anders Kottorp ◽  
Cecilia Bråkenhielm Olsson ◽  
Camilla Malinowsky
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Introduction Older persons with cognitive impairment have often been disregarded in providing information on their own perceptions. This study explored the number of relevant everyday technologies and the ability to use everyday technologies as perceived by persons with cognitive impairment in comparison with their proxies’ estimates using the Short Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire. Method In this cross-sectional study, persons with cognitive impairment ( n = 21) and their proxies ( n = 21) were interviewed on separate occasions with the Short Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire, which measures the number of relevant everyday technologies and the ability to use everyday technologies. The data were analysed with t-tests, z-comparisons, and Fisher’s exact test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results At the group level, no significant differences were found between persons with cognitive impairments’ perceptions and their proxies’ estimates regarding the number of relevant everyday technologies or the ability to use everyday technologies. On the individual level, significant differences were found in the ability measures within four out of the 21 dyads. Conclusion The persons with cognitive impairment and their proxies verified each other’s responses, providing evidence that persons with cognitive impairment should be the primary source for information about their own everyday technology use.

scholarly journals Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale for Evaluating Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Elena Cecilia Rosca ◽  
Mihaela Simu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Ii

The aim of the present systematic review was to examine the evidence on the accuracy and psychometric properties of the Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) for evaluating the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) as well as to highlight the quality and quantity of research available on the use of the PD-CRS in this population. We searched four databases from inception until July 2020. Eight studies, published between 2008 and 2020, met the inclusion criteria: One cross-sectional study in which participants were assessed with the index test (PD-CRS) and a reference standard diagnostic assessment, in accordance with the Level II criteria of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS); one case-control study comparing the PD-CRS to an extensive battery of tests (i.e., MDS Level II diagnosis); and six studies comparing the PD-CRS to other short cognitive batteries. In patients with Parkinson’s disease, the PD-CRS test provides information about cortical and sub-cortical cognitive functions. Even if it demonstrated good psychometric properties, the results regarding the optimal threshold for detecting mild cognitive impairment and dementia in PD are somewhat inconsistent. Further cross-sectional studies are necessary to examine the optimum cut-off score for detecting cognitive dysfunction in PD patients.

scholarly journals Combined Influence of Depression and Physical Frailty on Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Heart Failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Lee ◽  
Mi Won ◽  
Youn-Jung Son
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Cognitive impairment is a prevalent condition and important barrier to self-care behaviors in patients with heart failure (HF). HF patients with depression or physical frailty are more likely to have reduced cognitive function. However, it remains unclear if combined depression and physical frailty increased the risk of cognitive impairments among HF populations. This study aimed to identify the influence of combined depression and physical frailty on cognitive impairments in HF. This cross-sectional study was included 289 patients with HF in outpatient cardiology clinics at a tertiary care university hospital in Cheonan, South Korea. We obtained patients’ characteristics including depression, physical frailty, and cognitive function with Korean validated tools using a face-to-face interview. The prevalence rate of cognitive impairment was approximately 27.3% in HF outpatients. We found that the combined influence of depression and physical frailty increased the risk of cognitive impairments in both unadjusted (odds ratio (OR) 4.360; 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.113, 8.994)) and adjusted models (OR 3.545; 95% CI (1.448, 8.681)). Our findings highlight that healthcare professionals need to be more aware of the vulnerable population who suffer from both depression and physical frailty at the same time. Future prospective studies should examine the causal relationships among depression, physical frailty and cognitive impairment during the HF illness trajectories.

Hearing Loss and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Findings from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Heywood ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Mei Sian Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Cognitively Normal

Aim: To investigate the associations between hearing loss and prevalent and incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia and MCI or dementia (all cases). Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of baseline and follow-up data were performed in a population-based cohort. The baseline sample of 2,599 adults aged ≥55 included 1,515 cognitively normal subjects who were followed up to 8 years. Hearing loss at baseline was determined by the whispered voice test, and MCI and dementia by Mini-Mental State Examination screening, Clinical Dementia Rating scale, neurocognitive tests, MRI, and panel consensus diagnosis. Results: Hearing impairment was associated with increased prevalence of dementia (odds ratio = 3.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-11.4, p = 0.027) but not MCI alone or all cases of MCI or dementia, adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, education, central obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol, leisure time activity, cardiac diseases, and depressive symptoms. Among participants who were cognitively normal at baseline, those with hearing impairment were more likely to develop MCI or dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.30, 95% CI 1.08-4.92, p = 0.032). Hearing loss was associated with elevated but statistically nonsignificant estimates of adjusted HR (1.85, 95% CI 0.78-4.40) for incident MCI alone. Conclusions: Hearing loss is independently associated with prevalent dementia and incident MCI or dementia.

