scholarly journals Multiple Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Grape Vegetative Growth, Berry Quality and Pest Development in Mediterranean Vineyards

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Arturo Cocco ◽  
Luca Mercenaro ◽  
Enrico Muscas ◽  
Alessandra Mura ◽  
Giovanni Nieddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Planococcus Ficus ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Grape Yield

Nitrogen is a key macronutrient for the quantitative and qualitative yield of grapes; in addition, it influences the development and reproduction of grape pests. The multiple effects of different nitrogen rates were investigated on the red berry cultivar ‘Carignano’ and the grape pest Planococcus ficus in a two-year field trial. Different amounts of ammonium nitrate were compared: 0, 80 and 160 Units ha−1 for mineral nitrogen. The amount of nitrogen fertilization supplied influenced the nitrogen status of vines and increased the pruning weight and leaf area, as well as the overall grape yield, by increasing the cluster weight. However, doubling the nitrogen rate did not generally increase the vegetative and productive parameters of grapevines. At harvest, nitrogen supply did not influence the anthocyanin content, tritatable acidity, and soluble solids, although the latter parameter showed a clear, yet not significant, decreasing trend. Planococcus ficus exhibited higher fecundity, survival and shorter development time on grapevines provided with nitrogen, whereas its fertility was unaffected by nitrogen fertilization. Ultimately, nitrogen had a direct and positive effect on grape yield and vine mealybug development, highlighting the importance of integrated cultural and pest control practices to promote grape production.

scholarly journals 186 Berry Quality and Photosynthate Partitioning in Response to Plant Growth Regulators in Grape

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 422E-422
Author(s):  
H. Yakushiji ◽  
K. Morinaga ◽  
Y. Koshita
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
C Distribution ◽  
Berry Maturation

The effects of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on berry maturation and photoassimilates partitioning were investigated. Five-year-old potted `Kyoho' grape grown under a non-heating glasshouse were used. TIBA (200 mg/L) and NAA (200 mg/L) were applied to clusters at the beginning of veraison (45 days after full bloom). TIBA application increased not only soluble solids concentration in the juice but also anthocyanin content of peel, compared with those of control. On the other hand, the application of NAA reduced berry growth and delayed the berry maturation with harder flesh, lower soluble solids, higher acidity and poor coloration. In order to examine the effect of both plant growth regulators on photoassimilates partitioning in plant tissues, the whole plants were fed with 13CO2 at 10 days and 20 days after application of TIBA and NAA. The 13C distribution of pericarp and peel in NAA application was found on the lowest among the treatments. However, there were no significant differences in the 13C distribution and 13C absorption rate of pericarps between TIBA and control. These results indicate that NAA weakened the sink activity in grape berries, resulted in smaller berry size and the delay of maturation, whereas the berry ripening induced by TIBA application could not be explained by the distribution of photoassimilates in grape berries.

The influence of fertiliser nitrogen application on development and number of reproductive primordia in field-grown two- and six-rowed barleys

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Arisnabarreta ◽  
Daniel J. Miralles
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Heading Time ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Phenological Phases

A field experiment using different 2- and 6-rowed barley cultivars grown at two contrasting nitrogen supply rates (40 and 150 kg N/ha) without water restrictions was carried out to explore how the number of leaf primordia and the rate of leaf emergence interact to modify the duration of different pre-heading phenological phases, and to analyse the dynamics of initiation and mortality of different subcomponents of grain number per unit area, in response to different fertiliser nitrogen regimes.The lower nitrogen supply (40 kg N/ha) delayed heading time as a consequence of higher phyllochron, without any effect on the final number of leaves initiated in the apex. The different fertiliser nitrogen rates only altered the co-ordination between tiller appearance and leaf emergence in two of the 6-rowed cultivars, whereas for the rest of the cultivars, co-ordination between leaf emergence and primary tiller appearance was not altered by fertiliser nitrogen rate. The lower nitrogen supply resulted in less fertile florets per ear due to a reduction in floret primordia survival, without any effect on the maximum number of spikelet primordia initiated in the apex. The higher floret abortion observed in 6-rowed compared with 2-rowed cultivars could be associated with the fact that lateral floret primordia, in those apical and basal positions within the ear in 6-rowed cultivars, are poorly developed with respect to the central spikelets.

scholarly journals Berry quality of hybrid grapevine (Vitis) cultivars grown in the field and in a polytunnel

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Maante-Kuljus ◽  
Ele Vool ◽  
Leila Mainla ◽  
Marge Starast ◽  
Kadri Karp
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of vineyard location and cultivation system (polytunnel compared to field) on hybrid grapevine berry quality in cold climate conditions. The study was conducted with the hybrid grapevine cultivars ‘Hasanski Sladki’, ‘Zilga’ and ‘Supaga’. Experimental vineyards were located at different sites in a polytunnel and in the field. Soluble solids content ranged from 13.8 to 25.4 °Brix. For all cultivars cultivation in the tunnel had a positive effect on soluble solids content for two experimental years out of three. Acid content was high, ranging from 1.04 to 1.76 g 100 g-1 FW. Growing ‘Zilga’ and ‘Supaga’ in the tunnel reduced titratable acid content every year but for ‘Hasanski Sladki’ in two years. Phenolic content ranged from 53 to 540 g 100 g-1 FW and anthocyanin from 30 to 162 mg 100 g-1 FW. Accumulation of phenols and anthocyanins were affected by location and cultivation methods. For ‘Hasanski Sladki’ in the tunnel, cultivation had a positive effect on phenolic content but for ‘Zilga’ not in every year.

