scholarly journals Mitigation of Commercial Food Waste-Related Salinity Stress Using Halotolerant Rhizobacteria in Chinese Cabbage Plants

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aaqil Khan ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Shifa Shaffique ◽  
Eun-Hae Kwon ◽  
Sang-Mo Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Practice

The use of commercial food waste in the Korean agricultural industry is increasing due to its capacity to act as an ecofriendly fertilizer. However, the high salt content of food waste can be detrimental to plant health and increase salinity levels in agricultural fields. In the current study, we introduced halotolerant rhizobacteria to neutralize the negative impact of food waste-related salt stress on crop productivity. We isolated halotolerant rhizobacteria from plants at Pohang beach, and screened bacterial isolates for their plant growth-promoting traits and salt stress-mitigating capacity; consequently, the bacterial isolate Bacillus pumilus MAK9 was selected for further investigation. This isolate showed higher salt stress tolerance and produced indole-3-acetic acid along with other organic acids. Furthermore, the inoculation of B. pumilus MAK9 into Chinese cabbage plants alleviated the effects of salt stress and enhanced plant growth parameters, i.e., it increased shoot length (32%), root length (41%), fresh weight (18%), dry weight (35%), and chlorophyll content (13%) compared with such measurements in plants treated with food waste only (control). Moreover, relative to control plants, inoculated plants showed significantly decreased abscisic acid content (2-fold) and increased salicylic acid content (11.70%). Bacillus pumilus MAK9-inoculated Chinese cabbage plants also showed a significant decrease in glutathione (11%), polyphenol oxidase (17%), and superoxide anions (18%), but an increase in catalase (14%), peroxidase (19%), and total protein content (26%) in comparison to the levels in control plants. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis showed that B. pumilus MAK9-inoculated plants had higher calcium (3%), potassium (22%), and phosphorus (15%) levels, whereas sodium content (7%) declined compared with that in control plants. Similarly, increases in glucose (17%), fructose (11%), and sucrose (14%) contents were recorded in B. pumilus MAK9-inoculated plants relative to in control plants. The bacterial isolate MAK9 was confirmed as B. pumilus using 16S rRNA and phylogenetic analysis. In conclusion, the use of commercially powered food waste could be a climate-friendly agricultural practice when rhizobacteria that enhance tolerance to salinity stress are also added to plants.

scholarly journals Silicon ameliorates the adverse effects of salt stress on sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia) seedlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Guo-Qiang ◽  
Liu Hai-Long ◽  
Feng Rui-Jun ◽  
Wang Chun-Mei ◽  
Du Yong-Yong
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Relative Membrane Permeability

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the application of silicon (Si) ameliorates the detrimental effects of salinity stress on sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia). Three-week-old seedlings were exposed to 0 and 100 mmol/L NaCl with or without 1 mmol/L Si for 7 days. The results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth, shoot chlorophyll content and root K<sup>+</sup> concentration, but increased shoot malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, relative membrane permeability (RMP) and Na<sup>+</sup> concentrations of shoot and root in sainfoin compared to the control (no added Si and NaCl). However, the addition of Si significantly enhanced growth, chlorophyll content of shoot, K<sup>+</sup> and soluble sugars accumulation in root, while it reduced shoot MDA concentration, RMP and Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation of shoot and root in plants under salt stress. It is clear that silicon ameliorates the adverse effects of salt stress on sainfoin by limiting Na<sup>+</sup> uptake and enhancing selectivity for K<sup>+</sup>, and by adjusting the levels of organic solutes. The present study provides physiological insights into understanding the roles of silicon in salt tolerance in sainfoin.

scholarly journals Acclimation with humic acids enhances maize and tomato tolerance to salinity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Costa Souza ◽  
Daniel Basílio Zandonadi ◽  
Mirella Pupo Santos ◽  
Natália Oliveira Aguiar Canellas ◽  
Cleiton de Paula Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Ion Balance ◽  
Tomato Seedlings

