scholarly journals The Global Emergency of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): An Update of the Current Status and Forecasting

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Hozhabri ◽  
Francesca Piceci Sparascio ◽  
Hamidreza Sohrabi ◽  
Leila Mousavifar ◽  
René Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Over the past two decades, there have been two major outbreaks where the crossover of animal Betacoronaviruses to humans has resulted in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). In December 2019, a global public health concern started with the emergence of a new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) which has rapidly spread all over the world from its origin in Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus, which includes human SARS-CoV, MERS and two other human coronaviruses (HCoVs), HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1. The fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 is lower than the two previous coronavirus epidemics, but it is faster spreading and the large number of infected people with severe viral pneumonia and respiratory illness, showed SARS-CoV-2 to be highly contagious. Based on the current published evidence, herein we summarize the origin, genetics, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, preventions, diagnosis and up to date treatments of SARS-CoV-2 infections in comparison with those caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Moreover, the possible impact of weather conditions on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is also discussed. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to reconsider the two previous pandemics and provide a reference for future studies as well as therapeutic approaches.

SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.

scholarly journals First month of the epidemic caused by COVID-19 in Italy: current status and real-time outbreak development forecast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Megna
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Logistic Distribution ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The North ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

Abstract Background : The first outbreaks of COVID-19 in Italy occurred during the second half of February 2020 in some areas in the North of the country. Due to the high contagiousness of the infection, further spread by asymptomatic people, Italy has become in a few weeks the country with the greatest number of infected people in the World. The large number of severe cases among infected people in Italy led to the hospitalization of thousands of patients, with a heavy burden on the National Health Service. Methods: We analyzed data provided daily by Italian Authorities for the period from 24 February 2020 to 30 March 2020. Considering such information, we developed a forecast model in real-time, based on the cumulative logistic distribution. We then produced an estimate of the overall number of potentially infected individuals and epidemic duration at a national and Regional level, for the most affected Regions. Results: A total of 101,739 infected individuals was confirmed until 30 March 2020, of which 75,528 active cases, 14,620 recovered or discharged, and 11,591 deaths. Until the same date patients quarantined at home were 43,752, whereas hospitalized patients were 31,776, of which 3,981 in intensive care. The forecast model estimated a number of infected persons for Italy of 130,000 about, and a duration of the epidemic greater than 2 months. Conclusions : Once month after the first outbreaks there seems to be the first signs of a decrease in the number of infections, showing that we could be now facing the descending phase of the epidemic. The forecast obtained thanks to our model could be used by decision-makers to implement coordinative and collaborative efforts in order to control the epidemic. The pandemic due to novel Coronavirus must be a warning for all countries worldwide, regarding a rapid and complete dissemination of information, surveillance, health organization, and cooperation among the states.

scholarly journals First month of the epidemic caused by COVID-19 in Italy: current status and real-time outbreak development forecast

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Megna
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Logistic Distribution ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The North ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The first outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy occurred during the second half of February 2020 in some areas in the North of the country. Due to the high contagiousness of the infection, further spread by asymptomatic people, Italy has become in a few weeks the country with the greatest number of infected people in the world. The large number of severe cases among infected people in Italy led to the hospitalization of thousands of patients, with a heavy burden on the National Health Service. Methods We analyzed data provided daily by Italian Authorities for the period from 24 February 2020 to 30 March 2020. Considering such information, we developed a forecast model in real-time, based on the cumulative log-logistic distribution. Results A total of 101,739 infected individuals were confirmed until 30 March 2020, of which 14,620 recovered or discharged, and 11,591 deaths. Until the same date patients quarantined at home were 43,752, whereas hospitalized patients were 31,776, of which 3981 in intensive care. The active cases (i.e. the number of patients not yet recovered until that date) were 75,528. The forecast model estimated a number of infected persons for Italy of 234,000 about, and a duration of the epidemic of approximately 4 months. Conclusions One month after the first outbreaks there seemed to be the first signs of a decrease in the number of infections, showing that we could be now facing the descending phase of the epidemic. The forecast obtained thanks to our model could be used by decision-makers to implement coordinative and collaborative efforts in order to control the epidemic. The pandemic due to novel Coronavirus must be a warning for all countries worldwide, regarding a rapid and complete dissemination of information, surveillance, health organization, and cooperation among the states.

