scholarly journals The Implementation of Childhood Obesity Related Policy Interventions in Malaysia—A Non Communicable Diseases Scorecard Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5950
Author(s):  
Wilfred Kok Hoe Mok ◽  
Noran Naqiah Hairi ◽  
Caryn Mei Hsien Chan ◽  
Feisul Idzwan Mustapha ◽  
Thamil Arasu Saminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government

(1) Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has increased tremendously in the ASEAN region, including Malaysia. In Malaysia, the National Strategic Plan for Non-Communicable Diseases (2015–2025) provides the overall framework for its response to the non-communicable diseases (NCD) epidemic. Preventing childhood obesity is one of the key strategies for early intervention to prevent NCDs. The objective of this research is to examine the current status of policy interventions in addressing childhood obesity in Malaysia. (2) Methods: A panel of 22 stakeholders and experts from Malaysia, representing the government, industry, academia and non-governmental organizations, were sampled using a modified Delphi technique. Data were collected using a modified NCD scorecard under four domains (governance, risk factors, surveillance and research and health systems response). A heat map was used to measure the success of the four realms of the NCD scorecard. For each domain of the NCD scorecard, the final score was grouped in quintiles. (3) Results: A total of 22 participants responded, comprising of eight (36.4%) males and 14 (63.4%) females. All the domains measured in implementing policies related to childhood obesity were of low progress. Nine governance indicators were reported as 22.5% (low progress), four in the risk factors domain, and two in the surveillance. This shows that timely and accurate monitoring, participatory review and evaluation, and effective remedies are necessary for a country’s surveillance system. (4) Conclusion: Although Malaysia has published several key strategic documents relating to childhood obesity and implemented numerous policy interventions, we have identified several gaps that must be addressed to leverage the whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach in addressing childhood obesity in the country.

scholarly journals Relationship between childhood obesity and dietary behavior in selected school-going children from Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2469
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rahanur Alam ◽  
Mohammad Asadul Habib ◽  
A. K. Obidul Huq ◽  
Sumaiya Mamun ◽  
Sompa Reza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is rising in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Obesity is one of the significant risk factors for many non-communicable diseases. This research aimed to investigate the current prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in selected schools in Dhaka City through anthropometric evaluation, as well as to assess the correlation of various environmental determinants such as physical activity, dietary behavior, lifestyle habits, are associated with increased risk of obesity in children.Methods: This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 participants (50 male and 56 female participants) aged 6-14 years selected by convenience sampling from four randomly selected primary schools of different regions of Dhaka city. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-going children 24.5%, 68% respectively. Factors associated with being obese included type of game (χ2=34.036; p=0.001), total playtime (χ2=17.788; p=0.000), TV and computer watch time (χ2=27.321; p=0.007), spend money to buy fast food (χ2=26.451; p=0.002), eating days fast food in a week (χ2=24.825; p=0.003), type of tiffin (χ2=19.757; p=0.072).Conclusions: Less playtime, longer watching TV and computer, and eating more fast food are major risk factors for overweight and obesity among school-going children in Dhaka city. Interventions are needed to increase awareness of child overweight weight and obesity risk factors to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in the Sultanate of Oman: STEPS Survey 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhra Al-Mawali ◽  
Sathish Kumar Jayapal ◽  
Magdi Morsi ◽  
Waleed Al-Shekaili ◽  
Avinash Daniel Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Biological Risk

Abstract Background Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) represent a major public health issue and currently are the cause of 71% of deaths globally and 72% deaths in Oman. Hence, there is a need for comprehensive, up-to-date and internationally comparable data on NCD risk factors in order to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing public health policies and to develop further NCD prevention and control interventions. The aim of the study was to provide evidence-based, up-to-date, extensive, and reliable baseline data on the behavioural and biological risk factors of NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman.Methods A cross-sectional community‐based survey designed to be nationally representative of the Sultanate of Oman was conducted based on the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS). Multi-stage stratified random sampling according to geographical distribution selected a total of 9053 households (Omani nationals and non-Omani residents). Cluster sampling was used and symmetric equal number of blocks were chosen in each governorate with 823 households chosen from each governorate and one eligible adult selected from each household randomly. The survey used demographic and behavioural information questionnaires along with physical and biochemical measurements among adults aged 18 years and above.Results The prevalence of behavioural risk factors such as tobacco use was 9%, alcohol consumption was 2%, insufficient fruit or vegetable intake was 61%, and insufficient physical activity was 39%. The prevalence of biological risk factors such as overweight and obesity was 66%, raised blood pressure was 33%, raised blood glucose was 16%, and raised blood cholesterol was 36%. The prevalence of multiple risk factors was also determined and 95% of the population were found to have more than one risk factor. Three or more risk factors were found among 33% of population aged 18–69 years and 45% of the population aged 45 years.Conclusions These findings are important to support the formulation and implementation of NCD-related policies and action plans that improve health status and prevent mortality due to NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman.