Abstract Background Salinity is one of the major environmental threats to agriculture, limiting plant growth and reducing crop yield. The use of humic substances to alleviate salt stress in plants is well reported, but the mechanisms remain unclear. This work aimed to apply humic acids on seedlings to acclimate plants to tolerate further salt stress exposition as a pre-treatment. Materials and methods Two independent experiments with mono (maize) and dicot (tomato) seedlings were carried out. Maize was primed by humic acids (4 mM C) and further submitted to moderate salinity exposition (60 mM NaCl). The acclimation period of maize seedlings was characterized by ion balance and transcriptomic analysis of salt response genes. The tomato seedlings were also primed by humic acids (4 mM C) and exposed further to salinity (200 mM NaCl), and we measured only physiological aspect, including the activity of plasma membrane proton pumps and net photosynthesis rate. Results Seedlings primed by humic acids minimized the salinity stress by changing ion balance, promoting plasma membrane proton pumps activity and enhancing photosynthesis rate and plant growth. We showed for the first time that maize seedlings treated with humic acids had a high transcription level of salt responsive genes and transcription factors even before the salt exposition. Conclusion Humic acids previously activate cellular and molecular salt defence machinery, anticipating the response and reducing salinity stress. This is a key knowledge to manipulate manufactured biostimulants based on humic substances towards a maximized crop protection. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Rhizobacteria Isolated from Saline Soil Induce Systemic Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against Salinity Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
Roomina Mazhar ◽  
Humaira Yasmin ◽  
Wajiha Khan ◽  
Sumera Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Halo-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have the inherent potential to cope up with salinity. Thus, they can be used as an effective strategy in enhancing the productivity of saline agro-systems. In this study, a total of 50 isolates were screened from the rhizospheric soil of plants growing in the salt range of Pakistan. Out of these, four isolates were selected based on their salinity tolerance and plant growth promotion characters. These isolates (SR1. SR2, SR3, and SR4) were identified as Bacillus sp. (KF719179), Azospirillum brasilense (KJ194586), Azospirillum lipoferum (KJ434039), and Pseudomonas stutzeri (KJ685889) by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. In vitro, these strains, in alone and in a consortium, showed better production of compatible solute and phytohormones, including indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin (CK), and abscisic acid (ABA), in culture conditions under salt stress. When tested for inoculation, the consortium of all four strains showed the best results in terms of improved plant biomass and relative water content. Consortium-inoculated wheat plants showed tolerance by reduced electrolyte leakage and increased production of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll, and osmolytes, including soluble sugar, proline, amino acids, and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase), upon exposure to salinity stress (150 mM NaCl). In conclusion, plant growth-promoting bacteria, isolated from salt-affected regions, have strong potential to mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress in wheat crop, when inoculated. Therefore, this consortium can be used as potent inoculants for wheat crop under prevailing stress conditions.

scholarly journals Microbial Derived Compounds Are a Promising Approach to Mitigating Salinity Stress in Agricultural Crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Naamala ◽  
Donald L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Key Issues

The use of microbial derived compounds is a technological approach currently gaining popularity among researchers, with hopes of complementing, supplementing and addressing key issues associated with use of microbial cells for enhancing plant growth. The new technology is a promising approach to mitigating effects of salinity stress in agricultural crops, given that these compounds could be less prone to effects of salt stress, are required in small quantities and are easier to store and handle than microbial cells. Microorganism derived compounds such as thuricin17, lipochitooligosaccharides, phytohormones and volatile organic compounds have been reported to mitigate the effects of salt stress in agricultural crops such as soybean and wheat. This mini-review compiles current knowledge regarding the use of microbe derived compounds in mitigating salinity stress in crops, the mechanisms they employ as well as future prospects.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Plasticity for Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Milk Thistle under Salt Stress: Modulatory Role of Soil Supplementations with Plant Growth Promoters

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 692-700
Author(s):  
Noreen Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Plant Growth Promoters ◽  
Semi Arid

Salinity stress negatively affects key physiological phenomena in plants while plants show great variability and respond differentially for tolerance to salt stress. Usually, nutrients imbalances affect specific plant tissues and physiological processes which are requisite for normal plant growth and development. The aim of this two-year (2017 and 2018) simulated field study was to investigate phenotypic plasticity for growth, relative leaf water content (RLWC) and nutrient status in milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] ecotypes and the potential role of soil supplementation with pre-optimized levels of plant growth promoters (PGPs) in modulating these attributes under control and salinity (12 dS/m) stress. Four ecotypes of milk thistle were collected from three ecologically distinct zones including Faisalabad (FSD) and Kalar Kahar (KK) – semi-arid zone, Gujranwala (GUJ) – hot semi-arid zone and Quetta (QTA) – cool semi-arid zone. The studied nutrients were nitrate-N, phosphate-P, sulfate-S, sodium (Na), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca). The soil supplemented PGPs, applied with irrigation water, were ascorbic acid (AsA), thiourea (TU) and moringa leaf extract (MLE) at 250 μM, 500 μM and 3%, respectively of soil moisture content at field capacity. Results indicated that soil supplementation of PGPs in the field conditions is a feasible approach for enhancing nutrient uptake of milk thistle ecotypes under salt stress, while the effect of salinity stress restricted the uptake of the studied nutrients and caused their imbalance. Although the salinity stress reduced shoot and root dry matter, RLWC and restricted the uptake of these nutrients irrespective of ecotypes, the levels of nitrate-N, phosphate-P, K, sulfate-S, Ca, and RWC contents increased more with the soil supplementation of AsA followed by MLE as compared to other soil supplements in both the study years. Among the ecotypes, QTA followed by KK and FSD ecotypes gained more dry weight with greater leaf RWC and higher tissue nutrient contents due to PGPs under salt stress. The principal component analysis and correlation data revealed the existence of distinct phenotypic plasticity in the milk thistle ecotypes for nutrient acquisition with soil supplementation of PGPs under salinity stress. To conclude, ecotypes from QTA and KK were more promising than the others while AsA and MLE were better soil supplements in improving shoot and root nutrients under salt stress. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Improving salinity tolerance in Salvia officinalis L. by foliar application of salicylic acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Zohra Es-sbihi ◽  
Zakaria Hazzoumi ◽  
Abderrahim Aasfar ◽  
Khalid Amrani Joutei
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Nacl Toxicity

