scholarly journals Investigating the Age-Related Association between Perceived Motor Competence and Actual Motor Competence in Adolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6361
Author(s):  
Conor Philpott ◽  
Brian Donovan ◽  
Sarahjane Belton ◽  
Diarmuid Lester ◽  
Michael Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Movement Skills ◽  
Fundamental Movement Skills ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Adolescent Perceptions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Related Association

Irish adolescents have been found to possess high perceptions of motor competence. However, there is an evidential value to investigating the strength of the relationship between adolescent perceptions of motor competence and their low levels of actual motor competence. The purpose of this research was to gather data on the fundamental, functional, and perceived motor competence in adolescents, differentiated by year group, to discern if participants could assess their perceptions of ability. Data were collected on adolescents (N = 373; mean age: 14.38 ± 0.87 years; 47.7% female) across six second-level schools in Ireland, including measurements of fundamental movement skills, functional movement, and perceived motor competence. Poor levels of fundamental and functional movement were observed, with significant differences between year groups detected. Participants in 1st year scored the highest in overall fundamental movement skills; however, for overall functional movement, 3rd-year participants scored highest. High levels of perceived motor competence were reported across the entire sample. These scores did not align with actual motor competence, nor did any alignment between these measurements improve with aging, countering theorized age-related associations. Future research should target low levels of actual motor competence while emphasizing the cognitive aspects of movement to ensure greater accuracy between actual and perceived motor competence.

scholarly journals Do Children Accurately Estimate Their Performance of Fundamental Movement Skills?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Almeida ◽  
Carlos Luz ◽  
Rui Martins ◽  
Rita Cordovil
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Balance Beam ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Movement Skills ◽  
Fundamental Movement Skills ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Walking Backward

An inaccurate perception of motor competence might compromise the engagement of children in physical activities and might be a problem in terms of safety in physical education classes or at playgrounds. The relationship between estimation and actual performance in children with different levels of performance in fundamental movement skills (FMS) was analyzed. Three hundred and three children (aged 6–10 years) were ranked according to their performance in FMS tasks: jumping, kicking, throwing, and walking backward (WB) on a balance beam. Tertiles were created for each task according to children’s performance. Before performing the tasks, children estimated their maximum performance. Absolute percent errors (i.e., deviation percentage from accurate estimations) and error tendency (i.e., frequency of underestimations, right judgments, or overestimations) were calculated. All performance groups tended to overestimate their skills at all tasks, except for the upper tertile group at the WB task (underestimation tendency). After controlling for age, children in the lower tertiles were consistently less accurate than children in the upper tertiles, exhibiting greater absolute percent errors for all the tasks. The overestimation tendency that was found might positively influence children’s engagement in physical activities, but unrealistic estimations might be a problem in terms of safety.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Motor Fitness, Fundamental Movement Skills, and Functional Movement Screen in Primary School Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Wu ◽  
Wichai Eungpinichpong ◽  
Hui Ruan ◽  
Xinding Zhang ◽  
Xiujuan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Movement Skills ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Fundamental Movement Skills ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study investigates motor fitness (MF), fundamental movement skills (FMS), and functional movement screen (FMS™) in 7-10-year-old children, and evaluates the relationship between FMS , MF and FMS™ combination with Seefeldt’s model for empirical research, thus to present effective strategies of physical development in children. A class was randomly selected in four school grades (1-4) along with 30 students from each to take the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). A total of 117 children (42 girls, aged 7-10) participated in three tests: TGMD-2, MF tests, and FMS™. MF levels (good, fair, and poor) and FMS™ levels (high, moderate, and low) were classified according to specific percentile ranges. A multiple (R×C) chi-square test analysis of the relationship between MF, FMS, and FMS™ was applied and post hoc testing estimated the possibility of FMS and FMS™ predicting MF. The results showed that only 43% of children were rated “good” on MF. Most fourth-grade students exhibited a certain gap with mature FMS (TGMD-2 score 70.13±9.68< 96 full scores). Boys scored significantly higher on the object control subtest and the TGMD-2 total score compared to girls (p<0.001), while girls had a significantly greater score than boys on the FMS™ (p=0.001). The results of multiple chi-square demonstrated FMS to be weakly correlated with MF, χ2 (4,N=117) =14.605, p =0.006< 0.01, Cramer’s V = 0.25. Both 60.5% of “excellent” FMS and 59.6% of “high” FMS™ children were categorized as having a “good” MF level. On the other hand, only 23.1% of the “worst” FMS and 24.3% of “low” FMS™ individuals were classified as having a “good” MF level. Our results suggest that MF, FMS, FMS™ are relatively independent systems linking with each other, generating mutual interaction in children’s motor development. At different stages or different advantages of them motor development, we may emphasize training one or a few parts.

