scholarly journals A Population Census of Large Herbivores Based on UAV and Its Effects on Grazing Pressure in the Yellow-River-Source National Park, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4402
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Quanqin Shao ◽  
Zhigang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
National Park ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Pressure Index ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Yellow River Source

Using the Yellow-River-Source National Park (YRSNP) as a study site, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing and line transect method was used to investigate the number of wild herbivorous animals and livestock, including the kiang (Equus kiang) and Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata). A downscaling algorithm was used to generate the forage yield data in YRSNP based on a 30-m spatial resolution. On this basis, we estimated the forage–livestock balance, which included both wild animals and livestock, and analyzed the effects of functional zone planning in national parks on the forage–livestock balance in YRSNP. The results showed that the estimates of large herbivore population numbers in YRSNP based on population density in the aerial sample strips, which were compared and validated with official statistics and warm season survey results, indicated that the numbers of kiangs and Tibetan gazelles in the 2017 cold season were 12,900 and 12,100, respectively. The numbers of domestic yaks, Tibetan sheep, and horses were 53,400, 76,800, and 800, respectively, and the total number of sheep units was 353,200. The ratio of large wild herbivores and livestock sheep units was 1:5. Large wild herbivores have different preferences for functional zones, preferring ecological restoration areas consisting mainly of sparse grassland. The grazing pressure indices of the core reserve areas and ecological restoration areas were 0.168 and 0.276, respectively, indicating that these two regions still have high grazing potential. However, the grazing pressure index of the traditional utilization areas was 1.754, indicating that these grasslands are severely overloaded. After the planning and implementation of functional zones, the grazing pressure index of YRSNP was 1.967. Under this measure, the number of livestock was not reduced and the grazing pressure nearly doubled, indicating that forage–livestock conflict has become more severe in YRSNP.

scholarly journals A Population Census of Large Herbivores Based on UAV and Its Effects on Grazing Pressure in the Yellow-River-Source National Park, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Quanqin Shao ◽  
Zhigang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
National Park ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Pressure Index ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Yellow River Source

Using the Yellow-River-Source National Park (YRSNP) as a study site, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing and line transect method was used to investigate the number of wild herbivorous animals and livestock, including the kiang (Equus kiang) and Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata). A downscaling algorithm was used to generate the forage yield data in YRSNP based on 30 m spatial resolution. On this basis, we estimated the forage–livestock balance, which included both wild animals and livestock, and analyzed the effects of functional zone planning in national parks on the forage–livestock balance in YRSNP. The results showed that the estimates of large herbivore population numbers in YRSNP based on population density in the aerial sample strips, which were compared and validated with statistical data and warm season survey results, indicated that the number of kiangs and Tibetan gazelles in the 2017 cold season was 12900 and 12100, respectively. The number of domestic yaks, Tibetan sheep, and horses was 53400, 76800, and 800, respectively, and the total number of sheep units was 353200. The ratio of the number of large wild herbivores and livestock sheep units was 1:5; Large wild herbivores have different preferences for functional zones, preferring ecological restoration areas consisting mainly of degraded grassland; The grazing pressure indices of the core reserve areas and ecological restoration areas were 0.168 and 0.276, respectively, indicating that these two regions still have high grazing potential. However, the grazing pressure index of the traditional utilization areas was 1.754, indicating that these grasslands are severely overloaded; After the planning and implementation of functional zones, the grazing pressure index of YRSNP was 1.967. Under this measure, the number of livestock was not reduced and the grazing pressure nearly doubled, indicating that forage–livestock conflict has become more severe.

scholarly journals The Ecological Restoration of Heavily Degraded Saline Wetland in the Yellow River Delta

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Guan ◽  
Junbao Yu ◽  
Di Cao ◽  
Yunzhao Li ◽  
Guangxuan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River Delta

scholarly journals Impact of Land Cover Types on Riverine CO2 Outgassing in the Yellow River Source Region

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2243
Author(s):  
Mingyang Tian ◽  
Xiankun Yang ◽  
Lishan Ran ◽  
Yuanrong Su ◽  
Lingyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Source Region ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Yellow River Source ◽  
Alpine Rivers

