scholarly journals Effects on Growth and Metabolism of Difference between Day and Night Temperatures (DIF) and Supplementation with Rare Earth Elements (REE) in Micropropagated Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C. E. Fischer

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Boling Liu ◽  
Lijun Tang ◽  
Bowen Gao ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong ◽  
Shijun Deng ◽  
...  

Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C. E. Fischer is an ornamental plant with certain medicinal values from the Orchidaceae family. Currently, micropropagation is the main means through which it is propagated. In this research, the effects of different daytime and nighttime temperatures (DIF) and medium supplementation with rare earth elements (REE) on the growth and metabolism of D. aphyllum during a micropropagation period were investigated. Three kinds of REE nitrates, La(NO₃)₃, Ce(NO₃)₃ and Nd(NO₃)₃, at four concentrations, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM, were added to the culture medium. Three DIFs, 0, 6 and 12 °C, with an identical mean daily temperature of 20 °C, were used with photoperiod/dark period temperatures of 20/20 °C, 23/17 °C and 26/14 °C, respectively. After four weeks of culture, both supplemental REE and DIF treatments promoted growth of the plant compared with the control group. With increased REE concentration and DIF, the growth of the plants was suppressed and symptoms of stress response occurred. At the same concentration, Ce(NO₃)₃ had a more significant promotional effect on plant growth. In general, the medium supplemented with 100 μM Ce(NO₃)₃ combined with a 6 °C DIF was the most optimal for the vegetative growth of the plant. A 12 °C DIF promoted synthesis of more primary metabolites such as total proteins and polysaccharides. From the perspective of improving the medicinal values of this plant, increasing the DIF for an optimal growth environment is a valuable reference. This study can provide a technical basis for the propagation and production of Dendrobium aphyllum in the future.

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xiong ◽  
Jiaman Pang ◽  
Liangkang Lv ◽  
Yujun Wu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
...  

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal supplementation with rare earth elements (REEs) on sows and their offspring. During late gestation, 120 multiparous sows were divided randomly into the control group (Basal diet) and REE-G group (Basal diet supplemented with 200 mg REE/kg). After delivery, REE-G group was further divided into two groups: REE-L- (Change to basal diet during lactation) and REE-L+ group (REE diet all the time). Our results showed that maternal REE supplementation improved the antioxidant and immunity of sows and piglets. Additionally, REE supply during late gestation significantly decreased the coefficient of within-litter variation (CV) in birth weight and increased the weaning weights and the average daily gain (ADG) of piglets. During lactation, the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in piglets of REE-L+ group were higher, while no difference between REE-L- and the control group. More beneficial bacteria (Christensenellaceae and Ruminococcaceae) were found in the REE-L+ group while some opportunistic pathogens (Proteobacteria and Campylobacter) were relatively suppressed. Fecal microbiota showed correlation with antioxidase, inflammatory factors, and average daily gain (ADG). Collectively, our findings indicated that REEs added in both gestation and lactation was more conducive to establish a healthier status for sows and their offspring.


2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
Charles Coudray ◽  
Christine Feillet-Coudray ◽  
Yves Rayssiguier

It is believed that rare earth elements are not absorbed, and thus they are generally used in some mineral absorption studies as a faecal marker. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of inulin intake and age on dysprosium (Dy) absorption in rats. Eighty male Wistar rats of four different ages (2, 5, 10 and 20 months) were randomised into either a control group or a group receiving 3·75% inulin in their diet for 4d and then 7·5% inulin until the end of the study. The animals were fed fresh food and waterad libitumfor 30d. The intestinal absorption of Dy was determined from a 4d (day 21 to day 25) balance study. Mean faecal Dy recovery (%) in the eight groups (3 months control, 3 months inulin, 6 months control, 6 months inulin, 11 months control, 11 months inulin, 21 months control, 21 months inulin) was 94·0 (sd 8·6), 64·8 (sd 10·1), 95·8 (sd 9·4), 81·5 (sd 12·1), 98·4 (sd 9·8), 87·8 (sd 9·5), 97·8 (sd 6·2) and 84·9 (sd 10·9), respectively. Our results showed clearly that dietary inulin intake decreased faecal Dy recovery in all four rat groups, and faecal Dy recovery was significantly higher in the old rats (10 and 20 months) than in the young and adult rats. These results show that the faecal recovery (or intestinal absorption) of Dy may vary greatly with nutritional or physiological states such as inulin intake or age. The use of rare earth elements as a faecal marker should be thus validated under each nutritional or physiological state before being employed in mineral absorption studies.


