scholarly journals Emotional Responses to the Visual Patterns of Urban Streets: Evidence from Physiological and Subjective Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9677
Author(s):  
Zijiao Zhang ◽  
Kangfu Zhuo ◽  
Wenhan Wei ◽  
Fu Li ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Subjective Indicators ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Visual Patterns ◽  
Exposure Experiment ◽  
Classic Form ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

Despite recent progress in the research of people’s emotional response to the environment, the built—rather than natural—environment’s emotional effects have not yet been thoroughly examined. In response to this knowledge gap, we recruited 26 participants and scrutinized their emotional response to various urban street scenes through an immersive exposure experiment using virtual reality. We utilized new physiological monitoring technologies that enable synchronized observation of the participants’ electroencephalography, electrodermal activity, and heart rate, as well as their subjective indicators. With the newly introduced measurement for the global visual patterns of the built environment, we built statistical models to examine people’s emotional response to the physical element configuration and color composition of street scenes. We found that more diverse and less fragmented scenes inspired positive emotional feelings. We also found (in)consistency among the physiological and subjective indicators, indicating a potentially interesting neural−physiological interpretation for the classic form−function dichotomy in architecture. Besides the practical implications on promoting physical environment design, this study combined objective physiology-monitoring technology and questionnaire-based research techniques to demonstrate a better approach to quantify environment−emotion relationships.

Estimating the Effects of Urban Street Incidents on Capacity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2615 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidin Massahi ◽  
Mohammed Hadi ◽  
Maria Adriana Cutillo ◽  
Yan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Signalized Intersection ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Incident Duration

The effect of incidents on capacity is the most critical parameter in estimating the influence of incidents on network performance. The Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM 2010) provides estimates of the drop in capacity resulting from incidents as a function of the number of blocked lanes and the total number of lanes in the freeway section. However, there is limited information on the effects of incidents on the capacity of urban streets. This study investigated the effects on capacity of the interaction between the drop in capacity below demand at a midblock urban street segment location and upstream and downstream of signalized intersection operations. A model was developed to estimate the drop in capacity at the incident location as a function of the number of blocked lanes, the distance from the downstream intersection, and the green time–to–cycle length (g:C) ratio of the downstream signal. A second model was developed to estimate the reduction in the upstream intersection capacity resulting from the drop in capacity at the midblock incident location as estimated by the first model. The second model estimated the drop in capacity of the upstream links feeding the incident locations as a function of incident duration time, the volume-to-capacity (V/C) ratio at the incident location, and distance from an upstream signalized intersection. The models were developed on the basis of data generated with the use of a microscopic simulation model calibrated by comparison with parameters suggested in HCM 2010 for incident and no-incident conditions and by comparison with field measurements.

You can’t beat the feeling: How emotional responses to exemplars in news stories affect perceptions of expert sources and the message of the news story

2021 ◽  
Vol 00 (00) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Lene Heiselberg ◽  
Morten Skovsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Television News ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
News Story ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Rate Information ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Main Message

Journalists include ordinary people as exemplars – also known as case sources – in news stories to illustrate the general issue through their personal accounts. These accounts from exemplars tend to evoke emotions in the audience and carry greater weight than base rate information when people form perceptions or attitudes on the problem at hand. In this study, drawing on a news story in which an expert source and an exemplar provide conflicting information, we explore viewers’ emotional response to the exemplar and their perceptions of the expert source and the main message of the news story. We do this by presenting participants with two versions of a television news story – one with and one without an exemplar. We measure participants’ emotional response through a combination of open-ended and close-ended self-reports and directly through electrodermal activity, and we explore their perception of sources and the message of the story through open-ended questions. We find that viewers experience increased arousal when they watch the personal account of an exemplar, and that they tend to interpret the base rate information in the light of the exemplar’s account. Furthermore, some respondents tend to delegitimize the expert source that contradicts the account of the exemplar. We discuss the implications that these results have for journalists and provide tentative advice on which measures journalists can take to counter such effects.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Nitrate Aerosol Production to Vehicular Emissions in an Urban Street

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjoong J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Street Canyons ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Nitrate Production ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Nitrate Aerosol

This study investigated the sensitivity of nitrate aerosols to vehicular emissions in urban streets using a coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)–chemistry model. Nitrate concentrations were highest at the street surface level following NH3 emissions from vehicles, indicating that ammonium nitrate formation occurs under NH3-limited conditions in street canyons. Sensitivity simulations revealed that the nitrate concentration has no clear relationship with the NOx emission rate, showing nitrate changes of only 2% across among 16 time differences in NOx emissions. NOx emissions show a conflicting effect on nitrate production via decreasing O3 and increasing NO2 concentrations under a volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited regime for O3 production. The sensitivity simulations also show that nitrate aerosol is proportional to vehicular VOC and NH3 emissions in the street canyon. Changes of VOC emissions affect the nitrate aerosol and HNO3 concentrations through changes in the O3 concentration under a VOC-limited regime for O3 production. Nitrate aerosol concentration is influenced by vehicular NH3 emissions, which produce ammonium nitrate effectively under an NH3-limited regime for nitrate production. This research suggests that, when vehicular emissions are dominant in winter, the control of vehicular VOC and NH3 emissions might be a more effective way to degrade PM2.5 problems than the control of NOx.