scholarly journals SARS – COV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Critical Review on Novel Coronavirus Pathogenesis, Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
Ruchi Jain ◽  
Nilesh Jain ◽  
Surendra Kumar Jain ◽  
Ram C Dhakar
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The 2019-nCoV is officially called SARS-CoV-2 and the disease is named COVID-19. The Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused pneumonia in Wuhan, China in December 2019 is a highly contagious disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it as a global public health emergency. This is the third serious Coronavirus outbreak in less than 20 years, following SARS in 2002–2003 and MERS in 2012. Currently, the research on novel coronavirus is still in the primary stage. It is currently believed that this deadly Coronavirus strain originated from wild animals at the Huanan market in Wuhan by Bats, snakes and pangolins have been cited as potential carriers. On the basis of current published evidence, we systematically summarize the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19. This review in the hope of helping the public effectively recognize and deal with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and providing a reference for future studies. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Coronavirus, pneumonia, Respiratory infection

scholarly journals Current status of global research on novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a bibliometric analysis and knowledge mapping

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mahbub Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Knowledge Mapping ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Global Research

Background: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a major global health concern due to its pathogenicity and widespread distribution around the world. Despite a growing interest, little is known about the current state of research on COVID-19. This bibliometric study evaluated the contemporary scientific literature to assess the evolution of knowledge on COVID-19, identify the leading research stakeholders, and analyze the conceptual areas of knowledge development in this domain. Methods: Bibliometric data on COVID-19 related studies published until April 1, 2020, were retrieved from Web of Science core collection. Further, a quantitative evaluation and visualizations of knowledge areas in COVID-19 research were created by statistical and text-mining approaches using bibliometric tools and R software. Results: A total of 422 citations were retained in this study, including journal articles, reviews, letters, and other publications. The mean number of authors and citations per document was 3.91 and 2.47, respectively. Also, the top ten articles, authors, and journals were identified based on the frequencies of citations and publications. Networks of contributing authors, institutions, and countries were visualized in maps, which highlight discrete developments in research collaborations. Major areas identified through evaluating keywords and text data included genetic, epidemiological, zoonotic, and other biological topics associated with COVID-19. Conclusions: Current status of COVID-19 research shows early development in different areas of knowledge. More research should be conducted in less-explored areas, including socioeconomic determinants and impacts of COVID-19. Also, global research collaboration should be encouraged for strengthening evidence-based decision-making preventing and addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and aftermath.

scholarly journals The Covid-19 Pandemic and its Effect on the Elderly: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maimoona Nadri ◽  
Ujala Zubair
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In 2019, the world experienced a global public health concern when the novel coronavirus originated from China and affected around fifty-seven thousand people around the world by March 2020. The quick rise in the number of cases and the death toll overwhelmed the scientific and medical community. While all the focus was driven towards finding the epidemiology, the treatment and the management, the mental health aspect of the quarantine was being overlooked. The purpose of this review is to create awareness about the long-term consequences of quarantine, with the focus on the elderly community in Pakistan. 

scholarly journals Uncommon Atypical Presentations of COVID-19: Important and Should Not be Under Recognized!

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sim Sai ◽  
Viroj Wiwanitkit
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new viral disease that has become a global public health concern in 2020. This disease is caused by a novel coronavirus firstly detected in the People’s Republic of China. This viral infection can cause febrile illness and respiratory problems. There are other uncommon clinical presentations of COVID-19 such as afebrile illness, diarrhea, non-coughing and confusion. These atypical presentations can result in difficulty in diagnosing the disease. In this short review, the authors specifically discuss the important uncommon atypical presentations of COVID-19.

