Knowledge, Perception, and Performance of Hand Hygiene and Their Correlation among Nursing Students in Republic of Korea

Recently, various outbreaks of newly emerging or reemerging diseases are expected more frequently and regularly. The importance of hand hygiene (HH) competency of nursing students (NS) is further required as a crucial learning objective of nursing education in universities. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate knowledge, perception, and performance of HH among NS and analyze their correlation. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire (modified from a World Health Organization questionnaire) was conducted from 23 November to 22 December 2019; 233 responses were used for the final analysis. Results: The average scores (mean ± standard deviation (range)) for knowledge, perception, and performance of HH were 17.82 ± 2.15 (0–25), 77.24 ± 10.78 (15–96), and 67.42 ± 23.10 (0–100), respectively. No significant variables were discovered to the knowledge of HH. Grade, university-affiliated hospitals, and the most recent healthcare institute of clinical practice nursing course significantly affected perceptions of HH (p < 0.039, p = 044, p < 0.001). Knowledge of HH was positively correlated with performance of HH (p = 0.002). The perception and the performance of HH of NS were positively correlated with HH performance of healthcare workers (HCWs); p < 0.001, p = 0.002. Conclusion: HH education for NS is crucial for improving the performance and the knowledge of HH. Good HH performance of healthcare workers (HCWs) can contribute to increased perception and performance of HH among NS. The cooperation of nursing education in a university and clinical practice with competent HCWs in healthcare institutions may create an effective education program for good HH performance of NS, who will be nurses during unpredictable pandemics.

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Hand hygiene compliance among rural healthcare workers of Nepal

Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jpahs.v5i1.24050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 90-95

Author(s):

Ajay Kumar Rajbhandari ◽

Reshu Agrawal Sagtani ◽

Kedar Prasad Baral

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Compliance Rate ◽

Hand Washing ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hygiene Compliance ◽

Health Organization ◽

Healthcare Associated

Introductions: Transmission of healthcare associated infections through contaminated hands of healthcare workers are common. This study was designed to explore the existing compliance of hand hygiene among the healthcare workers workings in different level of health care centers of Makwanpur district of Nepal. Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted in Makwanpur district, Nepal, during 2015. Healthcare workers from nine healthcare centers were selected randomly for the study. Standard observation checklists and World Health Organization guidelines on hand hygiene were used to assess the compliance of hand hygiene during patient care. Results: There were 74 participants. Overall compliance for hand washing was 24.25% (range 19.63 to 45.56). Complete steps of hand washing were performed by 38.3% of health care workers. The factors associated for noncompliance were lack of time (29.3%), example set by seniors (20%), absence or inadequate institution protocol (20%) and unfavourable health care setting (> 20%). Conclusions: Overall hand washing compliance rate amongst the healthcare workers in rural health facilities of Nepal were low (24.25%).

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Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Perception among the Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9121627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1627

Author(s):

Adil Abalkhail ◽

Ilias Mahmud ◽

Fahad A. Alhumaydhi ◽

Thamer Alslamah ◽

Ameen S. S. Alwashmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Primary Source ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Government ◽

Health Organization

Hand hygiene is among the most important factors of infection control in healthcare settings. Healthcare workers are the primary source of hospital-acquired infection. We assessed the current state of hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practice among the healthcare workers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, we used the hand hygiene knowledge and perception questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. Knowledge and perceptions were classified into good (80–100%), moderate (60–79%), and poor (<60% score). The majority of the healthcare workers had moderate knowledge (57.8%) and perception (73.4%) of hand hygiene. Males were less likely to have moderate/good knowledge compared to females (OR: 0.52, p < 0.05). Private healthcare workers were less likely (OR: 0.33, p < 0.01) to have moderate/good perceptions compared to the government healthcare workers. Healthcare workers who received training on hand hygiene were more likely to have good/moderate perception (OR: 3.2, p < 0.05) and to routinely use alcohol-based hand rubs (OR: 3.8, p < 0.05) than the ones without such training. Physicians are more likely (OR: 4.9, p < 0.05) to routinely use alcohol-based hand rubs than technicians. Our research highlighted gaps in hand hygiene knowledge, perception and practice among healthcare workers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia and the importance of training in this regard.