Cooperation Induces an Increase in Emotional Response, as Measured by Electrodermal Activity and Mood

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Sariñana-González ◽  
Ángel Romero-Martínez ◽  
Luis Moya-Albiol
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Electrodermal Activity

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Approach to Urban Street Functionality Prediction Based on Centrality Measures and Stacked Denoising Autoencoder

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Noori ◽  
Hamid Kamangir ◽  
Scott A. King ◽  
Alaa Sheta ◽  
Mohammad Pashaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Denoising Autoencoder ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Arterial Road ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Transportation Research

In urban planning and transportation management, the centrality characteristics of urban streets are vital measures to consider. Centrality can help in understanding the structural properties of dense traffic networks that affect both human life and activity in cities. Many cities classify urban streets to provide stakeholders with a group of street guidelines for possible new rehabilitation such as sidewalks, curbs, and setbacks. Transportation research always considers street networks as a connection between different urban areas. The street functionality classification defines the role of each element of the urban street network (USN). Some potential factors such as land use mix, accessible service, design goal, and administrators’ policies can affect the movement pattern of urban travelers. In this study, nine centrality measures are used to classify the urban roads in four cities evaluating the structural importance of street segments. In our work, a Stacked Denoising Autoencoder (SDAE) predicts a street’s functionality, then logistic regression is used as a classifier. Our proposed classifier can differentiate between four different classes adopted from the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDT): principal arterial road, minor arterial road, collector road, and local road. The SDAE-based model showed that regular grid configurations with repeated patterns are more influential in forming the functionality of road networks compared to those with less regularity in their spatial structure.

An open-source tool to extract natural continuity and hierarchy of urban street networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832096768
Author(s):  
Pratyush Tripathy ◽  
Pooja Rao ◽  
Krishnachandran Balakrishnan ◽  
Teja Malladi
Keyword(s):  
Zipf’S Law ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Zipf's Law ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Hierarchy Analysis ◽  
Indian Cities

Urban streets exhibit a hierarchical structure. From a network analysis perspective, continuity of streets based on the interior angle between street segments can be used to define ‘natural streets’ or ‘strokes’. The length of these ‘strokes’ can then be used to generate a hierarchy of street network. While researchers have described methods for defining such strokes and released tools that enable such analysis, the existing tools are dependent on proprietary applications and only an outline of the algorithm is available in the literature. This paper addresses these limitations and advances past approaches by (a) describing an efficient algorithm ‘COINS’ for conducting street continuity and hierarchy analysis and (b) releasing the python script and QGIS plugin which will enable users to implement this analysis independent of proprietary software and enable automation to process multiple datasets. The paper demonstrates the application of this tool using street network data from OpenStreetMap for 10 Indian cities and two international ones. Results indicate that our algorithm can detect the skeletal structure of a city which is visually very similar to the OpenStreetMap user-generated hierarchy, both at the city level and at the neighbourhood level. Analysing the results from 10 Indian cities using log–log plots of stroke length and stroke rank, we find that the strokes appear to follow Zipf’s law, but only in the mid-range of stroke lengths. Consistent with existing literature, we see that in our sample of Indian cities also there is a strong deviation from Zipf’s law for strokes that are approximately 100 m or lower.

scholarly journals Emotional response in depersonalization: A systematic review of electrodermal activity studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 877-882
Author(s):  
Mathilde Horn ◽  
Thomas Fovet ◽  
Guillaume Vaiva ◽  
Pierre Thomas ◽  
Ali Amad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Electrodermal Activity

scholarly journals People’s Experiences in Relation to the City Liveliness of Urban Heritage Trail

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syazana Suaidah Shahimi ◽  
Izawati Tukiman ◽  
Mohd Ramzi Mohd Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Street Life ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Street Design ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
The City

Populaces are prominent indicators of livability in creating ‘street life’ for cities and public spaces. Evaluating people’s experiences is significant in creating a city liveliness and urban heritage trail. The exploration of design strategies that could allow them to integrated and connected with other spaces in the context of city and heritage as well as creating a social life among them. The measuring variables are people’s experience on the spaces; thus, create the pattern of behavior, which cause spaces liveliness, using Kuala Lumpur Heritage Trail as an example of pedestrian priority streets, city environment and heritage value. The aim of this research is to evaluate people’s experiences and analyze their behavior towards the urban street design within cities environment and Malaysia heritage values. The analyzed review comprising on the livability of the street in the context of interrelation between behavioral patter of people and the preferences of urban heritage. Hence, this paper will give an understanding of how people experiences the presence of urban streets and heritage values, thus, bringing liveliness to the streets.

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