scholarly journals Gender-Dependent Specificities in Cutaneous Melanoma Predisposition, Risk Factors, Somatic Mutations, Prognostic and Predictive Factors: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7945
Author(s):  
Oriana D’Ecclesiis ◽  
Saverio Caini ◽  
Chiara Martinoli ◽  
Sara Raimondi ◽  
Camilla Gaiaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Prognostic And Predictive Factors

Background and aim: Over the last decades, the incidence of melanoma has been steadily growing, with 4.2% of the population worldwide affected by cutaneous melanoma (CM) in 2020 and with a higher incidence and mortality in men than in women. We investigated both the risk factors for CM development and the prognostic and predictive factors for survival, stratifying for both sex and gender. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies indexed in PUB-MED, EMBASE, and Scopus until 4 February 2021. We included reviews, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses investigating differences between women and men in CM risk factors and in prognostic and predictive factors for CM survival. Data synthesis: Twenty-four studies were included, and relevant data extracted. Of these, 13 studies concerned potential risk factors, six concerned predictive factors, and five addressed prognostic factors of melanoma. Discussion: The systematic review revealed no significant differences in genetic predisposition to CM between males and females, while there appear to be several gender disparities regarding CM risk factors, partly attributable to different lifestyles and behavioral habits between men and women. There is currently no clear evidence of whether the mutational landscapes of CM differ by sex/gender. Prognosis is justified by a complex combination of phenotypes and immune functions, while reported differences between genders in predicting the effectiveness of new treatments are inconsistent. Overall, the results emerging from the literature reveal the importance of considering the sex/gender variable in all studies and pave the way for including it towards precision medicine. Conclusion: Men and women differ genetically, biologically, and by social construct. Our systematic review shows that, although fundamental, the variable sex/gender is not among the ones collected and analyzed.

scholarly journals Radiotherapy of oligometastatic prostate cancer: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rogowski ◽  
Mack Roach ◽  
Nina-Sophie Schmidt-Hegemann ◽  
Christian Trapp ◽  
Rieke von Bestenbostel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Oligometastatic Disease ◽  
Psma Pet ◽  
Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prognostic And Predictive Factors

Abstract Background Due to improved imaging sensitivity, the term “oligometastatic” prostate cancer disease is diagnosed more often, leading to an increasing interest in metastasis-directed therapy (MDT). There are two types of radiation based MDT applied when treating oligometastatic disease: (1) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) generally used for bone metastases; or (2) SBRT for isolated nodal oligometastases combined with prophylactic elective nodal radiotherapy. This review aims to summarize current evidence data, which may shed light on the optimal management of this heterogeneous group of patients. Methods A systematic review of the Medline database through PubMed was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. All relevant studies published up to November 2020 were identified and screened. Fifty-six titles were included. Besides outcome parameters, different prognostic and predictive factors were assessed, including site of metastases, time between primary treatment and MDT, use of systemic therapies, hormone sensitivity, as well as pattern of recurrence. Findings Evidence consists largely of retrospective case series and no consistent precise definition of oligometastasis exists, however, most investigators seem to acknowledge the need to distinguish between patients presenting with what is frequently called “synchronous” versus “metachronous” oligometastatic disease. Available data on radiotherapy as MDT demonstrate high local control rates and a small but relevant proportion of patients without progressive disease after 2 years. This holds true for both hormone sensitive and castration resistant prostate cancer diseases. The use of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for staging increased dramatically. Radiation doses and field sizes varied considerably among the studies. The search for relevant prognostic and predictive factors is ongoing. Conclusions To our best knowledge this review on oligometastatic prostate cancer included the largest number of original articles. It demonstrates the therapeutic potential and challenges of MDT for oligometastatic prostate cancer. Prospective studies are under way and will provide further high-level evidence.

scholarly journals Patient perspectives on priorities for research on conventional and sex- and gender-related cardiovascular risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 656-661
Author(s):  
R. Bolijn ◽  
I. Schalkers ◽  
H. L. Tan ◽  
A. E. Kunst ◽  
I. G. M. van Valkengoed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Research

Abstract Background Recently, cardiovascular disease (CVD) research has focused on sex- and gender-related cardiovascular risk factors, in addition to conventional risk factors. This raises the question which factors are perceived by the target group (patients with CVD) as priorities for further research. Methods We carried out a survey to study priority setting for more research into conventional and sex- and gender-related risk factors according to 980 men and women with CVD or those at increased risk of CVD in the Netherlands. Data on conventional and sex- and gender-related risk factors were descriptively analysed, stratified by gender group. Results The most frequently prioritised conventional factors according to men were heritability, overweight and unhealthy diet, while women most frequently listed stress, heritability and hypertension. The most frequently prioritised sex- and gender-related risk factors were depression or depressive feelings, migraine and having many caretaking responsibilities (men), and pregnancy complications, contraceptive pill use and early age at menopause (women). New research on sex- and gender-related risk factors was perceived roughly as relevant as that on conventional factors by men (mean 7.4 and 8.3 on a 1–10 scale, respectively) and women (8.2 and 8.6, respectively). Ethnic and gender minority groups placed more emphasis on risk factors related to sociocultural aspects (gender) than the majority group. Conclusion Men and women with CVD or those at increased risk of CVD perceived new research on conventional and sex- and gender-related risk factors as a priority. These findings may guide researchers and funders in further prioritising new CVD research.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of prostate and kidney cancer in the Aboriginal population of Canada: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Chu Lee Wong ◽  
Anil Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Aboriginal Population ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Reported Data