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Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Perception Among the Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey

10.20944/preprints202110.0435.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adil Abalkhail ◽

Ilias Mahmud ◽

Fahad A. Alhumaydhi ◽

Thamer Alslamah ◽

Ameen S S Alwashmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Primary Source ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Government ◽

Health Organization

Hand hygiene is among the most important factors of infection control in healthcare settings. Healthcare workers are considered the primary source of hospital acquired infection. We assessed the current state of hand hygiene knowledge, perception and practice among the healthcare workers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study we used the hand hygiene knowledge and perception questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. Knowledge and perceptions were classified into good (80 – 100%), moderate (60 – 79%) and poor (<60% score). Majority of the healthcare workers had moderate knowledge (57.8%) and perception (73.4%) of hand hygiene. Males were less likely to have moderate/good knowledge compared to females (OR: 0.52, p<.05). Private healthcare workers were less likely (OR: 0.33, p<0.01) to have moderate/good perception compared to the government healthcare workers. Healthcare workers who received training on hand hygiene were 3.2 times likely (p<.05) to have good/moderate perception and 3.8 times likely (p<0.05) to routinely use alcohol-based hand-rub than the ones without such training. Physicians were 4.9 times likely (p<0.05) to routinely use alcohol-based hand-rub than the technicians. Our research highlighted gaps on hand hygiene knowledge and perception and practice among healthcare workers in Qassim and importance of training in this regard.

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The Utilization of Protective Face Masks among Polish Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: Do We Pass the Exam?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 841

Author(s):

Radomir Reszke ◽

Łukasz Matusiak ◽

Piotr K. Krajewski ◽

Marta Szepietowska ◽

Rafał Białynicki-Birula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Medical Profession ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Internet Survey ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Who Criteria ◽

The Face ◽

Health Organization

Relevant personal protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic include face masks, possibly decreasing the risk of infection among the general population and healthcare workers (HCW) if utilized properly. The aim of the study was to assess whether different Polish HCW utilize face masks according to the 2020 World Health Organization guidance (WHO) criteria. This cross-sectional study included 1156 respondents who participated in an internet survey evaluating mask-related behaviors. All the WHO criteria were complied with by 1.4% of participants, regardless of medical profession, specialty or place of employment. HCW mostly adhered to criterion 1 (C1; strict covering of the face and mouth with the mask; 90.8%), C4 (washing/disinfecting the hands after touching/taking off the mask; 49%) and C3 (taking off the mask properly without touching the anterior surface; 43.4%), whereas C2 (avoidance of touching the mask with hands) was complied with least commonly (6.8%). HCW with mask-induced itch (31.6%) complied to C2 less often (odds ratio 0.53; p = 0.01). The study reveals that Polish HCW rarely adhere to all the 2020 WHO guidance criteria on the use of masks, whereas the adherence to particular criteria is variable and may be associated with the presence of skin-related conditions and other factors. Better compliance with the recommendations in the future is necessary to increase personal safety of HCW and prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

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Has the COVID 19 Virus Changed Adherence to Hand Washing among Healthcare Workers?

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs11040053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Rosalia Ragusa ◽

Marina Marranzano ◽

Alessandro Lombardo ◽

Rosalba Quattrocchi ◽

Maria Alessandra Bellia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hand Hygiene ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Hand Washing ◽

World Health ◽

Patient Contact ◽

Who Guidelines ◽

Descriptive Data ◽

Different Types ◽

Health Organization ◽

Hospital Wards

The aim of the study was to assess adherence to hand washing by healthcare workers (HCWs) and its variations over time in hospital wards. We wanted to check whether the pandemic had changed the behavior of HCWs. The study was conducted between 1 January 2015, and 31 December 2020. The HCWs were observed to assess their compliance with the Five Moments for Hand Hygiene. We described the percentage of adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines stratified per year, per specialty areas, per different types of HCWs. We also observed the use of gloves. Descriptive data were reported as frequencies and percentages. We observed 13,494 hand hygiene opportunities. The majority of observations concerned nurses who were confirmed as the category most frequently involved with patients. Hospital’s global adherence to WHO guidelines did not change in the last six years. During the pandemic, the rate of adherence to the procedure increased significantly only in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In 2020, the use of gloves increased in pre-patient contact. The hand-washing permanent monitoring confirmed that it is very difficult to obtain the respect of correct hand hygiene in all opportunities, despite the ongoing pandemic and the fear of contagion.