scholarly journals Behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases amongst adults aged 18 years and above in Collins Chabane Municipality of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
selekane motadi ◽  
Charmaine Sambo ◽  
Nthovhedzeni Nesengani ◽  
Thembuluwo Ndalani ◽  
Rilwele Mutakuseni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors ◽  
Vhembe District

Abstract Background: Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and obesity are the behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases. To determine behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases amongst adults aged 18 years and above in Collins Chabane municipality of Limpopo province, South Africa. Methods: This study included 365 participants recruited from Collins Chabane municipality of Vhembe district, Limpopo province, South Africa. Municipality was selected using simple random sampling and convenience sampling was used to choose participants. Anthropometric measurements were measured following standard techniques. Data on dietary intake was collected using Food Frequency Questionnaire. Permission and clearance were obtained and participant’s rights were respected. Results: About (24.4%) of participants consumed alcohol in the current study. Males were more likely to consume alcohol as compared to female counterpart (54.6% vs. 3.3 %) Gender has a large effect on alcohol consumption. Cramer’s V = 0.58. The prevalence of alcohol consumption was higher in male (22.8%) as compared to (1.6%) female counterparts. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity was 7.7%, 29.8%, and 11.3%, respectively. Majority 61.1% of the participants had sedentary lifestyle in the current study. About 13.9% of the participants smoked cigarette in the current study. Of all participants who smoked cigarette 10.1% initiated smoking at the age of less than 19 years Conclusion: Behavioural risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, consumption of over required amount of sugar, sodium, protein, energy, carbohydrates, excessive fats intake, physical inactivity, overweight, obesity exist among people in Collins Chabane municipality.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in the Sultanate of Oman: STEPS Survey 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhra Al-Mawali ◽  
Sathish Kumar Jayapal ◽  
Magdi Morsi ◽  
Waleed Al-Shekaili ◽  
Avinash Daniel Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Biological Risk

Abstract Background Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) represent a major public health issue and currently are the cause of 71% of deaths globally and 72% deaths in Oman. Hence, there is a need for comprehensive, up-to-date and internationally comparable data on NCD risk factors in order to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing public health policies and to develop further NCD prevention and control interventions. The aim of the study was to provide evidence-based, up-to-date, extensive, and reliable baseline data on the behavioural and biological risk factors of NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman. Methods A cross‐sectional community‐based survey designed to be nationally representative of the Sultanate of Oman was conducted based on the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS). Multi-stage stratified random sampling according to geographical distribution selected a total of 9053 households (Omani nationals and non-Omani residents). Cluster sampling was used and symmetric equal number of blocks were chosen in each governorate with 823 households chosen from each governorate and one eligible adult selected from each household randomly. The survey used demographic and behavioural information questionnaires along with physical and biochemical measurements among adults aged 18 years and above. Results The prevalence of behavioural risk factors such as tobacco use was 9%, alcohol consumption was 2%, insufficient fruit or vegetable intake was 61%, and insufficient physical activity was 39%. The prevalence of biological risk factors such as overweight and obesity was 66%, raised blood pressure was 33%, raised blood glucose was 16%, and raised blood cholesterol was 36%. The prevalence of multiple risk factors was also determined and 95% of the population were found to have more than one risk factor. Three or more risk factors were found among 33% of population aged 18 years and above and 45% of the population aged 45 years and above. Conclusions These findings are important to support the formulation and implementation of NCD-related policies and action plans that improve health status and prevent mortality due to NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman.

