scholarly journals Effect of a Preventive Oral Health Program Starting during Pregnancy: A Case-Control Study Comparing Immigrant and Native Women and Their Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4096
Author(s):  
María García-Pola ◽  
Agueda González-Díaz ◽  
José Manuel García-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Native Women ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Multivariate Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

The objective was to evaluate whether including pregnant women in a preventive dental program prevented the appearance of caries in their children up to the age of 6, and whether the effect was similar in children of immigrant and non-immigrant women. In phase I, 90 pregnant women, 45 immigrants and 45 natives, were taught about the development and prevention of caries. In phase II the oral health of their children at the age of 6 (n = 90) was evaluated, along with a control group of children of natives and immigrants of the same age (n = 90). A survey was used to determine participants’ backgrounds and habits. A multivariate study of the results was performed using R-core software. The number of children without caries was 128 (71.1%), whereas 52 (28.9%) had caries, 15 from the protocol (16.67%) and 37 from the control group (41.11%), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). The mean number of caries for the children in the protocol was 0.62 ± 2 and in the control group it was 1.88 ± 2.9 (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis the risk of developing caries was higher for the condition of being the child of an immigrant (OR = 11.137), inadequate oral health (OR = 4.993), the children being overweight at the age of 6 (OR = 10.680), and the consumption of candies (OR = 5.042). In conclusion, the preventive protocols started during pregnancy reduced caries in participants’ children, which suggests that these protocols should be encouraged. Because immigrant children are more vulnerable to caries, they and their parents should be included in preventive programs once they arrive in the host country.

scholarly journals Association of Serum C-reactive Protein in Preeclampsia and its Effect on Fetal Birth Weight – A Case Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahanaj Sharmin ◽  
Shahanara Chy ◽  
Diadrul Alam ◽  
Nasreen Banu ◽  
Fahmida Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Objective(s): The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in preeclampsia (PE) and its effect on fetal birth weight.Materials and methods: This case control study was conducted in Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from July 2013 to June 2014. Study population was pregnant women of third trimester with preeclampsia (case group) and normal blood pressure (control group). The maternal serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured by immune turbidometric assay between 32 weeks to term. The women were divided into three groups: mild PE, severe PE (according to ACOG criteria) and normal healthy group. The value of CRP and its correlation with birth weight was compared between groups.Results: One hundred and fifty (150) pregnant women were analyzed. Among them 50 were case and 100 control. There was no difference between age of the patients of both groups. The mean systolic blood pressure was 148.40 ± 12.35 mm Hg in case and 122.15 ± 6.44 mmHg in control group. The mean diastolic blood pressure was 100.00 ± 9.74 mmHg in case and 74.05 ± 5.97 mmHg for the control. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in preeclamptic group (P < 0.000). C-reactive protein was 10.28 ± 7.25 mg/ mL in mild PE and 10.94 ± 6.32 mg/mL in severe PE and 3.45 ± 1.71 mg/mL in normotensive group, which was significantly higher in case than control group (P = 0.000). Preeclamptic women delivered at a significantly shorter gestational age than normal pregnant women. Mean gestational age during delivery for the case group and control group was 39.02 ± 1.6 and 39.58 ± 0.8 weeks respectively. Mean birth weight in PE (2.52 ± 0.42 kg) was significantly lower than normal pregnancies (2.88 ± 0.29 kg). The sensitivity and specificity of CRP were 68% and 98% respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that there is a strong association between CRP levels and PE and birth weight.Conclusion: This small study showed that in case group CRP was raised in 68% cases which is much higher in comparison to healthy control group where CRP was high only in 2% cases. High CRP has association with low birth weight. Therefore, CRP may be used as cost effective investigation to identify the risk of preeclampsia and its effect on fetal birth weight.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016; Vol. 31(2) : 75-80

Rorschach Characteristics in Adolescents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santoantonio ◽  
L. Yazigi ◽  
E. I. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics in adolescents with SLE. The research design is a case-control study by means of the Rorschach Method and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Study group: 30 female adolescents with lupus, 12–17 years of age. The SLE Disease Activity Index was administered during the period of psychological evaluation. Control group: 32 nonpatient adolescents were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic level. In the Wechsler Intelligence Scale the mean IQ of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (77 and 98, respectively, p < .001). In the Rorschach, the lupus patients showed greater difficulty in interpersonal interactions, although they displayed the resources to process affect and to cope with stressful situations. A positive moderate correlation (p = .069) between the activity index of the disease and the affect constriction proportion of the Rorschach was observed: the higher the SLEDAI score, the lower the capacity to process affect. There is a negative correlation between the activity index of the disease and the IQ (p = .001): with a higher activity index of the disease, less intellectual resources are available.