Emotional intelligence and coping with stressful conditions: the case of Iranian midwives

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 430-434
Author(s):  
Masumeh Yaralizadeh ◽  
Salimeh Nezamivand Chegini ◽  
Shahnaz Najar ◽  
Fariba Khavayet ◽  
Parvin Abedi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The University ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
The Relationship

Background This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between emotional quotient (EQ) and coping with stress among midwives in Ahvaz, Iran. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving (n=300) midwives employed in the university hospitals of Ahvaz, Iran. Midwives with an associate or higher degree in midwifery and with at least three years of service were recruited. Results Task-oriented and avoidant areas had a positive significant correlation with intrapersonal, interpersonal, management, adaptability and general mood (p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between emotion-oriented areas and all domains of EQ (p<001). EQ could predict more than 90% of midwives' ability for coping with stress. Conclusion The results of this study showed that there is a positive correlation of task-oriented and avoidant areas with all domains of EQ. There was also a significant negative correlation between emotion-oriented areas and all domains of EQ.

scholarly journals Decreased Time on the Nondominant One-Leg Standing Test Associated with Repeated Falls in Older Residents with Healthy Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia: The Wakuya Project

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Keiichi Kumai ◽  
Mika Kumai ◽  
Junko Takada ◽  
Jiro Oonuma ◽  
Kei Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The aim of this study is to clarify the association between repeated falls and the dominant/nondominant side in the open-eyed one-leg standing (OLS) test among people who are healthy or have mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia in a community setting. We recruited 180 participants from 39 areas in the town of Wakuya. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were classified into 3 Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) groups, i.e., CDR 0 (healthy, <i>n</i> = 71), CDR 0.5 (MCI, <i>n</i> = 85), and CDR 1+ (<i>n</i> = 23), and they were investigated for motor function (grip strength, 6-m normal gait speed, timed up and go test, and OLS test) and falls during the past year. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Subjects with a CDR of 0.5 had higher rates of single and repeated falls (13.0 and 23.4%, respectively) than the CDR 0 group (12.1 and 4.5%, respectively), as did those in CDR 1+ group (15.0 and 30.0%). For the CDR 0.5 group, the frequency of falls was negatively (biologically meaningful direction) correlated with the left OLS time. No significant correlations with falls were found for other motor function tests. Another analysis separating the CDR 0.5 group into 2 subgroups (repeated falls vs. no or a single fall) also showed that the left OLS time was lower in subjects with repeated falls. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> People with MCI who had fallen repeatedly in the year before the assessment had a significantly lower left OLS time compared to those who had not fallen or had had 1 fall with MCI. None of the other physical measures were associated with past repeat falls including OLS on the dominant right side. No such findings were noted in the CDR 0 and CDR 0+ groups.

What Determines The Migration Intentions Of University Students?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Heiko Haase ◽  
Arndt Lautenschläger
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Intention To Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

AbstractThe paper aims at exploring determinants of the university students' intentions to stay within their university region. At this, we presume that students' career choice motivations are related to their professional intentions, which again, along with demographic characteristics, affect their migration decision. Our analysis is based on a cross-sectional study of 2,353 students from three different higher education institutions, two of them located in Germany and one in Namibia. Results indicate that in Germany migration matters because a considerable proportion of students intend to leave the university region after graduation. At this, we found that the students' geographical provenance exerts the most significant effect on the intention to stay. Moreover, certain professional intentions were directly and some career choice motivations were indirectly linked with the intention to remain at the university location. We present several conclusions and implications.

EARLY RECOGNIZATION OF THE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER BY VANDERBILT ADHD RATING SCALE FOR TEACHERS AND PARENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Dinh Duong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo ◽  
Thi Mai Nguyen ◽  
Thi Han Vo ◽  
Huu Chau Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Key Words Adhd

Objectives: The study aims to explore the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and to examine the associated factors with ADHD among primary students by Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for teacher and parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in 564 students who selected randomly in 4 primary schools in Hue city. Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for parents and teachers were applied to evaluate the ADHD of children over 6 months ago. Results: The overall prevalence of children who had high risk with ADHD was 4.1% (95%CI: 2.44 - 5.72), including 4.6% and 4.8% in the rating of teachers and parents, respectively. Male was more likely to have ADHD than female (OR adj: 4.64 (95%CI: 1.53 - 14.05) and lack of closely friend (OR adj: 5.11 (95% CI: 2.13 - 12.24). Conclusion: Vanderbilt ADHD diagnosis rating scale for teachers and parents can be used to early recognization children with a high risk of ADHD. Key words: ADHD, Vanderbilt, ratings scale, teacher, parent, children

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