scholarly journals Women Are More Vulnerable to Non-communicable Diseases in Rural and Urban Bangladesh (P18-082-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malay Mridha ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Showkat Khan ◽  
Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Ipsita Sutradhar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives In Bangladesh, the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and their risk factors is increasing. We wanted to assess the vulnerability of women by analyzing the differences in risk factors by gender. Methods Between February to May 2018, we carried out a cross-sectional survey to determine the baseline status of the NCD risk factors and prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among >30 years old men and women in selected intervention and control sites in the rural and urban areas of an NCD project in Bangladesh. We interviewed 2464 men (1268 in rural and 1196 in urban areas) and 2466 women (1273 in rural and 1193 in urban areas) and administered blood pressure and anthropometric assessment using the World Health Organization STEPS questionnaire and standard operating procedures. We carried out descriptive analysis using STATA 13.0. Results Ninety seven % of men were married at the time of interview but 22% of women were widowed. Prevalence of inadequate fruits and vegetable consumption (77% vs 65%), lack of physical activity (78% vs 59%), overweight and obesity (37% vs 18%), high waist circumference (31% vs 5%), hypertension (28% vs 24%), uncontrolled hypertension after medication (44% vs 63%), self-reported diabetes (11% vs 9%) was higher among women than men. Treatment seeking from a doctor for hypertension (76% vs 73%), intake of anti-diabetic drugs (94% vs 89%) was lower among women than men. Conclusions In Bangladesh, the prevalence of selected behavioral and clinical risk factors was higher among women than men. Treatment seeking behavior is slightly better among men than the women. The government should take the vulnerability of women into account while designing and implementing programs to prevent and control NCD in Bangladesh. Funding Sources Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

scholarly journals Risk-factors of non-communicable diseases in urban adolescents in Western India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 064-071
Author(s):  
Anushka Marathe ◽  
Shailaja Mane ◽  
Sharad Agarkhedkar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Private School ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Western India ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Government School ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Adolescents, who were once considered to be the healthiest individuals, are now seeing a rise in NCDs amongst them. This is a Short Term Studentship (STS) Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) selected research project of undergraduate medical student. It was done after institutional ethical clearance and permission from School Principal, assent from students and consent from their parents. This is a school based, cross- sectional study of total 200 school-going adolescents of 15 to 17 years age (100 students, each from private and government coed schools) in Urban Pune. A predefined, pretested AACCI lifestyle questionnaire was explained and given to the students followed by physical examination. The overweight and obese students were advised for further investigations for metabolic syndrome. In private school, the mean BMI was 21.16 for boys and 21.13 for girls while in government school, it was 19.62 for boys and 19.58 for girls. In private school, 3% students were overweight (Girls: 2.22%, Boys: 3.64%), 11% obese (Girls: 6.67%, Boys: 14.55%) and 4% underweight. In government school, 5% were overweight (Girls: 6.12%, Boys: 3.92%), 3% obese (Boys: 5.88%, no girls) and 17% underweight. In Private School, hypertension was in 5.45% boys and 2.17% girls. In government school, hypertension was in 3.64% boys and 2.17% girls. The prevalence of risk factors like overweight and obesity was higher in adolescents from private school than government school. It was more in boys in both schools. A significant correlation was found between lifestyle habits like eating fast food, sedentary lifestyle and non-communicable diseases in adolescents. This is due to change in lifestyle habits.

scholarly journals Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in the Sultanate of Oman: STEPS survey 2017

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259239
Author(s):  
Adhra Al-Mawali ◽  
Sathish Kumar Jayapal ◽  
Magdi Morsi ◽  
Waleed Al-Shekaili ◽  
Avinash Daniel Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Biological Risk

Background Non-communicable diseases (NCD) represent a major public health issue and currently cause 185.75 deaths per 100,000 population in Oman. Hence, there is a need for comprehensive, up-to-date and internationally comparable data on NCD risk factors in order to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing public health policies and to develop further NCD prevention and control interventions. The aim of the study was to provide evidence-based, up-to-date, extensive, and reliable baseline data on the behavioural and biological risk factors of NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman. Methods A cross‐sectional, prospective, observational community‐based survey designed to be nationally representative of the Sultanate of Oman was conducted based on the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS). Multi-stage stratified random sampling according to geographical distribution selected a total of 9053 households (Omani nationals and non-Omani residents). Cluster sampling was used to randomly select equal clusters from each governorate. 823 households were randomly selected from the list of all households in all selected clusters from each governorate and one eligible adult selected from each household randomly accounting for 6582 consenting participants. The survey used demographic and behavioural information questionnaires along with physical and biochemical measurements among adults aged 18 years and above. Results The prevalence of behavioural risk factors such as tobacco use was 9%, alcohol consumption was 2%, insufficient fruit or vegetable intake was 61%, and insufficient physical activity was 39%. The prevalence of biological risk factors such as overweight and obesity was 66%, raised blood pressure was 33%, raised blood glucose was 16%, and raised blood cholesterol was 36%. The prevalence of multiple risk factors was also determined and 95% of the population were found to have more than one risk factor. Three or more risk factors were found among 33% of population aged 18 years and above and 45% of the population aged 45 years and above. Conclusion A high prevalence of various NCD risk factors was found which needs to be addressed through health promotion, education, and policy. The findings are important to support the formulation and implementation of NCD-related policies and action plans that improve health status and prevent mortality due to NCDs in Oman.