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Hand hygiene knowledge, perception and practice of healthcare workers in a Turkish university hospital intensive care unit

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.10916 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (08) ◽

pp. 744-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Uluhan Sili ◽

Pinar Ay ◽

Huseyin Bilgin ◽

Seyhan Hidiroglu ◽

Volkan Korten

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Compliance Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

World Health ◽

Training Methods ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: While improvement of hand hygiene (HH) compliance is considered as the best approach to reduce healthcare-associated infections, the instructional interventions in HH among healthcare workers of intensive care unit (ICU) of our hospital was not successful enough. The following study was conducted to evaluate HH knowledge, perception, practice and effectiveness of the trainings among healthcare workers of ICU in our hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the ICU containing 8 medical and 16 surgical beds with 284 filled questionnaires about HH knowledge and 1187 observed opportunities for HH compliance. Results: Overall observed HH compliance rate was 40.6%; lowest compliance was 21.7% for “before clean/aseptic procedure” indication and highest compliance was 68.6% for “after touching a patient” indication. Although > 90% healthcare workers correctly identified the World Health Organization’s five indications for HH, 82 – 85% failed to recognize non-indications, i.e. when it was not necessary to perform HH. Our study showed that 15.1% of healthcare workers neither received nor felt the need for HH training. Conclusions: Despite regular HH trainings, healthcare workers could not differentiate when HH was not required which suggested failure to understand HH rationale. This may explain poor HH compliance rates. A systematic study is needed in order to find out the reasons behind of this noncompliance and improve HH training methods for educating healthcare workers.

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Role of Personal Protective Measures in Prevention of COVID-19 Spread Among Physicians in Bangladesh: a Multicenter Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine ◽

10.1007/s42399-020-00471-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (10) ◽

pp. 1733-1739 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Md. Musab Khalil ◽

Md Mashiul Alam ◽

Mostafa Kamal Arefin ◽

Mamunur Rashid Chowdhury ◽

Muhammad Rezeul Huq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Baseline Information ◽

Health Organization ◽

Risk Assessment And Management

Abstract This study aims to determine the role of personal protective measures in the prevention of COVID-19 spread among the physicians working at different health facilities in Bangladesh. This hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from May to June 2020. A total of 98 COVID-19 positive physicians and 92 COVID-19 negative physicians (physicians with no symptoms of COVID-19 or who tested negative) were enrolled. The questionnaire was adapted from a tool developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for risk assessment and management of exposure of healthcare workers in the context of COVID-19. Data were collected from the respondents online using Google forms. There was no significant difference in baseline information between COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative physicians. The physicians, who were unaware of direct participation in COVID-19 patient care, had higher odds of being COVID-19 positive (OR = 4.018; CI: 1.532–10.535). Additionally, the physicians, who were unaware of the COVID-19 status while performing the aerosol-generated procedure (AGP), had a higher chance of being COVID-19 positive (OR = 2.522; CI: 1.020–6.233). Using face shields/goggles (OR = 0.437; CI:0.228–0.837) and regular decontamination of the patient’s surroundings (OR = 0.392; CI:0.176–0.873) while usual take care of patients and use of N95 masks while performing AGP (OR = 0.372; CI:0.159–0.873) had protective roles against COVID-19 among the physicians. The physicians who had reused the medical gown had two times more chances of being tested positive for COVID-19 than those who had not reused it (OR = 2.3; CI:1.251–4.259). The use of face shields/goggles and N95 masks and decontamination of the patient’s surroundings may give protection against COVID-19. Additionally, reusing medical gowns should be avoided as much as possible.