Association of Serum Homocysteine Level and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case-control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Nazarinia ◽  
Asghar Zare ◽  
Mohammad javad Fallahi ◽  
Mesbah Shams
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Background:Systemic sclerosis is a disorder of connective tissue with unknown cause, affecting the skin and internal organs, characterized by fibrotic changes.Objective:To determine the correlation between serum homocysteine level and interstitial lung involvement in systemic sclerosis. </P><P> Materials and Methods: In this case – control study, 59 patients who fulfilled the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic sclerosis and were referred to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran, were included as the case group. Fifty nine healthy subjects were involved as the control group. Patients were divided into two groups based on interstitial lung involvement and two subtypes, diffuse and limited type. Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels compared between the controls, and cases groups.Results:Of 59 case and control group, 53 (%89.8) were female and the mean age did not differ in both groups (P=0.929). Thirty five (%59.3) patients had interstitial lung involvement and 38(%64.4) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The mean serum homocysteine level was 13.9±6.3 µmol/L in the case and 13.7±9.2 µmol/L in the control group (P=0.86). The mean serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients with and without interstitial lung involvement (P=0.52). The patients with lung involvement was older than those without lung involvement (P=0.004). Lung disease was more common in diffuse type (P=0.014).Conclusion:In our study, serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients and healthy subjects. Also, there was no correlation between serum homocysteine level and lung involvement, but lung involvement was more common in older patients and also diffuse subtype.

Pregnancy outcomes in adolescents: a case-control study in the West of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Saeid Bashirian ◽  
Akram Bathaei ◽  
Mohadese Sadri ◽  
Fateme Shirani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
The West ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
Control Study

Background: Adolescent pregnancy, pregnancy in women aged between 13-19 years, is considered a major health problem. Objective: This study was performed to determine the maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies. Materials and Methods: The present hospital-based case-control study was performed on pregnant women who were referred to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan City for delivery. The case group was pregnant women whose gestational age was less than 19 years (adolescent pregnancy) and the control group included pregnant women whose gestational age was at 19-35 years (adult women pregnancy). Data were analyzed using Stata software version 14. The significant level was considered less than 0.05. Results: The unwanted pregnancy was significantly higher in adolescent women (45% vs. 28.5%, P=0.002). 18% of adolescent women had the experience of spouse violence compared to 4.25% in the control group (P<0.001). Accessing prenatal care and supplements were significantly higher in adult women (P<0.05). The adult mothers had significantly higher cesarean section delivery compared adolescent group (54.91% vs. 33%, P<0.001). Also, there was a significant association between postpartum hemorrhages and the study group (22% in cases compared to 13.75% in the control group, P=0.04). The Apgar score 1 minute was significantly higher in adult mothers (8.05±2.08 vs. 7.39±2.05, P<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, adolescent mothers in the west of Iran had a higher risk of inadequate prenatal care, low Apgar score and postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, society should focus on public health policies that can improve the adequacy of prenatal care among adolescents.