scholarly journals Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in urban slum of Salem, Tamil Nadu

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1863
Author(s):  
Jeevithan Shanmugam ◽  
Dhanasekar Gurupatham ◽  
Archana Arumugam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
High Salt Intake

Background: Developing countries like India are experiencing increased burden of non-communicable diseases causing significant morbidity and mortality, both in urban and rural population. In this study we assessed the Risk factors of NCDs and its burden.Methods: There are four slums in the field practice area of UHTC, Annapoorana Medical College, Salem. Out of which one slum was selected by lot sampling and the participants by simple random sampling method. This survey included a total of 512 participants (272 males, 240 females) of age >20 years. The participants were interviewed with a pre-tested questionnaire. The study instrument was based on WHO STEP wise approach for surveillance of NCDs. STEP 1 and STEP 2 were used in our study. The performa included anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and questions related to tobacco use, alcohol consumption, dietary pattern, physical exercise. Microsoft Excel 2007 was used for data entry, SPSS version 24 for data analysis.Results: It was found that the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs was high. Tobacco use in any form was seen in 21.3% of the study population, alcohol consumption in 28.1%, overweight and obesity in 20.7%, sedentary habits in 84.6%, irregular intake of green leafy vegetables and fruits in 85% and high salt intake in 38.5% was observed.Conclusions: The study showed higher prevalence of risk factors for NCDs. This alarms the heavy future burden of NCDs in the urban slum that requires appropriate early actions to prevent risk factors, reducing the disease burden.

scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases’ risk factors in India: a review of the current situation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4094
Author(s):  
Anjana Verma ◽  
Ashish Patyal ◽  
Medha Mathur ◽  
Navgeet Mathur ◽  
Shiv Virmani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regular System ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Considerable Morbidity

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality, leading to a significant burden on the health care systems in developing countries like India. Despite heavy burden, there is no regular system of collection of good quality representative data on NCDs or their risk factors in India. The published review articles show the trends of risk factors, however only for one or few more risk factors, thereby rendering them non comprehensive. This paper examines the updated data and epidemiology of all the NCD risk factors, to provide the summary estimates of their prevalence at national level. A thorough knowledge on current status of risk factors is required to formulate the policies and programmes, so that the rising burden of NCDs can be tackled.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Oman: STEPS Survey 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhra Al-Mawali ◽  
Sathish Kumar Jayapal ◽  
Magdi Morsi ◽  
Waleed Al-Shekaili ◽  
Avinash Daniel Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Biological Risk

Abstract Background Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) represent a major public health issue and currently are the cause of 71% of deaths globally and 72% deaths in Oman. Hence, there is a need for comprehensive, up-to-date and internationally comparable data on NCD risk factors in order to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing public health policies and to develop further NCD prevention and control interventions. The aim of the study was to provide evidence-based, up-to-date, extensive, and reliable baseline data on the behavioural and biological risk factors of NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman. Methods A cross‐sectional community‐based survey designed to be nationally representative of the Sultanate of Oman was conducted based on the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS). Multi-stage stratified random sampling according to geographical distribution selected a total of 9053 households (Omani nationals and non-Omani residents). Cluster sampling was used and symmetric equal number of blocks were chosen in each governorate with 823 households chosen from each governorate and one eligible adult selected from each household randomly. The survey used demographic and behavioural information questionnaires along with physical and biochemical measurements among adults aged 18 years and above. Results The prevalence of behavioural risk factors such as tobacco use was 9%, alcohol consumption was 2%, insufficient fruit or vegetable intake was 61%, and insufficient physical activity was 39%. The prevalence of biological risk factors such as overweight and obesity was 66%, raised blood pressure was 33%, raised blood glucose was 16%, and raised blood cholesterol was 36%. The prevalence of multiple risk factors was also determined and 95% of the population were found to have more than one risk factor. Three or more risk factors were found among 33% of population aged 18-69 years and 45% of the population aged 45 years. Conclusions These findings are important to support the formulation and implementation of NCD-related policies and action plans that improve health status and prevent mortality due to NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman.

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