scholarly journals Evaluation of Road Transport Pollutant Emissions from Transporting Building Materials to the Construction Site by Replacing Old Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9316
Author(s):  
Sehee Han ◽  
Seunguk Na ◽  
Nam-Gi Lim
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
The Road ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Material Transportation

Since the life cycle of a building spans more than 50 years, studies of the environmental impacts in the construction industry have focused on reducing the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions during the operation and maintenance phase. The products of the construction industry are assembled using various building materials manufactured outside of the construction site. Consequently, it is essential that the manufactured building materials be transported to the construction site using various types of transportation methods. However, there is a lack of studies that assess the pollutant emissions of road transport while executing a construction project. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the road pollutant emissions when the old diesel vehicles for transporting building materials are replaced according to enhanced pollutant emission regulations. In this study, we found that approximately 89, 64, 77, and 64% of NOx, VOC, PM, and CO, respectively, were emitted during transportation of building materials as a proportion of the emissions during the construction of the structure. The analyzed results also show that about 10, 35, 23, and 35% of NOx, VOC, PM, and CO, respectively, were generated from material transportation as a proportion of the emissions from finishing the work. It is expected that a reduction in pollutant emissions from transporting building materials of up to approximately 64, 39, 49, and 27% of NOx, VOC, PM, and CO, respectively, can be achieved when vehicles registered before 2003 are replaced with ones that adhere to the tightened regulations.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Diachronic Development of CO2 Emission Levels in Relation to Traffic Characteristics Along Major Road Axes During an Era of Recession: the Case of Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-640
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Road ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Key Factor

The problem of reducing CO2 emissions from transport, a major contributor to the greenhouse effect, has become a growing concern for the scientific community and various international committees monitoring climate change. Energy savings in the transport sector are a key factor towards rational management of oil reserves, while new trends in the automotive market have already been established, supported by research on efficient and environmentally-friendly technologies and alternative fuels to face fossil fuel dependency. The road transport sector is an important part for most developed economies but also a major source of pollutant emissions. In this framework, this paper focuses on transport emissions along the main road axis in Greece, connecting the country’s two largest urban areas, during the years 2008-2014, a period of prolonged recession. Based on traffic data collected at the toll stations along the highway, greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions were calculated using the COPERT4 emission estimation tool. According to the results, a sharp fall in emissions is observed largely due to traffic volume reductions, but also due to a prevailing trend for larger displacement vehicles and technologically improved vehicles with better environmental standards.

scholarly journals The impact of road transport emissions on air quality in Brăila, Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Carmelia Mariana Dragomir Balanica ◽  
Ciprian Cuzmin ◽  
Cecilia Serban ◽  
Cristian Muntenita
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Individual Mobility ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Transport Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Road transport, including accessibility and individual mobility is considered unanimously as a fundamental element of contemporary living. The study area is considering Braila County with a total population of around over 305,000. The area it is well served by 6 national roads, 27 county roads and 42 communal roads and contains some of the most heavily trafficked stretches of road in the Romania. The emissions analysed in this study CH4, CO, CO2, N2O, NH3, NOx, PM2.5 and PM10, were collected by the Agency for Environmental Protection Braila during 2015-2019 based on questionnaires according to EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook. The highest level of pollutant emissions was recorded in 2017, more exactly 191714,5 Megatons. In this article we analysed five categories of pollution sources: Passenger car, Light commercial trucks, Heavy-duty vehicles, Motorcycles and Non - Road vehicles and other mobile equipment. With the exception of CO2, N2O and NH3, pollutant emissions decreased for the eight pollutants analysed.

scholarly journals Discussion on Applicability and Requirements for the Installation of Fastenings Using Robot Systems in the Construction Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Arnim Johannes Spengler ◽  
Panagiotis Spyridis ◽  
Tobias Bruckmann ◽  
Alexander Malkwitz ◽  
Dirk Schlüter
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Precast Construction ◽  
The University ◽  
Creative Construction

Since robotics is becoming increasingly widespread in the construction industry, more phases and working steps should be investigated for their applicability to automation. Ideally, only few robot systems would be needed and thus be multifunctional.Current robot systems are used almost exclusively in precast construction. At the construction site, only prototypes are in use, and only individual parts of the building shell construction and assembly can be handled.This paper examines to what extent robots can be applied for the installation of fastenings and which boundary conditions exist or need to be addressed. Automated construction, and more precise installation of fastenings, has been partially implemented, which has been shown to increase productivity as well as installation quality, and therefore the components’ structural safety. This knowledge must now be extended to robots. The present work is based on an overview of current research and development and includes a discussion on the current research at the University Duisburg-Essen on a cable robot for brickwork construction. It further demonstrates that fastenings pose an important additional application, especially to ensure the changeover to other building materials. These can be built-in parts, but also brickwork connections or prefabricated parts.It can be assumed that robots will become increasingly important in the construction industry for reasons that include high quality, safety, speed and economic aspects.This is an extended paper of the Creative Construction Conference in Budapest on “Examination of Advanced Fastening Systems for the use of Robots in the Construction Industry” (Spyridis et al., 2019).