Under the context of climate change, studying CO2 emissions in alpine rivers is important because of the large carbon storage in these terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, riverine partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and CO2 emission flux (FCO2) in the Yellow River source region (YRSR) under different landcover types, including glaciers, permafrost, peatlands, and grasslands, were systematically investigated in April, June, August, and October 2016. Relevant chemical and environmental parameters were analyzed to explore the primary controlling factors. The results showed that most of the rivers in the YRSR were net CO2 source, with the pCO2 ranging from 181 to 2441 μatm and the FCO2 ranging from −50 to 1574 mmol m−2 d−1. Both pCO2 and FCO2 showed strong spatial and temporal variations. The highest average FCO2 was observed in August, while the lowest average was observed in June. Spatially, the lowest FCO2 were observed in the permafrost regions while the highest FCO2 were observed in peatland. By integrating seasonal changes of the water surface area, total CO2 efflux was estimated to be 0.30 Tg C year−1. This indicates that the YRSR was a net carbon source for the atmosphere, which contradicts previous studies that conclude the YRSR as a carbon sink. More frequent measurements of CO2 fluxes, particularly through several diel cycles, are necessary to confirm this conclusion. Furthermore, our study suggested that the riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in permafrost (5.0 ± 2.4 mg L−1) is possibly derived from old carbon released from permafrost melting, which is equivalent to that in peatland regions (5.1 ± 3.7 mg L−1). The degradation of DOC may have played an important role in supporting riverine CO2, especially in permafrost and glacier-covered regions. The percent coverage of corresponding land cover types is a good indicator for estimating riverine pCO2 in the YRSR. In view of the extensive distribution of alpine rivers in the world and their sensitivity to climate change, future studies on dynamics of stream water pCO2 and CO2 outgassing are strongly needed to better understand the global carbon cycle.

scholarly journals Research on valuation of water system in source region of the yellow river based on emergy theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01089
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Wang ◽  
Zhiming Liu ◽  
Zhe Yuan ◽  
Jijun Xu ◽  
Jin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Source Area ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Yellow River Source ◽  
Value Of Water

Taking the source region of the Yellow River as an example, this paper first introduces the theory of energy value and its basic steps. Then combined with the Yellow River source area, the variation characteristics of precipitation and surface water resources from 1961 to 2011 in the Yellow River source area were analyzed, and both of them showed a trend of decreasing year by year. On this basis, using the theory of energy value, combined with relevant parameters, taking 2011 year as an example, further analyses the chemical energy and solar energy of water resources in the Yellow River source area, and gives the value of surface water resources. The value of water resources per unit is 1.59 yuan/m3. For the Yellow River source area, the overall value of water resources for the whole basin in 2011 is 33.55 billion yuan. It can provide a reference for the analysis of the value of surface water resources in the Yellow River Basin.

scholarly journals Changes in Vegetation Greenness in the Upper and Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Basin over 2000–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Yi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Vegetation Dynamic ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Land Use Types

The Grain to Green Project (GTGP), a large ecological restoration project aiming to control soil erosion and improve the ecological environment, has been implemented since 1999 and has led to great land use changes with decreased farmland and increased forest and grass, and significant vegetation variations. Understanding vegetation variations for different land use types is important for accessing the present vegetation development and providing scientific guidance for future ecological restoration design and regional sustainable development. With two land use maps and MODIS LAI data, trend analysis, fluctuation analysis, and R/S methods were applied to analyze the vegetation dynamic changes and sustainability for converted land use types from cropland and unconverted types over 2000–2015 in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Vegetation greening was remarkable in the entire study region (0.036 yr−1). The increasing rate was higher in wetter conditions with AI < 3 (0.036–0.053 yr−1) than arid regions with AI > 3 (0.012–0.024 yr−1). (2) Vegetation improved faster for converted forestland, shrubland, and grassland than unconverted types under similar drying conditions. Converted shrubland and grassland had a larger relative change than converted forestland. (3) Converted land use types generally exhibited stronger fluctuation than unconverted types with small differences among types. (4) Vegetation exhibited a sustainable increasing trend in the future, which accounted for more than 73.1% of the region, mainly distributed in the middle reach of the Yellow River. Vegetation restoration exerted important influences on vegetation greening and the effect was stronger for converted types than unconverted types.

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