scholarly journals The 24-h Movement Compositions in Weekday, Weekend Day or Four-Day Periods Differentially Associate with Fundamental Movement Skills

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Clare M. P. Roscoe ◽  
Michael J. Duncan ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Compositional Data Analysis ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Movement Skills ◽  
Fundamental Movement Skills ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weekday, weekend day and four-day physical activity (PA) behaviours and fundamental movement skills (FMS) in British preschool children from a low socio-economic status background using compositional data analysis (CoDA). One hundred and eighty-five preschool children aged 3–4 years provided objectively assessed PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) data (GENEActiv accelerometer) and FMS (TGMD-2). The association of 24-h movement behaviours with FMS was explored using CoDA and isotemporal substitution (R Core Team, 3.6.1). When data were considered compositionally (SB, light PA (LPA), moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA)) and adjusted for age, BMI and sex, the weekday-derived composition predicted total motor competence (r2 = 0.07), locomotor (r2 = 0.08) and object control skills (r2 = 0.09); the weekend day-derived composition predicted total motor competence (r2 = 0.03) and object control skills (r2 = 0.03), the 4-day-derived composition predicted total motor competence (r2 = 0.07), locomotor (r2 = 0.07) and object control skills (r2 = 0.06) (all p < 0.05). Reallocation of 5 min of LPA at the expense of any behaviour was associated with significant improvements in total motor competence, locomotor and object control skills; for weekend-derived behaviours, MVPA was preferential. Considering movement behaviours over different time periods is required to better understand the effect of the 24-h movement composition on FMS in preschool children.

Physical Activity and Fundamental Movement Skills of 3- to 5-Year-Old Children in Irish Preschool Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Duff ◽  
Johann Issartel ◽  
Wesley O’ Brien ◽  
Sarahjane Belton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Other ◽  
Movement Skills ◽  
Fundamental Movement Skills ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to quantify levels of physical activity (PA) and fundamental movement skills (FMS) of children aged 3 to 5 years in Irish preschool services during care hours, and investigate the relationship between these two variables. Data were collected from 141 children (50.3% boys, age M = 3.9 ± 0.5 years) across 9 preschool services. Measurements included PA via accelerometry, and proficiency in four FMS (run, vertical jump, throw and catch). The recommended guideline of 15 minutes of PA per hour (min PA/hour) was met by 35% of children (M = 13.6 min PA/hour). Significant differences in mean PA per hour were found by gender, with boys (14.2 min PA/hour) more active than girls (13.0 min PA/ hour), and age, with younger children (14.2 min PA/hour) more active than older (12.6 minutes PA/hour). Percentage of children proficient in the run was high (88.4%), but low across the other skills (4.9%–18.5%). Significant differences were identified by gender for vertical jump with girls scoring higher than boys. No significant relationship was found between FMS and total PA. Low levels of PA and FMS proficiency highlight need for intervention in early years settings to ensure children develop skills to participate in PA.

