scholarly journals Morpho-Anatomical and Biochemical Characterization of Embryogenic and Degenerative Embryogenic Calli of Phoenix dactylifera L.

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Amal F. M. Zein El Din ◽  
Ola H. Abd Elbar ◽  
Saleh M. Al Turki ◽  
Khaled M. A. Ramadan ◽  
Hossam S. El-Beltagi ◽  
...  

The study of morpho-anatomical aspects, metabolic changes of proteins, antioxidant substances, as well as phenolic compounds in embryogenic callus (EC) and degenerative embryogenic callus (DEC) was the aim of the present investigation. Ability to form somatic embryos (SEs) was associated with the softness of the EC, which exhibited a white or creamy color and was composed of isodiametric cells containing dense cytoplasm, conspicuous nuclei and minimal vacuoles with observed mitotic activity. Furthermore, protein, reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASC) concentrations and the ratio between ASC and dehydroascorborbic acid (DHA) were increased significantly in the EC in comparison to the DEC. In addition, the phenolic extract of the EC was proved to have higher scavenging activity than the extract from the DEC. A loss of embryogenic competence in the DEC was correlated with the presence of more rigid clumps and such calli had a yellowish to brown color and no cell division could be observed in the cells of such aggregates as the cells had large vacuoles and they have very thick walls. Moreover, these morphological and anatomical observations of the DEC were accompanied by accumulations of the oxidized form of ascorbic acid (DHA), H2O2, total soluble phenolic compounds and overaccumulation of naringenin. Alternations in cellular metabolism can affect and regulate the morphogenesis of somatic embryos.

Author(s):  
Habchi A. ◽  
Dekmouche M. ◽  
Hamia C. ◽  
Saidi M. ◽  
Yousfi M. ◽  
...  

This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds for six cultivars of date from In Saleh region (Phoenix dactylifera L.), which were extracted by reflux with solvents, 80% methanol and 70% aceton after the phenolic and flavonoid content were estimated. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts were measured using Folin–Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity acetone/H2O and methanol/H2O extracts using ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, TAC and CUPRAC assays. The results showed that methanolic solvent reflux gives better yields. The highest level of phenolic compounds for all dates varieties was found in the 80% methanol extract. This level ranged from 8.04 ± 0.14 to 46.81 ± 1.22 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight and flavonoid content was observed relatively low for both two solvents. However, extraction into 70% acetone gave the highest antioxidant activity with all assay. These results showed that dates had strongly scavenging activity on DPPH reaching 3.12 µg/mL in methanol/H2O from Cul1 (6.9 µg/mL with ascorbic acid), also on ABTS reaching 6.51 µg/mL in acetone/H2O from Cul2 (104.98 µg/mL with ascorbic acid).


2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Tamania SAPTARI ◽  
Masna Maya SINTA ◽  
Imron RIYADI ◽  
. PRIYONO ◽  
. SUMARYONO

The cultivation of date palm in Indonesia has increased since the last decade. However, the superior date palm seedlings are still limited and most of them are imported from other countries. The mass supply of superior date palm seedlings can be provided by in vitro propagation in the bioreactor. Therefore, the research was conducted to develop a protocol of date palm in vitro propagation by using Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB). The in vitro propagation was carried out through somatic embryogenesis technique using meristematic tissues isolated from offshoots of date palm female clone cv. Zambli as explants. The explants were sterilized and then cultured to produce embryogenic calli and somatic embryos. Afterwards, somatic embryos germination and plantlets formation were conducted in TIB with treatments of immersion period: 3, 10, and 30 minutes every 6 hours, with 8 replications, The results showed that the optimal somatic embryo germination in TIB was with the immersion period of 30 min every 6 h, resulting in the most formation of shoots and fresh biomass weight increment up to nearly threefold in 6 weeks. Thereafter, plantlets formation in TIB with immersion period of 10 min and 30 min every 6 h exhibited similar performances in producing more plantlets with higher total fresh weight and better vigor than those of 3 min every 6 h. However, there were more rooted plantlets in the TIB with immersion period of 10 min every 6 h. Based on the results, an in vitro propagation protocol via somatic embryogenesis in TIB has been successfully developed for mass propagation of date palm cv. Zambli, which produced plantlets with good vigor and rooting.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Meryem Benidir ◽  
Soukaina El Massoudi ◽  
Lahsen El Ghadraoui ◽  
Abderrahim Lazraq ◽  
Meryem Benjelloun ◽  
...  

The present work aims to elaborate many juice formulas (F1 to F8) from two dried fruits (jujubes: Ziziphus lotus L. and dates: Phoenix dactylifera L.). Physicochemical and biochemical characterization of the formula juices shows that juices rich in dates fruits (F1, F3, F5, and F7) are loaded, on average, in total sugars (129.5 g/l), proteins (3.02 g/l), lipids (1.08 g/l), and carotenoid (0.02 mg/l), while juices rich in jujube fruits (F2, F4, F6, and F8) are overloaded, on average, in phenolic compounds (697 mg/l), flavonoids (6.32 mg/l), condensed tannins (2.1 mg/l), hydrolysable tannins (359.5 mg/l), and viscosity (1.062 mm 10–3 s). All formulations developed have a pH that rotates between 5.12 and 5.20. Total antioxidant capacity (CAT) reveals that formulations F1, F3, F5, and F7 show a strong activity compared to the other formulas. The DPPH test shows that all formulated juices have the same antioxidant profile with IC50 values lower than the template (BHT and Vit C). The FRAP test reveals that F2, F4, F6, and F8 formulas have a strong reducing power. Organoleptic evaluation by a jury shows that F4 formula is the best in terms of odor, aroma, and aftertaste agreeability.


Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ajmal Bashir ◽  
Cristian Silvestri ◽  
Amelia Salimonti ◽  
Eddo Rugini ◽  
Valerio Cristofori ◽  
...  

An efficient in vitro morphogenesis, specifically through somatic embryogenesis, is considered to be a crucial step for the application of modern biotechnological tools for genetic improvement in olive (Olea europaea L.). The effects of different ethylene inhibitors, i.e., cobalt chloride (CoCl2), salicylic acid (SA), and silver nitrate (AgNO3), were reported in the cyclic somatic embryogenesis of olive. Embryogenic callus derived from the olive immature zygotic embryos of the cultivar Leccino, was transferred to the expression ECO medium, supplemented with the ethylene inhibitors at 20 and 40 µM concentrations. Among these, the maximum number of somatic embryos (18.6) was obtained in media containing silver nitrate (40 µM), followed by cobalt chloride (12.2 somatic embryos @ 40 µM) and salicylic acid (40 µM), which produced 8.5 somatic embryos. These compounds interfered on callus traits: white friable embryogenic calli were formed in a medium supplemented with 40 µM cobalt chloride and salicylic acid; in addition, a yellow-compact embryogenic callus appeared at 20 µM of all the tested ethylene inhibitors. The resulting stimulatory action of silver nitrate among all the tested ethylene inhibitors on somatic embryogenesis, clearly demonstrates that our approach can efficiently contribute to the improvement of the current SE protocols for olive.


2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110633
Author(s):  
Yunusa Umar ◽  
SK Manirul Haque ◽  
Mamdouh Al-Harthi ◽  
Zakariya Sadique ◽  
Omar Ashwaq ◽  
...  

Date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in different parts of Saudi Arabia. The midribs rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are often burnt in the farms, causes severe environmental problems. In the present study, date palm midrib (DPM), these waste materials were powdered and incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Composites were prepared by varying the DPM loading (0–10 wt%) using the solution casting method. Tensile and thermal properties were analyzed for the composites with respect to filler loading. Addition of DPM as filler enhanced the tensile modulus while an inverse effect was observed in the elongation values. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis showed a gradual increase in melting temperature (Tm) and crystallinity values for PVA. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the incorporation of DPM into PVA can increase the thermal stability of PVA. Morphology of the composites were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).


Author(s):  
Irene Garcia-Maquilon ◽  
Alberto Coego ◽  
Jorge Lozano-Juste ◽  
Maxim Messerer ◽  
Carlos de Ollas ◽  
...  

Abstract The identification of those prevalent abscisic acid (ABA) receptors and molecular mechanisms that trigger drought adaptation in crops well adapted to harsh conditions such as date palm (Phoenix dactylifera, Pd) sheds light on plant–environment interactions. We reveal that PdPYL8-like receptors are predominantly expressed under abiotic stress, with Pd27 being the most expressed receptor in date palm. Therefore, subfamily I PdPYL8-like receptors have been selected for ABA signaling during abiotic stress response in this crop. Biochemical characterization of PdPYL8-like and PdPYL1-like receptors revealed receptor- and ABA-dependent inhibition of PP2Cs, which triggers activation of the pRD29B-LUC reporter in response to ABA. PdPYLs efficiently abolish PP2C-mediated repression of ABA signaling, but loss of the Trp lock in the seed-specific AHG1-like phosphatase PdPP2C79 markedly impairs its inhibition by ABA receptors. Characterization of Arabidopsis transgenic plants that express PdPYLs shows enhanced ABA signaling in seed, root, and guard cells. Specifically, Pd27-overexpressing plants showed lower ABA content and were more efficient than the wild type in lowering transpiration at negative soil water potential, leading to enhanced drought tolerance. Finally, PdPYL8-like receptors accumulate after ABA treatment, which suggests that ABA-induced stabilization of these receptors operates in date palm for efficient boosting of ABA signaling in response to abiotic stress.


Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florinda Fratianni ◽  
Antonio d’Acierno ◽  
Autilia Cozzolino ◽  
Patrizia Spigno ◽  
Riccardo Riccardi ◽  
...  

Bioactive compounds of different Campania native sweet pepper varieties were evaluated. Polyphenols ranged between 1.37 mmol g−1 and 3.42 mmol g−1, β-carotene was abundant in the red variety “Cazzone” (7.05 μg g−1). Yellow and red varieties showed a content of ascorbic acid not inferior to 0.82 mg g−1, while in some green varieties the presence of ascorbic acid was almost inconsistent. Interrelationships between the parameters analyzed and the varieties showed that ascorbic acid could represent the factor mostly influencing the antioxidant activity. Polyphenol profile was different among the varieties, with a general prevalence of acidic phenols in yellow varieties and of flavonoids in red varieties. Principal Component Analysis, applied to ascorbic acid, total polyphenols and β-carotene, revealed that two of the green varieties (“Friariello napoletano” and “Friariello Sigaretta”) were well clustered and that the yellow variety “Corno di capra” showed similarity with the green varieties, in particular with “Friariello Nocerese”. This was confirmed by the interrelationships applied to polyphenol composition, which let us to light on a clustering of several red and yellow varieties, and that mainly the yellow ”Corno di capra” was closer to the green varieties of “Friariello”.


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