Introduction: Prostate and kidney cancer rates in the Aboriginal population of Canada is a growing issue.Methods: A systematic review of prostate and kidney cancer epidemiology in the Aboriginal population of Canada was performed with international comparison and evaluation of present epidemiological disparities. PubMed, Medline, and Embase (from January 1946 to June 2016), relevant government-published reports, and the websites of organizations contributing to prostate or kidney cancer guidelines were searched. We included studies that informed any of the three epidemiological questions this review is focused on answering. Results: Two systematic reviews, two meta-analyses, five literature reviews, and 21 single-study papers were included. The incidence and mortality rates of kidney cancer were elevated among Canadian Aboriginals when compared to the provincial or national population and to several international regions. No studies reported data on survival. Prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates were lower in Aboriginals provincially, nationally, and internationally, with incidence and survival reaching statistical significance. Elevated rate of risk factors for kidney cancer was a significant finding among Canadian Aboriginals. Aboriginals were screened for prostate cancer less than the general Canadian population, a trend also observed in the U.S.Conclusions: The elevated incidence and mortality of kidney cancer among Canadian Aboriginals is most likely attributable to the rise in lifestyle-based risk factors. Two correlations concerning prostate cancer are made. However, due to temporal and regional disparities in data, further investigation is required to elucidate these observations.

scholarly journals Prognostic and Predictive Factors for the Curative Treatment of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer in Randomized Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
van den Ende ◽  
ter Veer ◽  
Mali ◽  
van Berge Henegouwen ◽  
Hulshof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Prognostic And Predictive Factors

Background: An overview of promising prognostic variables and predictive subgroups concerning the curative treatment of esophageal and gastric cancer from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and ASCO/ESMO conferences were searched up to March 2019 for RCTs on the curative treatment of esophageal or gastric cancer with data on prognostic and/or predictive factors for overall survival. Prognostic factors were deemed potentially clinically relevant according to the following criteria; (1) statistically significant (p < 0.05) in a multivariate analysis, (2) reported in at least 250 patients, and (3) p < 0.05, in ≥ 33% of the total number of patients in RCTs reporting this factor. Predictive factors were potentially clinically-relevant if (1) the p-value for interaction between subgroups was <0.20 and (2) the hazard ratio in one of the subgroups was significant (p < 0.05). Results: For gastric cancer, 39 RCTs were identified (n = 13,530 patients) and, for esophageal cancer, 33 RCTs were identified (n = 8618 patients). In total, we identified 23 potentially clinically relevant prognostic factors for gastric cancer and 16 for esophageal cancer. There were 15 potentially clinically relevant predictive factors for gastric cancer and 10 for esophageal cancer. Conclusion: The identified prognostic and predictive factors can be included and analyzed in future RCTs and be of guidance for nomograms. Further validation should be performed in large patient cohorts.

scholarly journals Gender differences in the relationship between built environment and non-communicable diseases: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Sara Valson ◽  
V. Raman Kutty
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Relationship