scholarly journals Effect of Trinexapac-ethyl associated with nitrogen fertilization on upland rice nutritional status and grain yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e6779119409
Author(s):  
Samuel Ferrari ◽  
Luis Fernando dos Santos Cordeiro ◽  
Luís Guilherme Delovo Carara ◽  
Vagner do Nascimento ◽  
Paulo Renato Matos Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Floral Differentiation ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Trinexapac-ethyl spraying time and proper nitrogen rate are essential to reduce plant height and lodging at harvest, without affecting rice yield and nutritional balance. This study aimed to evaluate trinexapac-ethyl spraying time and N contents as topdressing for upland rice paddies. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design and a 4x5 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments consisted of four trinexapac-ethyl spraying times, in the phenological stages of tillering, floral differentiation, between tillering and floral differentiation, and a control (without spraying), and five nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200, kg ha-1) as topdressing. As nitrogen topdressing rates increased, leaf contents of N, Fe++, and Zn++ increased, while S and Mn++ decreased; however, contents of P, Ca++, Mg++, B, and Cu++ were little influenced. When trinexapac-ethyl was applied, leaf contents of N, P, S, B, and Zn++ were little influenced, while P, Ca++, Mg++, Fe++, and Mn++ increased, and Cu++ decreased. Trinexapac-ethyl can be applied at tillering without decreasing rice yield. Upland rice increased grain yield by 58 and 46% in two consecutive crop years due to application of about 120 kg N ha-1 as topdressing.

792 PB 036 EFFECT OF ROOTSTOCKS ON SHOOTGROWTH. BERRY QUALITY. AND YIELD OF “FUJIMINORI” GRAPES TREATED WITH GIBBERELLIC ACID

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 546e-546
Author(s):  
N. Kubota ◽  
H. Takigawa ◽  
X. Ri ◽  
K. Yasui
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Berry Quality

Shoot and berry growth, sugar. titratable acidity, and anthocyanin contents of berries and crop yields of “Fujiminori” grapes (Vitis vinifera × V. labruscana) were determined in vines grafted 10 eight different rootstocks: 3309, 3306, 101-14. 5BB. 5C, 8B. SO4, and 420A. Three-year-old vines of 5BB stock and S-year-old vines of each of the other stocks grown in an unheated plastic house were used for this investigation. Shoot growth was more vigorous on vines grafted to 5BB compared to 3309, SO4, and 8B. The highest yield per unit area was observed in vines grafted to 3306. followed in order by 5BB, 3309, 101-14, SO4, 5C, 8B, and 420A. The largest berry size was observed in vines grafted to 3306, followed by 5BB, 101-14, 3309, 8B, 5C, SO4, and 420A. Berries of vines grafted to 420A and 5BB had the highest tota1 soluble solids, followed in descending order by 8B, 101-14. and 5C. Titratable acidity of berry juice was lowest in vines grafted to 420A. The anthocyanin content of berry skin was higher in vines grafted to 420A and 101-14 than in berries of other stocks. GA-treatment did not increase the percentage of seedless berries of this cultivar to a commercially acceptable level for any of the rootstocks used.

scholarly journals Dissimilar Responses of Ancient Grapevines Recovered in Navarra (Spain) to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Terms of Berry Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carmen Antolín ◽  
David Izurdiaga ◽  
Leyre Urmeneta ◽  
Inmaculada Pascual ◽  
Juan José Irigoyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Negative Impacts

The exploitation of genetic diversity within agricultural plants, including grapevine, is suggested as a valuable tool to cope with the negative impacts of climate change on yield and crop quality. In some winegrowing regions of Europe, there is a renewed interest in knowing the grapevine genetic resources available, focusing on the prospection, recovery, and study of ancient cultivars typical of every zone. Grapevines are naturally associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which provide some benefits to the host plant, although such effects depending on many factors, including variety. Therefore, the aim of this research was to characterize the potential fruit quality of eight old grapevine varieties recovered in Navarre (northeastern of the Iberian Peninsula), associated or not with AMF. The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings grown under controlled conditions (greenhouse). Overall, AMF inoculation reduced bunch and berry mass, as well as phenolic content in fruits. In some varieties, AMF association improved some berry traits by increasing the concentrations of soluble solids and anthocyanins; in others, berry colour, total phenolic and anthocyanin content were diminished in AMF-inoculated plants. The results, therefore, suggest that intraspecific diversity of old grapevines could include different abilities to respond to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.

scholarly journals Berry Quality and Anthocyanin Content of ‘Consort’ Black Currants Grown under Artificial Shade

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Eric Wolske ◽  
Laura Chatham ◽  
John Juvik ◽  
Bruce Branham
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Berry Quality