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Road Traffic Reorganization on Air Quality: A Street Canyon Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Marek Bogacki ◽  
Robert Oleniacz ◽  
Mateusz Rzeszutek ◽  
Paulina Bździuch ◽  
Adriana Szulecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
The Impact

One of the elements of strategy aimed at minimizing the impact of road transport on air quality is the introduction of its reorganization resulting in decreased pollutant emissions to the air. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal strategy of corrective actions in terms of the air pollutant emissions from road transport. The study presents the assessment results of the emission reduction degree of selected pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, and NOx) as well as the impact evaluation of this reduction on their concentrations in the air for adopted scenarios of the road management changes for one of the street canyons in Krakow (Southern Poland). Three scenarios under consideration of the city authorities were assessed: narrowing the cross-section of the street by eliminating one lane in both directions, limiting the maximum speed from 70 km/h to 50 km/h, and allowing only passenger and light commercial vehicles on the streets that meet the Euro 4 standard or higher. The best effects were obtained for the variant assuming banning of vehicles failing to meet the specified Euro standard. It would result in a decrease of the yearly averaged PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations by about 8–9% and for NOx by almost 30%.

Estimation of Air Pollutant Emissions in “Turbo” and in Conventional Roundabouts

2013 ◽  
Vol 394 ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Corriere ◽  
Gianfranco Rizzo ◽  
Marco Guerrieri
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
The Road ◽  
Junction Geometry ◽  
Research Centres ◽  
Road Junction

The road pollutant emissions, above all in urban context, are correlated to many infrastructural parameters and to traffic intensity and typology. The research work on road junction geometry, carried out in European research centres, has recently allowed to design new road intersection types which are of undoubted interest, especially in terms of traffic functionality and safety, like the turbo roundabouts (in which right-turn manoeuvres do not conflict with the circulating flow). The main objective of this paper is to propose a model for the estimation the performances and the pollutant emissions into turbo roundabouts. A comparative analysis between conventional roundabout and turbo roundabout has been carried out in terms of CO, CO2, CH4, NO, PM2,5 and PM10 vehicular emissions, evaluated by mean of COPERT Software which is developed as a European tool for the calculation of emissions from the road transport sector.

ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND EMISSIONS FROM THE ROAD TRANSPORT IN SPAIN: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH

Transport ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro José Pérez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Total Emission ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Road ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Technological Improvements

The interurban road transport is one of the largest sources of emissions within all the economical sectors of Spain and accounts for 30% of the total energy consumption and subsequent CO2emissions. Fuel consumption, mostly gasoline and diesel, has decreased by −0.7% between 2004 and 2009 despite the increase of vehicle fleet (14.7%) and related travelled performances (3.1%). The paper estimates the energy consumption and subsequent emissions of CO2 and pollutants, CO, NOx, PM and NMVOC, of the interurban road transport in Spain for the period 2004–2009 by the use of a conceptual procedure. This procedure makes an effort to allocate the fuel sales, liters of diesel and gasoline, across different categories of vehicles (ages and technologies) operating on the interurban Spanish roads. In order to elaborate the inventory of energy consumption and emissions, the procedure uses the emission factors from the Copert process-based model, optimized for the Spanish interurban driving conditions. According to the inventory, total CO2 emissions have decreased from 68.0 Mt of CO2in 2004 to 66.9 Mt (−1.6%). This trend is due to diesel road vehicles. The CO2 emissions of gasoline vehicles and the total emission of related pollutants followed a downward trend due to technological improvements of vehicles and decrease of gasoline consumption. The CO2 emissions of diesel vehicles and the total emission of related pollutants followed an upward trend due to the increase of diesel consumption despite technological improvements of vehicles. Better estimates of energy consumption and emissions are possible in the future by using specific emission factors for different vehicle categories based on telemetric systems.

scholarly journals The Inventory of Pollutants Hazardous to the Health of Living Organisms, Emitted by Road Transport in Poland between 1990 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5387
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bebkiewicz ◽  
Zdzisław Chłopek ◽  
Jakub Lasocki ◽  
Krystian Szczepański ◽  
Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Specific Distance