scholarly journals Safety and Effectiveness of Transforaminal Epiduroscopic Laser Ablation in Single Level Disc Disease: A Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (21;1) ◽  
pp. E643-E650
Author(s):  
Dong Ah Shin
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Single Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Background: The non-operative treatment of herniated intervertebral discs has long been a fundamental challenge. A novel technique of laser ablation to ablate the nucleus pulposus under a transforaminal epiduroscope (TELA system, Lutronics, Seoul, Republic of Korea) was recently developed. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of transforaminal epiduroscopic laser ablation (TELA) for selective ablation of the nucleus pulposus in single-level disc disease. Study Design: Prospective case control study Setting: Multicenter study Methods: This study included a group of 56 patients who underwent transforaminal epiduroscopic laser ablation (TELA) and 56 patients who underwent selective transforaminal epidural block (STEB) for single-level disc disease. Visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and SF-12 were assessed at admission and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Results: The mean VAS of back pain was lower for the TELA group than for the STEB group 12 months postoperative (P < 0.05). The mean ODI was lower in the TELA group than in the STEB group at 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). There were no major complications related to the TELA and STEB procedures. Limitations: The primary limitation is a small sample size. The control group was created from a database which was prospectively collected in a different time line. Conclusions: The TELA procedure is superior to the STEB procedure in terms of patients reporting less pain and better quality of life over a year. TELA may be a reasonable alternative to conventional interventions or open surgery in single-level disc disease. Key words: Laser-assisted spinal endoscopy, disc decompression, Nd:YAG laser, laser ablation, intervertebral disc disease, lumbar spine

scholarly journals Comparing the Apelin Level in Hypertensive Patients Who Received Hypertension Drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Hemmati ◽  
Fatemeh Abharzanjani ◽  
Tooba Kazemi ◽  
Fateme Estanesti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Amlodipine Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Apelin ◽  
Control Study

Background: Apelin, an adipokine secreted from adipose tissue, plays an important role in regulating blood pressure and hypertension. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the plasma Apelin level in hypertensive patients under treatment with amlodipine, losartan, and amlodipine + losartan. Methods: In this case-control study, the serum level of Apelin was compared in four groups of (A) Healthy subjects (n = 31); (B) Hypertensive patients, received amlodipine (n = 31); Hypertensive patients, received losartan (n = 45); and patients (n = 33) that received amlodipine and losartan. Apelin level in serum samples was measured using Human Apelin ELISA Kit according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 (Chicago: SPSS Inc.), at the significant level of α = 0.05. Results: The mean blood level of Apelin in the control group and groups receiving amlodipine, losartan, and amlodipine + losartan was 366.16 ± 36.04, 247.19 ± 27.77, 282.93 ± 47.08, and 289.84 ± 32.20 g/dl, respectively. Losartan + amlodipine group had a higher level of Apelin compared with amlodipine alone (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that Apelin has a definite protective effect in preventing hypertension. Also, according to the results, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, such as losartan, caused a higher increase in the Apelin, resulting in better blood pressure control.

scholarly journals Mental and personality disorders in infertile women with polycystic ovary: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1241-1249
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ahmadi ◽  
Mahbobeh Faramarzi ◽  
Zahra Basirat ◽  
Farzan Kheirkhah ◽  
Mohammad Chehrazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Control Study

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. Objective: The current study investigated mental and personality disorders in infertile women with and without PCOS. Methods: This case-control study evaluated 400 infertile women who referred to the Infertility Center in Babol city (North of Iran). Participants were categorized into the case group (201 PCOS) and the control group (199 without PCOS). All of the participants completed the Millon Clinical Multi-axial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Results: The mean scores for clinical personality patterns were significantly higher for six personality disorders (schiz- oid, avoidant, antisocial, depressive, sadistic, and negativistic) and for three classes of severe personality disorder patterns (schizotypal, borderline, and paranoid) in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. The mean scores for eight clinical disorders (somatoform, manic disorder, dysthymia, alcohol-dependence, drug-dependence, post-trauma stress disorder, major depression, and delusion disorder) were also higher in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. Conclusion: The scores of many mental and personality disorders are higher in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. Thus, clinicians should prioritize recognizing and treating psychological problems of infertile women with PCOS. Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome; infertility; personality disorders.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a family-centered behavioral and educational counselling approach to improve periodontal health of pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Liu ◽  
Weiye Wen ◽  
Ka Fung Yu ◽  
Xiaoli Gao ◽  
Edward Chin Man Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Family Centered