Non-communicable diseases are on the rise globally. Risk factors of non-communicable diseases continue to be a growing concern in both developed and developing countries. With significant rise in population and establishment of buildings, rapid changes have taken place in the built environment. Relationship between health and place, particularly with non-communicable diseases has been established in previous literature. This systematic review assesses the current evidence on influence of gender in the relationship between built environment and non-communicable diseases. A systematic literature search using PubMed was done to identify all studies that reported relationship between gender and built environment. All titles and abstracts were scrutinised to include only articles based on risk factors, prevention, treatment and outcome of non-communicable diseases. The Gender Analysis Matrix developed by the World Health Organization was used to describe the findings of gender differences. Sex differences, biological susceptibility, gender norms/ values, roles and activities related to gender and access to/control over resources were themes for the differences in the relationship. A total of 15 out of 214 articles met the inclusion criteria. Majority of the studies were on risk factors of non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Gender differences in physical access to recreational facilities, neighbourhood perceptions of safety and walkability have been documented. Men and women showed differential preferences to walking, engaging in physical activity and in perceiving safety of the neighbourhood. Girls and boys showed differences in play activities at school and in their own neighbourhood environment. Safety from crime and safety from traffic were also perceived important to engage in physical activity. Gender norms and gender roles and activities have shown basis for the differences in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Sparse evidence was found on how built environment affects health seeking behaviour, preventive options or experience with health providers. Though yet unexplored in the developing or low/middle income countries, there seems to be a major role in the gendered perception of how men and women are affected by noncommunicable diseases. Large gaps still exist in the research evidence on gender-based differences in non-communicable diseases and built environment relationship. Future research directions could bring out underpinnings of how perceived and objective built environment could largely affect the health behaviour of men and women across the globe.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Dian Daniella ◽  
Yenny Kandarini ◽  
Gede Wira Mahadita
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Sofa Score ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has high incidence and mortality. Risk factors for AKI in COVID-19 patients are not well explored. This systematic review provides a combination of available evidence regarding risk factors of AKI in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A systematic research was performed in Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ScienceDirect journal databases from 2019 to August 2020. The study selection process was plotted using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses flow diagram. RESULTS: Out of 553 studies found, four full-text studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in qualitative analysis. There are 2205 COVID-19 patients with AKI (36.44%) from 6051 COVID-19 patients. Age was a risk factors for AKI in two studies (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 [p < 0.001], OR 1.03 [p < 0.007]). Critical condition of patient is risk factors for AKI (OR 8.155 [p = 0.006]). Hirsch et al. stated that diabetes mellitus (OR 1.74 [p < 0.001]), cardiovascular disease (OR 1.48 [p < 0.001]), and hypertension (OR 1.25 [p = 0.02]) are also risk factors. Laboratory results such as elevated procalcitonin (PCT) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 showed positive association to AKI in COVID-19 patients (OR 4.822 [p = 0.037]; OR 13.451 [p = 0.016]). A higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at admission is one of the risk factors (OR 1.498 [p = 0.027]). CONCLUSION: Demographics, clinical classification of COVID-19, comorbidities, SOFA score, PCT, and eGFR can help clinicians predict AKI in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals ECCDIA: an interactive web tool for the comprehensive analysis of clinical and survival data of esophageal cancer patients

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingcheng Yang ◽  
Jun Shang ◽  
Qian Song ◽  
Zuyi Yang ◽  
Jianing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Esophageal cancer (EC) is considered as one of the deadliest malignancies with respect to incidence and mortality rate, and numerous risk factors may affect the prognosis of EC patients. For better understanding of the risk factors associated with the onset and prognosis of this malignancy, we develop an interactive web-based tool for the convenient analysis of clinical and survival characteristics of EC patients. Methods The clinical data were obtained from The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Seven analysis and visualization modules were built with Shiny. Results The Esophageal Cancer Clinical Data Interactive Analysis (ECCDIA, http://webapps.3steps.cn/ECCDIA/) was developed to provide basic data analysis, visualization, survival analysis, and nomogram of the overall group and subgroups of 77,273 EC patients recorded in SEER. The basic data analysis modules contained distribution analysis of clinical factor ratios, Sankey plot analysis for relationships between clinical factors, and a map for visualizing the distribution of clinical factors. The survival analysis included Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis and Cox analysis for different subgroups of EC patients. The nomogram module enabled clinicians to precisely predict the survival probability of different subgroups of EC patients. Conclusion ECCDIA provides clinicians with an interactive prediction and visualization tool for visualizing invaluable clinical and prognostic information of individual EC patients, further providing useful information for better understanding of esophageal cancer.

Prognostic and predictive factors for overall survival in metastatic oesophagogastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 214-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil ter Veer ◽  
Jessy Joy van Kleef ◽  
Sandor Schokker ◽  
Stephanie O. van der Woude ◽  
Marety Laarman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prognostic And Predictive Factors ◽  
Oesophagogastric Cancer

scholarly journals Rate and Predictors of Failure in the Conservative Management of Stable Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822110312
Author(s):  
Terence Tan ◽  
Milly S. Huang ◽  
Joost Rutges ◽  
Travis E. Marion ◽  
Mark Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Kyphotic Angle ◽  
Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures ◽  
Burst Fractures ◽  
Neurologically Intact

Study Design: Systematic review. Objectives: Management of stable traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures in neurologically-intact patients remains controversial. Conservative management fails in a subset of patients who require subsequent surgical fixation. The aim of this review is to (1) determine the rate of conservative management failure, and (2) analyze predictive factors at admission influencing conservative management failure. Methods: A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was performed. Studies with data pertaining to traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures without posterior osteoligamentous injury (e.g. AO Type A3/A4) and/or the rate and predictive factors of conservative management failure were included. Risk of bias appraisal was performed. Pooled analysis of rates of failure was performed with qualitative analysis of predictors of conservative management failure. Results: 16 articles were included in this review (11 pertaining to rate of conservative management failure, 5 pertaining to predictive risk factors). Rate of failure of conservative management from a pooled analysis of 601 patients is 9.2% (95% CI: 4.5%-13.9%). Admission factors predictive of conservative management failure include age, greater initial kyphotic angle, greater initial interpedicular distance, smaller initial residual canal size, greater Load Sharing Classification (LSC) score and greater admission Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores. Conclusion: A proportion (9.2%) of conservatively managed, neurologically-intact thoracolumbar burst fractures fail conservative management. Among other factors, age, kyphotic angle, residual canal area and interpedicular distance should be investigated in prospective studies to identify the subset of patients prone to failure of conservative management. Surgical management should be carefully considered in patients with the above risk factors.

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