Do Irish Adolescents Have Adequate Functional Movement Skill and Confidence?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (s2) ◽  
pp. S301-S319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley O’Brien ◽  
Michael J. Duncan ◽  
Orlagh Farmer ◽  
Diarmuid Lester
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Movement Skills ◽  
Fundamental Movement Skills ◽  
Actual Movement ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Mixed Gender

Recent research has shown that post-primary Irish youth are insufficiently active and fail to reach a level of proficiency across basic fundamental movement skills. The purpose of the current research was to gather cross-sectional data on adolescent youth, differentiated by gender, specifically to inform the development of a targeted movement-oriented intervention. Data were collected on adolescents (N = 219; mean age : 14.45 ± 0.96 years), within two, mixed-gender schools. Data collection included actual and perceived movement measurements comprised of fundamental movement skills, the functional movement screen, perceived movement confidence, and perceived functional confidence. Overall, levels of actual mastery within fundamental and functional movement were low, with significant gender differences observed. Adolescent males scored higher in the overall fundamental movement skill domain (male mean score = 70.87 ± 7.05; female mean score = 65.53 ± 7.13), yet lower within the functional movement screen (male mean score = 13.58 ± 2.59), in comparison to their female counterparts (female mean score = 14.70 ± 2.16). There were high levels of perceived confidence reported within fundamental and functional movement scales. Future intervention strategies should combat the low levels of actual movement skill proficiency, while identifying the reasons for higher perceived movement confidence within adolescents.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Hearing: Observations From the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Lun Kuo ◽  
Ann Zenobia Moore ◽  
Frank R. Lin ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Epigenetic Age ◽  
Epigenetic Age Acceleration ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is highly prevalent among older adults, but the potential mechanisms and predictive markers for ARHL are lacking. Epigenetic age acceleration has been shown to be predictive of many age-associated diseases and mortality. However, the association between epigenetic age acceleration and hearing remains unknown. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between epigenetic age acceleration and audiometric hearing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA).Methods: Participants with both DNA methylation and audiometric hearing measurements were included. The main independent variables are epigenetic age acceleration measures, including intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration—“IEAA,” Hannum age acceleration—“AgeAccelerationResidualHannum,” PhenoAge acceleration—“AgeAccelPheno,” GrimAge acceleration—“AgeAccelGrim,” and methylation-based pace of aging estimation—“DunedinPoAm.” The main dependent variable is speech-frequency pure tone average. Linear regression was used to assess the association between epigenetic age acceleration and hearing.Results: Among the 236 participants (52.5% female), after adjusting for age, sex, race, time difference between measurements, cardiovascular factors, and smoking history, the effect sizes were 0.11 995% CI: (–0.00, 0.23), p = 0.054] for Hannum’s clock, 0.08 [95% CI: (–0.03, 0.19), p = 0.143] for Horvath’s clock, 0.10 [95% CI: (–0.01, 0.21), p = 0.089] for PhenoAge, 0.20 [95% CI: (0.06, 0.33), p = 0.004] for GrimAge, and 0.21 [95% CI: (0.09, 0.33), p = 0.001] for DunedinPoAm.Discussion: The present study suggests that some epigenetic age acceleration measurements are associated with hearing. Future research is needed to study the potential subclinical cardiovascular causes of hearing and to investigate the longitudinal relationship between DNA methylation and hearing.

scholarly journals Exploring Early Detection of Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: Evaluation of Oxi-Immune Markers, Clinical Parameters and Modifiable Risk Factors

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1975
Author(s):  
Armanda Teixeira-Gomes ◽  
Blanca Laffon ◽  
Vanessa Valdiglesias ◽  
Johanna M. Gostner ◽  
Thomas Felder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Frailty Syndrome ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules ◽  
The Relationship