Author(s):  
Bing Cao ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Changlian Xu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Qing Xie ◽  
...  

The current study aims to investigate the influence of five rare earth elements (REEs) (i.e., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), and gadolinium (Gd)) on the growth of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, and to explore the accumulation characteristics of REEs in tissues and organs with different doses as well as the detoxification and elimination of high-dose REEs. Fifty healthy male SD rats (140~160 g) were randomly divided into five groups and four of them were given gavage of sodium citrate solution with REEs in different doses, one of which was the control group. Hair, blood, and bone samples along with specific viscera tissue samples from the spleen and the liver were collected for detection of REEs by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Treated rats expressed higher concentrations of REEs in the bones, the liver, and spleen samples than the control group (P < 0.05). Few differences were found in relative abundance of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Gd in the hair and the liver samples, although different administration doses were given. The relative abundance of Ce in bone samples was significantly lower in the low-dose group and control group, whereas the relative abundance of La and Pr in the bone samples were highest among all groups. Although in the REEs solution, which was given to rats in high-dose group, the La element had a higher relative abundance than Ce element, it ended up with higher Ce element relative abundance than La element in the spleen samples. REEs had a hormetic effect on body weight gain of SD rats. The accumulation of the measured REEs were reversible to low concentrations in the blood and hair, but non-reversible in the bones, the spleen, and the liver. Different tissues and organs can selectively absorb and accumulate REEs. Further inter-disciplinary studies about REEs are urgently needed to identify their toxic effects on both ecosystems and organisms.


2013 ◽  
Vol 456 ◽  
pp. 521-524
Author(s):  
Lian Jie Li ◽  
Xu Ren Huang ◽  
Hua Kai Wei

In this paper 7075 aluminum alloy is studied as the object, through adding different percentages of the rare earth elements expecting to optimize alloy formula and find the optimal dosage of rare earth in order to improve the microstructure and properties of weld. The results show that when the rare earth content reaches 0.3%, alloys tensile strength comes to 388.39 MPa, and extensibility 18.22%. Compared with the control group, tensile strength is increased about 8.4%, extensibility about 14.7%, and the integrative mechanical performance is optimal. Metallographic research shows that accession of rare earth elements have perfect refinement effect to the microstructure of 7075 aluminum alloy and can improve the quality of weld.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (104) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
V. I. Koshevoy ◽  
S. V. Naumenko ◽  
V. K. Klochkov ◽  
S. L. Yefimova

Determination of the influence of redox nanomaterials on the body of males is of great interest to researchers, because the basis of the pathogenesis of male infertility is oxidative stress. A necessary condition in the development of such drugs is the absence of toxic effects on sexual function. It has been proved that nanomaterials based on oxides of rare earth elements have a positive effect on reproductive capacity and, at the same time, they are not gonadotoxic. A comprehensive approach is of particular importance in order to justify their use as a means of reproductive capacity correction. Taking into account the toxicity parameters the mechanisms of their action need to be studied at the biochemical, morphological and clinical levels. The positive effect of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles on the quality of boar sperm (especially in terms of motility and the number of motile sperm in the ejaculate) with an effective reduction of the oxidative load on the body have been shown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of these nanoparticles on the hormonal background of males with a decreased reproductive capacity under oxidative stress. Thus, the administration of hydrosol of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles for 14 days revealed a normalization of sex hormones – an increase in total testosterone, in particular, on the 15th day of the study – by 22.6 % (P ˂ 0.01), and on the 30th day – by 77.4 % (P ˂ 0.001) compared with the group of animals before the administration. There was a decrease in the level of 17β-estradiol on the 30th day – by 25.0 % (P ˂ 0.01), which almost reached the values of the control group. A decrease in the content of globulin testosterone-estradiol-binding in boars of the experimental group, in particular, on the 15th day of the experiment – by 13.0 % (P ˂ 0.05), and on the 30th day – by 26.8 % (P ˂ 0.001) was determined, which, in turn, led to an increase in androgen saturation of the animal body – the index of free androgens at the end of the study was 43.2 %. The results are explained by the properties of the nanoparticles. Correcting oxidative stress, they increase the antioxidant potential, thereby normalizing the activity of endocrine glands and ways of regulating the germ-endocrine function of the gonads. The prospect of further research is to elucidate the effect of the correction of decreased reproductive capacity in boars under oxidative stress by nanoparticles of oxides of rare earth elements on the morphological state of the gonads.


1962 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1153
Author(s):  
V FASSEL ◽  
R CURRY ◽  
R KNISELEY

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