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Students’ Self-assessed Competence Levels during Nursing Education Continuum – A Cross-sectional Survey

International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship ◽

10.1515/ijnes-2019-0050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Satu Kajander-Unkuri ◽

Riitta Meretoja ◽

Jouko Katajisto ◽

Helena Leino-Kilpi ◽

Arja Suikkala

Keyword(s):

Nursing Education ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Response Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Competence Scale ◽

The Relationship ◽

Education Nursing

AbstractDuring nursing education, nursing students are required to develop their competence to be able to fulfill their duties safely as Registered Nurses. The aims of this study were to explore 1) nursing students’ self-assessed competence levels during education 2) the relationship with competence and frequency at which competencies are utilized in clinical practice, and 3) factors related to competence levels. 841 (response rate 67.6 %) nursing students responded to the Nurse Competence Scale in a cross-sectional study. The self-assessed overall competence levels were improving during the education continuum (VAS-means 1st 56.6; 2nd 58.3; 3rd 59.8 and 3.5th -year students 68.4). Every group revealed a significant positive correlation with competence and frequency at which competencies are utilized in clinical practice in clinical placement. Risk factors for low competence were also identified. Systematic multimethod competence evaluations with longitudinal designs are needed to monitor outcomes of nursing education.

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1193. Assessing Sustainability of Hand Hygiene Adherence 5 Years after a Contest-Based Intervention in 3 Japanese Hospitals

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S428-S428

Author(s):

Tomoko Sakihama ◽

Naomi Kayauchi ◽

Sanjay Saint ◽

Karen E Fowler ◽

David Ratz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hand Hygiene ◽

Direct Observation ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

World Health ◽

Intervention Period ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Multimodal Intervention ◽

Health Organization ◽

Survey Responses

Abstract Background To evaluate the 5-year sustainability of a multimodal intervention which included a prize to the hospital with the highest overall hand hygiene adherence rates among healthcare workers. Methods Design: An observational study using direct observation of hand hygiene adherence performed by a trained observer coupled with a survey of healthcare workers about their knowledge of hand hygiene practices. Setting: Three Japanese tertiary care hospitals. Study Population: Physicians and nurses working on an inpatient medical or surgical ward, an intensive care unit (ICU), or the emergency department. Outcome Measures: Hand hygiene adherence rates before patient contact using unobtrusive direct observation. Secondary outcomes were survey responses on a World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire on hand hygiene. Results Data for the current study were collected between September and December 2017 at the 3 participating hospitals. An additional 2,485 observations were conducted during this 5-year post-intervention assessment. These observations were compared with 2,679 observations from the pre-intervention period, and 2,982 observations from the 6-month post-intervention period. Hand hygiene adherence rates had previously improved significantly after the introduction of a multimodal intervention – based on principles recommend by the WHO – in 2012 and 2013 in 3 Japanese hospitals (18.0% pre-intervention to 32.7% 6-months post-intervention; P < 0.001). No significant changes were found in hand hygiene adherence in these hospitals 5 years after the original intervention (31.9% 5-years post-intervention; P = 0.53); however, substantial variability in hand hygiene adherence by unit and healthcare worker type was noted. Conclusion A multimodal hand hygiene initiative achieved sustained improvement in hand hygiene adherence in 3 Japanese hospitals 5 years after the original intervention. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Implications of Nursing Clinical Practice to The Student’s Spiritual Health

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20184200020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 00020

Author(s):

Asthadi Mahendra Bhandesa ◽

I G A Puja Astuti ◽

Ni Putu Kartiningsih

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Spiritual Health ◽

World Health ◽

Health It ◽

Nursing Clinical Practice ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Health Organization ◽

Nursing Clinical

This study aimed to clarify the implications of Nursing Clinical Practice (PLKK) to the spiritual health of STIKES Bali students. This study employed purposive sampling method to determine the number of respondents. To conduct this study, the fourth grade of nursing students were recruited as the sample with total number 136 respondents. A questionnaire about spirituality from World Health Organization (WHO) was used in this study as the instrument. In addition, the data were analysed by using quantitative descriptive technique. The result showed that 50.0% of students had a very good spiritual health, 42.6% had good spiritual health, 6.6% had moderate spiritual health, and 0.7 % had poor spiritual health. It can be interpreted that spiritual health of nursing students of STIKES Bali is good after conducting Nursing Clinical Practice. Thus, this study can be concluded that Nursing Clinical Practice has implication to the ability of students to love themselves and others meaningfully as the evidence of students’ spiritual health.

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