The effect of artificial shade on berry quality parameters for the field-grown black currant cultivar ‘Consort’ were investigated over two growing seasons in Urbana, Illinois. Four shade treatments reduced photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from 37 to 83%. Shade had no effect on soluble solids in up to 65% PAR reduction but decreased 11% in 83% shade in one of two years. Shade increased titratable acidity up to 23% in both years. The effect of shade on anthocyanin content revealed greater variation between years than treatments. Shade influence on anthocyanin content was only observed in 2017, when cyanidin derivatives decreased 13–14% from open-sun to 83% shade. Shade did not affect delphinidin derivatives in either year. Environmental factors other than artificial shade may impact black currant berry quality in an understory environment. The results of our study indicate that black currants can maintain berry quality with PAR reductions up to 65%, but some berry quality parameters may decrease when PAR reductions exceed 65% of full sun.

scholarly journals Fertilization and Soil Nutrients Impact Differentially Cranberry Yield and Quality in Eastern Canada

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Reza Jamaly ◽  
Serge-Étienne Parent ◽  
Léon E. Parent
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Organic Farming Systems

High berry yield and quality of conventionally and organically grown cranberry stands require proper nutrient sources and dosage. Our objective was to model the response of cultivar “Stevens” to N, P, K, Mg, Cu, and B fertilization under conventional and organic farming systems. A 3-year trial was conducted on permanent plots at four production sites in Quebec, Canada. We analyzed yield predictors, marketable yield, and fruit quality in response to fertilization and soil properties. Cranberry responded primarily to nitrogen fertilization and, to a lesser extent, to potassium. Berry yield was closely related to the number of fruiting uprights (r = 0.92), berry counts per fruiting upright (r = 0.91), number of reproductive uprights (r = 0.83), and fruit set (r = 0.77). Nitrogen increased berry yield nonlinearly but decreased berry firmness, total anthocyanin content (TAcy), and total soluble solids content (°Brix) linearly, indicating a trade-off between berry yield and quality. Fertilizer dosage at a high-yield level ranged between 30 and 45 kg N ha−1 in both conventional and organic farming systems. Slow-release fertilizers delayed crop maturity and should thus be managed differently than ammonium sulfate. Berry weight increased with added K. Redundancy analysis showed a close correlation between marketable yield, berry quality indices, and soil tests, especially K and Ca, indicating the need for soil test calibration.

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Term

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gajewski ◽  
Zenon Węglarz ◽  
Anna Sereda ◽  
Marta Bajer ◽  
Agnieszka Kuczkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Carrot Juice ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Nitrates Content

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest TermIn 2007-2008 the effect of nitrogen fertilization and harvest term on quality of two carrot cultivars was investigated. The field experiment was carried out in Żelazna Experimental Station of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Karotan F1and Trafford F1cultivars, commonly grown for juice industry, were the objects of the experiment. Carrot seeds were sown at the beginning of May. Nitrogen fertilization was applied in five rates, ranged from 0 to 120 kg·ha-1and in two terms — before sowing and in the middle of growing season. Roots were harvested in three terms: mid-September, mid-October and the first decade of November. After harvest there were determined: nitrates (NO3) content in carrot roots and juice, soluble solids, colour parameters of juice in CIE L*a*b*system. The dose and the term of nitrogen fertilization influenced nitrates content in carrots, and the highest NO3concentration was found in carrots fertilized with 120 kg·ha-1of N before sowing. Karotan showed higher nitrates accumulation than Trafford. The content of nitrates in the roots was markedly higher than in carrot juice. Nitrates content in carrots decreased with delaying of harvest time, in opposite to soluble solids content. Soluble solids content and colour parameters of carrot juice were not affected by nitrogen fertilization, but the lowest L*, a*and b*values were observed at the last term of harvest.

Influence of Planting Stock Clove Size, Nitrogen Rate, and Planting Method on Elephant Garlic Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 517f-518
Author(s):  
Jeanine M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

To produce large elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) bulbs in the southeastern United States, stock cloves must be planted in the fall. During extremely cold winters, however, winter survival rates can be very low. A 2-year study was undertaken to examine practices to increase winter survival rates. Two clove sizes (≤20 g or >20 g), three nitrogen rates (112, 224, and 336 kg/ha), and three planting methods (flat, mulched, and hilled) were tested in a RCB design with four replications. For all planting methods, cloves were set in a shallow trench and covered with soil to ground level. This was also the flat treatment. For the mulched treatment, 7 cm of straw was spread on top. For the hilled treatment, soil was mounded 10 to 15 cm high over the ground level. Cloves were planted in early October and harvested in mid-June. Use of large planting stock cloves increased winter survival rates during the harsh winter, but had no effect during the mild winter. Both years, winter survival was reduced with the flat treatment. Yields of marketable bulbs were 4 to 5 times higher when >20 g cloves were planted than when ≤20 g cloves were used. Nitrogen rate and planting method had no effect on yields. The >20 g cloves also produced larger bulbs than the smaller cloves. Of the three planting methods, the flat treatment produced the smallest bulbs. Bulbs were much larger following the mild winter than the harsh winter.

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