scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Nothotylenchus medians and N. similis (Nematoda: Anguinidae) from Southern Alberta, Canada

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Maria Munawar ◽  
Atta Ur Rahman ◽  
Pablo Castillo ◽  
Dmytro P. Yevtushenko

The nematode family, Anguinidae, is a diverse group of polyphagous nematodes, generally known as fungal feeders or parasites of aerial plant parts. Here, we present the morphological and molecular characterization of adult females of two Nothotylenchus species, N. medians and N. similis, along with host association and geographical distribution data of the genus. Both species are recorded as new reports from Canada and designated as reference populations for future studies. Morphological or morphometrical variation was not observed in the Canadian population of N. medians and N. similis, in comparison with the original description. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18S and D2–D3 of 28S genes placed both species within Anguinidae. Since the biology of the genus Nothotylenchus has not been rigorously characterized, the habitat and distribution information presented in this study will shed some light on the ecology of these nematodes. Notably, the detection of N. medians and N. similis in our nematode inventory survey indicates that considerable Nothotylenchus diversity is hidden in these soils. Consequently, increased surveys and more in-depth research are needed to explore the full diversity of anguinids inhabiting these cultivated areas.

Author(s):  
M. Chaithra ◽  
S. Vanitha ◽  
A. Ramanathan ◽  
V. Jegadeeshwari ◽  
V. Rajesh ◽  
...  

Aim: To identify cocoa associated endophytic fungi through morphological and molecular techniques. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plant Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu from April 2018 to November 2019. Methodology: Endophytic fungal isolates were isolated from different parts of cocoa using Petrini method. Isolated endophytic fungal strains were grown in Malt extract broth and total genomic DNA was isolated and amplified using universal primers ITS1F and ITS4R. Amplified rDNA was visualized and documented. Results: Morphological and molecular characterization of six endophytic fungi revealed that they are from four different taxa viz., Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae PAK-7, Arthrinium rasikravindrae P11, Arthrinium rasikravindrae P12, Diaporthe sp. Vef-3, Lasiodiplodia theobromae TN-R-3,  Colletotrichum sp. TN-9-2 belonging to four different families viz., Botryosphaeriaceae, Apiosporaceae, Diaporthaceae and Glomorellaceae under Phylum Ascomycota. Conclusion:  The present study indicates the distribution and diversity of fungal endophytes in different plant parts of the cocoa tree in south India.


Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2300
Author(s):  
Sergio Álvarez-Ortega

This paper deals with the morphological and molecular characterization of Kochinema farodai Baqri and Bohra, 2001, with an integrative approach. The finding of K. faroidai in California is a remarkable biogeographical novelty, as it is the first American record of the species. Molecular data herein obtained represent the first molecular study of the genus Kochinema. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of a member of Kochinema are provided for the first time. Additionally, this contribution provides new insights into the phylogeny and taxonomy of the nematode genus Kochinema. A brief historical outline of the matter is presented. Then, the morphological pattern of the genus is revised and illustrated, the anterior position of amphids, whose opening is located on lateral lip, being its most relevant diagnostic feature. The phylogenetic analysis inferred from D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene shows that Kochinema clustered together with other dorylaimid species characterized by the absence of pars refringens vaginae and that it does not share a recent common ancestor with other members of the family Nordiidae. A likely polyphyly of the family Nordiidae is confirmed. Finally, an updated taxonomy of the genus is proposed, including a revised diagnosis, a list of species, a key to species identification, and a compendium of their main morphometrics and distribution data.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Gülbahar Abaramak ◽  
Jaime Ricardo Porras-Domínguez ◽  
Henry Christopher Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Eveline Lescrinier ◽  
Ebru Toksoy Öner ◽  
...  

Fructans are fructose-based (poly)saccharides with inulin and levan being the best-known ones. Thanks to their health-related benefits, inulin-type fructans have been under the focus of scientific and industrial communities, though mostly represented by plant-based inulins, and rarely by microbial ones. Recently, it was discovered that some extremely halophilic Archaea are also able to synthesize fructans. Here, we describe the first in-depth functional and molecular characterization of an Archaeal inulosucrase from Halomicrobium sp. IBSBa (HmcIsc). The HmcIsc enzyme was recombinantly expressed and purified in Escherichia coli and shown to synthesize inulin as proven by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. In accordance with the halophilic lifestyle of its native host, the enzyme showed maximum activity at very high NaCl concentrations (3.5 M), with specific adaptations for that purpose. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that Archaeal inulosucrases have been acquired from halophilic bacilli through horizontal gene transfer, with a HX(H/F)T motif evolving further into a HXHT motif, together with a unique D residue creating the onset of a specific alternative acceptor binding groove. This work uncovers a novel area in fructan research, highlighting unexplored aspects of life in hypersaline habitats, and raising questions about the general physiological relevance of inulosucrases and their products in nature.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangle Lu ◽  
Tomas Policar ◽  
Xiaojun Song ◽  
Samad Rahimnejad

This study aimed at achieving the molecular characterization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1β (PGC-1β) and exploring its modulatory roles in mitochondria biogenesis in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). A full-length cDNA of PGC-1β was cloned from liver which covered 3110 bp encoding 859 amino acids. The conserved motifs of PGC-1β family proteins were gained by MEME software, and the phylogenetic analyses showed motif loss and rearrangement of PGC-1β in fish. The function of PGC-1β was evaluated through overexpression and knockdown of PGC-1β in primary hepatocytes of blunt snout bream. We observed overexpression of PGC-1β along with enhanced mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression and mtDNA copies in hepatocytes, and its knockdown led to slightly reduced NRF1 expression. However, knockdown of PGC-1β did not significantly influence TFAM expression or mtDNA copies. The alterations in mitochondria biogenesis were assessed following high-fat intake, and the results showed that it induces downregulation of PGC-1β. Furthermore, significant decreases in mitochondrial respiratory chain activities and mitochondria biogenesis were observed by high-fat intake. Our findings demonstrated that overexpression of PGC-1β induces the enhancement of TFAM expression and mtDNA amount but not NRF-1. Therefore, it could be concluded that PGC-1β is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in blunt snout bream but not through PGC-1β/NRF-1 pathway.


2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Amin ◽  
R.A. Heckmann ◽  
S. Dallarés ◽  
M. Constenla ◽  
N.Yu. Rubtsova ◽  
...  

Abstract A number of variable descriptive accounts of Aspersentis megarhynchus (von Linstow, 1892) Golvan, 1960 have been reported from specimens collected from many species of fish in various locations off Antarctic islands. We have described a new population from Notothenia coriiceps Richardson (Nototheniidae) off Galindez Island, West Antarctica, and features not previously reported, resolved the taxonomic controversies and nomenclature, and emended and updated the generic diagnosis taking into account the newly observed structures. These are depicted in microscopic images and include the outer spiral wall of the proboscis receptacle, the thicker dorsal wall of the receptacle compared to the ventral wall, parts of the female reproductive system, the separate cement gland ducts, the dorsal position of the male gonopore and more detail of proboscis hooks and trunk spines. It is surprising that the newly observed features were missed from the many descriptions of A. megarhynchus created since the original description. The variability in A. megarhynchus is noted with a comparison of the morphometrics of our specimens vs. those in six other descriptions. We also analysed the metal composition of hooks and spines using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and concluded a molecular characterization of the species based on 18S DNA gene, with related phylogenetic analyses.


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