Abstract Background Higher absorption and translocation of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) ions in plant tissue can lead to serious physiological and biochemical changes. However, salicylic acid (SA) is a natural signaling molecule responsible for the induction of environmental stress tolerance in plants. Spraying SA could provide protection against several types of stress such as salinity. This study aimed to show the influence of SA spraying (0.5 and 1 mM) on the damaging effects of NaCl toxicity (150 mM) in Salvia officinalis L. plants. Results The results showed that salinity strongly inhibited the growth of aerial and root parts and this inhibition was accompanied by a significant decrease in the production of chlorophyll pigments (by 63%). There was also a significant accumulation of Na, mainly in the roots. This accumulation of Na+ ions was accompanied by a decrease of calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. However, SA mainly at 0.5 mM, greatly improved plant growth, essential oils and chlorophyll pigments synthesis. Besides, SA led to a decrease in Na content and an improvement in Ca, K and P content in the leaves and roots. Salt stress decreased the essential oil yield from 1.2% (control) to 0.4% (NaCl). Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils exhibited that the 1,8-cineol, α-thujone, and camphor were identified as the main components of essential oils under all treatments. However, we noted in stressed plant treated or not with SA the appearance of the new majority compound thujanone. Salt stress decreased the major compounds content. SA spray under stress condition increased the content of major compounds compared to stressed plants untreated with SA. The histological study in scanning electron microscopy showed the peltate glands density decreased strongly under NaCl toxicity. However, SA application on stressed plants increased peltate glands density. On the other hand, the glands of stressed plants often show certain anomalies in the morphology: the first anomaly observed was the presence of glandular structures characterized by deformations in the form of small protuberances located on the head of the gland. The second, a less common abnormality is the morphological change in certain glands that change from a spherical to an ovoid shape. On another hand, all these anomalies were not detected in stressed plants sprayed with SA. Therefore, the absence of these anomalies under the effect of SA showed the repairing effect of this growth regulator. Conclusion The findings of the present work suggest that spraying of SA may be useful for improving the plant growth in NaCl-contaminated areas.

scholarly journals Growth promotion and yield enhancement of barley cultivars using ACC deaminase producing Pseudomonas fluorescens strains under salt stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Azadikhah ◽  
Fatemeh Jamali ◽  
Hamid-Reza Nooryazdan ◽  
Fereshteh Bayat
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enzyme reduce the level of stress, ethylene and stimulate plant growth under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The present study aims at characterizing efficient salt-tolerant, ACC deaminase containing Pseudomonas fluorescens strains with plant growth-promoting activity isolated from the rhizosphere of barley plants and evaluating the influence of potent plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates on growth and yield of five barley cultivars under salinity stress. Plant growth and yield in barley cultivars following inoculation with salt-tolerant, ACC deaminase producing PGPR strains under salt stress were quantified. Results indicated that under various levels of salinity (50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) inoculation with PGPRs had positive impact on growth parameters and yield of barley cultivars including plant height, spike length, weight and number, peduncle length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield, comparing to uninoculated control plants under salinity stress. Inoculation of barley cultivars with bacteria ameliorated the negative effects of salinity and resulted in increase in growth and yield. Besides, as the salinity levels increased, growth and yield of barley cultivars decreased; however, cultivars showed different responses to salt stress. This study demonstrates the vital role of rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase for increasing salt tolerance and consequently improving the growth and yield of barley plants under salinity stress.

scholarly journals Protection of Photosynthesis by Halotolerant Staphylococcus sciuri ET101 in Tomato (Lycoperiscon esculentum) and Rice (Oryza sativa) Plants During Salinity Stress: Possible Interplay Between Carboxylation and Oxygenation in Stress Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarin Taj ◽  
Dinakar Challabathula
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Atp Levels ◽  
Ros Accumulation