Ageing is accompanied with a decline in several physiological systems. Frailty is an age-related syndrome correlated to the loss of homeostasis and increased vulnerability to stressors, which is associated with increase in the risk of disability, comorbidity, hospitalisation, and death in older adults. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between frailty syndrome, immune activation, and oxidative stress. Serum concentrations of vitamins A and E were also evaluated, as well as inflammatory biomarkers (CRP and IL-6) and oxidative DNA levels. A group of Portuguese older adults (≥65 years old) was engaged in this study and classified according to Fried’s frailty phenotype. Significant increases in the inflammatory mediators (CRP and IL-6), neopterin levels, kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp), and phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio (Phe/Tyr), and significant decreases in Trp and Tyr concentrations were observed in the presence of frailty. IL-6, neopterin, and Kyn/Trp showed potential as predictable biomarkers of frailty syndrome. Several clinical parameters such as nutrition, dependency scales, and polypharmacy were related to frailty and, consequently, may influence the associations observed. Results obtained show a progressive immune activation and production of pro-inflammatory molecules in the presence of frailty, agreeing with the inflammageing model. Future research should include different dimensions of frailty, including psychological, social, biological, and environmental factors.

scholarly journals A Kinematic Analysis of Fundamental Movement Skills

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
Claire M. Barnes ◽  
Mark Holton ◽  
Huw D. Summers ◽  
Gareth Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Movement Skills ◽  
Fundamental Movement Skills ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Fundamental movement skills are considered the basic building blocks for movement and provide the foundation for specialized and sport-specific movement skills required for participation in a variety of physical activities. However, kinematic analyses of fundamental movement has not been performed. The aims of this study were to, (1) characterise the relationship between facets of fundamental movement and, (2) characterise the relationship between overall integrated acceleration and three-dimensional kinematic variables whilst performing fundamental movement skills. Eleven participants (10±0.8y, 1.41±0.07m, 33.4±8.6kg, body mass index; 16.4±3.1 kg·m2) took part in this study, had anthropometric variables recorded and performed a series of fundamental movement tasks, whilst wearing a tri-axial accelerometer and were recorded using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Maximum shoulder external rotation (°) and maximum shoulder internal rotation velocity (°.s−1) (r=0.86, p<0.001), mediolateral centre of mass range (cm) and centre of mass coefficient of variation (%) (r=0.83, p<0.001), maximum stride angle (°) in the jog and walk (r=0.74, p=0.01) and maximum sprint stride angle and maximum shoulder internal rotation velocity (°.s−1) (r=0.67, p<0.02) were significantly correlated. Maximum sprint stride angle (hip: r=0.96, p<0.001, ankle: r=0.97, p<0.001) and maximum internal rotation velocity (ankle: r=0.6, p=0.05) were significantly correlated to overall integrated acceleration. Overall integrated acceleration was comparable between participants (CV: 10.5), whereas three-dimensional variables varied by up to 65%. Although overall integrated acceleration was comparable between participants, three-dimensional variables were much more varied. Indicating that although overall activity may be correspondent, the characteristics of a child’s movement may be highly varied.

scholarly journals Unpacking the curvilinear relationship between negative affectivity, performance, and turnover intentions: The moderating effect of time-related work stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Bouckenooghe ◽  
Usman Raja ◽  
Arif Nazir Butt ◽  
Muhammad Abbas ◽  
Sabahat Bilgrami
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study explores the relationships of negative affectivity with two frequently studied outcome variables job performance and turnover intentions. Conventional wisdom holds that negative affectivity has a harmful impact on both job performance and intentions to leave; however, we propose a more nuanced perspective using empirical and theoretical arguments (e.g., self-regulation theory) to highlight the functional effects of negative affectivity. To test our hypotheses, we collected self-reported and supervisor-reported data from seven organizations in Pakistan. The findings based on data collected from 280 employees show that while negative affectivity is detrimental for job performance, this effect is mitigated as negative affectivity increases. It further shows that the linear negative main effect of negative affectivity on job performance is more pronounced when employees experience less time-related work stress. Finally, the curvilinear relationship between negative affectivity and turnover intentions is moderated by time-related work stress. The relationship has a U shape at high levels of time-related work stress, whereas at low levels it has an inverted U shape. A discussion of the limitations, future research, and implications for theory building and practice conclude the article.

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