The paper provides the results of the inventory of pollutants hazardous to the health of living organisms, emitted by road transport in Poland between 1990 and 2017. For estimating pollutant emissions from road transport, a standardized methodology was applied, consistent with the guidance of EEA/EMEP Emission Inventory Guidebook 2019 and the COPERT 5 software. The following substances were analyzed: carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter size fractions (total suspended particles—TSP, PM10, PM2.5). For the pollutants, emission values averaged over the distance travelled by the road fleet (average specific distance emission) were determined. The results obtained indicated that between 1990 and 2017 the annual pollutant emissions from road vehicles in Poland had an increasing trend concerning TSP (74%), PM10 (64%), PM2.5 (52%) and NOx (25%), while the corresponding emissions had a decreasing trend for CO (−117%) and NMVOC (−85%). However, a clear downward trend was found for the average specific distance emissions of all substances throughout the subsequent inventory years: TSP (−28%), PM10 (−100%), PM2.5 (−91%), NOx (−84%), CO (−208%) and NMVOC (−173%), which is due to the dynamic progress in the technological advancement of road vehicles.

scholarly journals The method of calculating emissions of pollutants from road transport in an urban environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 00084
Author(s):  
I. A. Teterina ◽  
E. V. Parsaev
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Traffic Organization

To assess the quality of road traffic organization on environmental indicators, two methods of five regulations operating in the Russian Federation, which take into account the parameters of traffic flow, affecting the volume of emissions Pollutants. The parameter that affects the results of calculations in both methods is the average speed of movement. In real-world conditions on urban highways there are areas where the traffic flow is uneven (braking, acceleration, stopping), which entails an increase in the amount of pollutants from vehicles. At the same time, this uneven traffic is largely due to the existing the road design and traffic engineering on certain elements of the road network. This is the basis for the development of a methodology for calculating pollutant emissions to assess the quality of the traffic engineering, taking into account the uneven flow of traffic.

A Comprehensive Model for the Auto-Ignition Prediction in Spark Ignition Engines Fueled With Mixtures of Gasoline and Methane-Based Fuel

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Pipitone ◽  
Stefano Beccari
Keyword(s):  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
General Validity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Spark Timing

The introduction of natural gas (NG) in the road transport market is proceeding through bifuel vehicles, which, endowed of a double-injection system, can run either with gasoline or with NG. A third possibility is the simultaneous combustion of NG and gasoline, called double-fuel (DF) combustion: the addition of methane to gasoline allows to run the engine with stoichiometric air even at full load, without knocking phenomena, increasing engine efficiency of about 26% and cutting pollutant emissions by 90%. The introduction of DF combustion into series production vehicles requires, however, proper engine calibration (i.e., determination of DF injection and spark timing maps), a process which is drastically shortened by the use of computer simulations (with a 0D two zone approach for in-cylinder processes). An original knock onset prediction model is here proposed to be employed in zero-dimensional simulations for knock-safe performances optimization of engines fueled by gasoline-NG mixtures or gasoline-methane mixtures. The model takes into account the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior of fuels and has been calibrated using a considerable amount of knocking in-cylinder pressure cycles acquired on a Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine widely varying compression ratio (CR), inlet temperature, spark advance (SA), and fuel mixture composition, thus giving the model a general validity for the simulation of naturally aspirated or supercharged engines. As a result, the auto-ignition onset is predicted with maximum and mean error of 4.5 and 1.4 crank angle degrees (CAD), respectively, which is a negligible quantity from an engine control standpoint.

Lowering the Asphalt Production Temperature - Foam Asphalt Allows Greener Roads

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 639-647
Author(s):  
Andreas Biedermann ◽  
Christian Jacobi ◽  
Andrea Bieder
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Asphalt Production ◽  
Promising Technology ◽  
The Road ◽  
Production Temperature

New technologies enable the manufacturing of asphalt at reduced temperatures. As a result The energy consumption per ton of asphalt and the emissions at the road construction site drop significantly. Whilst conventional asphalt is produced at around 170 ° C, the low - temperature processes of today allow production temperatures of around 100 ° C. Various technologies for this are ready for application by road construction industry. Foam bitumen, waxes and other additives, special bitumen or alternative mixing cycles can be suitable for use, depending on the application. Changing the way of asphalt production in an industry takes several years or even decades. In this paper, we will present low temperature asphalt technologies based on the promising technology of foam bitumen and how they are applied in practice.

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