Abstract Background Poor oral hygiene and high hormone levels during pregnancy can lead to a deterioration in periodontal health. This study assessed the effectiveness of a family-centered behavioral and educational counselling program on improving the periodontal health of women during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted among pregnant women (10th-22nd gestational week) and their husbands. Participating families were randomized into test and control groups. Intervention in the test group included explanation of oral health education (OHE) pamphlets, oral hygiene instruction, individualized feedback, and proposed solutions to overcome barriers in self-care. Reinforcements were implemented in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and six months postpartum. In the control group, only OHE pamphlets were distributed. The assessed outcomes were bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket (Poc), loss of clinical attachment (LoA), and Visible Plaque Index (VPI). The data collection was carried out at baseline (T0), in the 32nd gestational week (T1), and 12 months postpartum (T2). Results Altogether 589 pregnant women were recruited, and 369 attended all three visits (test:188; control:181). In the test group, the mean VPI score at T0 was 0.19, which decreased to 0.14 at T1 and 0.15 at T2. In the control group, the mean VPI decreased from 0.19 at T0 to 0.16 at T1, but increased to 0.22 at T2. A main effect of time and intervention and an interaction between time and intervention were detected (all p < 0.05), indicating that the intervention effect differed between T1 and T2. The test group showed a significantly greater decrease over time than the control group did. Similarly, the mean BOP% decreased more significantly over time in the test group (T0:57%, T1:46%, T2:35%) than in the control group (T0:58%, T1:52%, T2:46%). For Poc and LoA, there were improvements in both study groups at 12 months postpartum, compared with during pregnancy (p < 0.001). Conclusions Providing family-centered, behavioral, and educational counselling to pregnant women at an early stage of pregnancy and with reinforcements can improve their oral hygiene and reduce gingival inflammation. The effect can be sustained over an extended period and is greater than that of distributing oral health leaflets alone. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, #NCT02937194. Registered 18 October 2016. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02937194?cond=Family-centered+oral+health+promotion+for+new+parents+and+their+infants&draw=2&rank=1

scholarly journals Mode of Delivery in Drug-Dependent Pregnant Women: A Case Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Raquel Neves ◽  
Fabiane Neves ◽  
Isabel Santos Silva ◽  
Maria do Céu Almeida ◽  
Pitorra Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Drug Dependent ◽  
Route Of Delivery ◽  
Control Study

Objective. To determine the contribution of drug use during pregnancy to the route of delivery.Methods. A case-control study was conducted at a hospital in Coimbra, Portugal, between 2001 and 2014. Drug-dependent pregnant women (n=236) were compared with a control group of low risk women (n=228) in terms of maternal characteristics, obstetric history, pregnancy complications, and labor details. Factors that influenced the mode of delivery were determined. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v. 23.0 (IBM Corp.).pvalues < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results. Drug-dependent women presented a lower rate of cesarean delivery (18.2 versus 28.9%,p=0.006). After adjusting for the factors that were significantly related to the mode of delivery, drug dependency influenced the rate of cesarean section (β=0.567; 95% CI = 0.328–0.980). Within the drug-dependent group, the mode of delivery was significantly related to previous cesarean or vaginal delivery (p=0.008andp<0.001, resp.) and fetal presentation (p<0.001), but not with the type of drug, route of administration, or substitution maintenance therapy.Conclusions. The drug-dependent group presented a significantly higher rate of vaginal delivery. However, this was not associated with the behavioral factors analyzed. We hypothesize that other social and psychological factors might explain this difference.

scholarly journals An investigation into the association between latent toxoplasmosis and suicide attempts among adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442
Author(s):  
Hüsniye Yucel ◽  
S Burak Acikel ◽  
Saliha Senel
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: There have been several studies investigating the association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and psychiatric disorders although there is insufficient data on causality. Suicide, depression, and anxiety disorders have been especially investigated in this regard. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is any causal association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and suicide attempts in adolescents. Methodology: This is a case-control study conducted between January and December 2019. A total of 27 adolescents who had attempted suicide and were aged between 12 and 18 years were included in the study. 26 age and sex ratio matched healthy volunteers were taken as the control group. A possible association between suicide attempts and Toxoplasma gondii serology (IgM and IgG) was investigated.. Results: The suicide attempt group consisted of 17 females and 10 males. The mean age was 15.9 ± 1.4 (13.5-17.9) years. Toxoplasma gondii IgG seropositivity was 3.7% (1/27) in the suicide attempt group and 3.8% (1/26) in the control group. There was no significant association between the suicide attempt group and the control group in terms of the presence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study is one of the few studies examining the association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and suicide attempts in adolescents yet we did not find any significant association. Further evidence is needed to clarify this controversial issue.

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