Outbreak of respiratory infection: nCoV-2019 current status and its impact on global health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Adil Karim ◽  
Kamlesh Bisht ◽  
Abdul Ghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Epidemiology Data ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: Novel Coronavirus-2019 (nCoV-2019) emerged as a potentially infectious respiratory disease caused by newly discovered β-coronavirus. nCoV-19 has emerged as a global pandemic due to the rapid transmission and high infection rate commonly involved in acute respiratory illness. Literature search includes various databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus for studies published using a different combination of keywords “coronavius”, “COVID-19”, “SARS”, “MERS”, “antiviral drugs”, “vaccines”, and “immunity”. We collected epidemiology data from the Worldometer portal (data available till 9 October, 2020). Fever, dry cough, dyspnea, sore throat, or fatigue are common clinical symptoms of the infection. Cytotoxic T-cells and T-helper cells Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) accounts for maximum (approximately 80%) of total infiltrate in the pulmonary region of the affected nCoV individuals and acts as a significant contributor in the clearance of the infection. This review intends to outline the literature concerning the mode of actual transmission, immune response, and possible therapeutic approach against the virus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a real-time RT-PCR panel for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in bat guano

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872199033
Author(s):  
Eman Anis ◽  
Greg Turner ◽  
Julie C. Ellis ◽  
Andrew Di Salvo ◽  
Amanda Barnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Rehabilitation Facilities ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Bat Guano

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an ongoing global health concern. The exact source of the virus has not been identified, but it is believed that this novel coronavirus originated in animals; bats in particular have been implicated as the primary reservoir of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 can also be transmitted from humans to other animals, including tigers, cats, and mink. Consequently, infected people who work directly with bats could transfer the virus to a wild North American bat, resulting in a new natural reservoir for the virus, and lead to new outbreaks of human disease. We evaluated a reverse-transcription real-time PCR panel for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in bat guano. We found the panel to be highly specific for SARS-CoV-2, and able to detect the virus in bat guano samples spiked with SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Our panel could be utilized by wildlife agencies to test bats in rehabilitation facilities prior to their release to the wild, minimizing the risk of spreading this virus to wild bat populations.

scholarly journals Clinical and laboratory findings in COVID-19 adult hospitalized patients from Alborz province / Iran: comparison of rRT-PCR positive and negative

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Karimi ◽  
Amir Abbas Vaezi ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Fatemeh Moghadasi ◽  
Saeed Hassani Gelsfid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was emergency turned into global public health after the first patients were detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease rapidly expanded and led to an epidemic throughout China, followed by the rising number of cases worldwide. Given the high prevalence of COVID-19, rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are immediately needed to identify, isolate and treat the patients as soon as possible, decreasing mortality rates and the risk of public contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2). Methods This case-control study was conducted in two hospitals in Alborz Province in Iran. All recruited cases in this study were symptomatic adults hospitalized as COVID-19 patients with compatible Computed tomographic (CT) scan findings and available rRT-PCR results. The patients were recruited in this study. The patients were categorized into positive and negative rRT-PCR groups and evaluated for symptoms, initial vital signs, comorbidity, clinical and laboratory findings. Finally, the results were assessed by SPSS software. Results Between March 5 to April 5, 2020, 164 symptomatic COVID-19 patients were studied. In total, there were 111 rRT-PCR positive (67.6%) and 53 rRT-PCR negative patients (32.4%). In terms of statistics, the frequency of symptoms revealed no difference, except for cough (P.V:0.008), dizziness (PV: 0.048), and weakness (P.V:0.022). Among initial vital signs, PR (P.V:0.041) and O2 Saturation (PV: 0.014) were statistically different between the two groups. Evaluation of comorbidities revealed no difference except for hyperlipidemia (P.V:0.024). In the comparison of laboratory findings, only WBC count (PV: 0.001), lymphocyte count (PV: 0.001), and Hb (P.V:0.008) were statistically different between the two groups. Conclusion In case of the negative rRT-PCR result, it is necessary to take a logical approach, and we recommended that the physician decides according to clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and positive CT results.

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