Tomato (Lycoperiscon esculentum) and rice (Oryza sativa) are the two most important agricultural crops whose productivity is severely impacted by salinity stress. Soil salinity causes an irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus in plants at all developmental stages leading to significant reduction in agricultural productivity. Reduction in photosynthesis is the primary response that is observed in all glycophytic plants during salt stress. Employment of salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is an economical and viable approach for the remediation of saline soils and improvement of plant growth. The current study is aimed towards investigating the growth patterns and photosynthetic responses of rice and tomato plants upon inoculation with halotolerant PGPB Staphylococcus sciuri ET101 under salt stress conditions. Tomato and rice plants inoculated with PGPB showed increased growth rate and stimulated root growth, along with higher transpiration rates (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and intracellular CO2 accumulation (Ci). Additionally, correlation of relative water content (RWC) to electrolyte leakage (EL) in tomato and rice plants showed decreased EL in inoculated plants during salt stress conditions, along with higher proline and glycine betaine content. Energy dissipation by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and increased photorespiration of 179.47% in tomato and 264.14% in rice plants were observed in uninoculated plants subjected to salinity stress. Furthermore, reduced photorespiration with improved salinity tolerance is observed in inoculated plants. The higher rates of photosynthesis in inoculated plants during salt stress were accompanied by increased quantum efficiency (ΦPSII) and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II. Furthermore, inoculated plants showed increased carboxylation efficiency of RuBisCO, along with higher photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) (J) during salinity stress. Although the total cellular ATP levels are drastically affected by salt stress in tomato and rice plants along with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, the restoration of cellular ATP levels in leaves of inoculated plants along with decreased ROS accumulation suggests the protective role of PGPB. Our results reveal the beneficial role of S. sciuri ET101 in protection of photosynthesis and amelioration of salinity stress responses in rice and tomato plants.

scholarly journals Halotolerant bacteria mitigate the effects of salinity stress on soybean growth by regulating secondary metabolites and molecular responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aaqil Khan ◽  
Atlaw Anbelu Sahile ◽  
Rahmatullah Jan ◽  
Sajjad Asaf ◽  
Muhammad Hamayun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Stress Inoculation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Pgp Traits

Abstract Background Salinity is a major threat to the agriculture industry due to the negative impact of salinity stress on crop productivity. In the present study, we isolated rhizobacteria and evaluated their capacities to promote crop growth under salt stress conditions. Results We isolated rhizospheric bacteria from sand dune flora of Pohang beach, Korea, and screened them for plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Among 55 bacterial isolates, 14 produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 10 produced siderophores, and 12 produced extracellular polymeric and phosphate solubilization. Based on these PGP traits, we selected 11 isolates to assess for salinity tolerance. Among them, ALT29 and ALT43 showed the highest tolerance to salinity stress. Next, we tested the culture filtrate of isolates ALT29 and ALT43 for IAA and organic acids to confirm the presence of these PGP products. To investigate the effects of ALT29 and ALT43 on salt tolerance in soybean, we grew seedlings in 0 mM, 80 mM, 160 mM, and 240 mM NaCl treatments, inoculating half with the bacterial isolates. Inoculation with ALT29 and ALT43 significantly increased shoot length (13%), root length (21%), shoot fresh and dry weight (44 and 35%), root fresh and dry weight (9%), chlorophyll content (16–24%), Chl a (8–43%), Chl b (13–46%), and carotenoid (14–39%) content of soybean grown under salt stress. Inoculation with ALT29 and ALT43 also significantly decreased endogenous ABA levels (0.77-fold) and increased endogenous SA contents (6–16%), increased total protein (10–20%) and glutathione contents, and reduced lipid peroxidation (0.8–5-fold), superoxide anion (21–68%), peroxidase (12.14–17.97%), and polyphenol oxidase (11.76–27.06%) contents in soybean under salinity stress. In addition, soybean treated with ALT29 and ALT43 exhibited higher K+ uptake (9.34–67.03%) and reduced Na+ content (2–4.5-fold). Genes involved in salt tolerance, GmFLD19 and GmNARK, were upregulated under NaCl stress; however, significant decreases in GmFLD19 (3–12-fold) and GmNARK (1.8–3.7-fold) expression were observed in bacterial inoculated plants. Conclusion In conclusion, bacterial isolates ALT29 and ALT43 can mitigate salinity stress and increase plant growth, providing an eco-friendly approach for addressing saline conditions in agricultural production systems.

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