scholarly journals Estimated Direct Medical Cost of Osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia: A Single-Center Retrospective Cost Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9831
Author(s):  
Bander Balkhi ◽  
Ahmed Alghamdi ◽  
Sulaiman Alqusair ◽  
Bader Alotaibi ◽  
Yazed AlRuthia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Total Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Physician Visits

Osteoporosis and its complications are a major health concern in Saudi Arabia, and the prevalence of osteoporosis is on the rise. The aim of this study was to estimate the direct healthcare cost for patients with osteoporosis. A retrospective study was carried out among adult patients with osteoporosis in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. A bottom-up approach was conducted to estimate the healthcare resources used and the total direct medical cost for the treatment of osteoporosis and related fractures. The study included 511 osteoporosis patients, 93% of whom were female. The average (SD) age was 68.5 years (10.2). The total mean direct medical costs for patients without fractures were USD 975.77 per person per year (PPPY), and for those with osteoporotic fractures, the total direct costs were USD 9716.26 PPPY, of which 56% of the costs were attributable to surgery procedures. Prior to fractures, the main cost components were medication, representing 61%, and physician visits, representing 18%. The findings of this study indicated the economic impact of osteoporosis and related fractures. With the aging population in Saudi Arabia, the burden of disease could increase significantly, which highlights the need for effective prevention strategies to minimize the economic burden of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals PMS22 Direct Medical Cost of Osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia: A Single-Center Retrospective Cost Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S596
Author(s):  
B. Balkhi ◽  
S. Alqusair ◽  
B. Alotaibi ◽  
A. Alghamdi ◽  
Y. AlRuthia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Single Center

scholarly journals PHARMACOECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ACUTE EXACERBATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN NORTH KARNATAKA, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul S ◽  
Abhinand Cr ◽  
Nikithareddy B ◽  
Jayachandra K ◽  
Lakshmi P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Total Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Acute Exacerbations

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the burden of cost in patients of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD).Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in COPD patients over a period of 6 months in general medicine and pulmonary wards of Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur, Karnataka, India. Direct medical and non-medical cost were included in the burden of cost. From the drug rate manual of hospital, cost for drugs and investigation were calculated.Results: Overall 100 COPD patients were enrolled in which 92 were male and 8 were female with a mean age of 60.33±10.98. The patients participated in this study were stayed in the hospital with mean±standard deviation (SD) value of 9±3. Minimum total direct medical cost was Rs. 1149.00 and maximum was Rs. 13,510.00 with a mean±SD 3297.48±1634.226, in which medicine cost was high (mean 2746.63). Minimum total direct non-medical cost was Rs. 100.00 and maximum was Rs. 3470.00 with a mean±SD 700.7±487.121, in which food expenses was high (mean 549.55). Maximum total direct cost was Rs.16,980.00 and minimum was 1349.00 with a mean± SD 3998.18±1921.47. Direct medical cost contributes 79.56% and direct non-medical cost contribute 20.44% of total direct cost.Conclusion: COPD has a substantial impact on health-care costs particularly for hospitalization. Exacerbation prevention resulting in reduced need for inpatient care could lower costs. The development of pharmacoeconomic is at an infancy stage in India at the moment, despite the rapid growth of clinical research. In a country with scarce resources and an ever-growing population with diverse health-care needs, health economics (Pharmacoeconomic evaluation) plays a pivotal role in determining the delivery of equitable and cost-effective health services.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Dromedary Camel HEV in Domestic and Imported Camels from Saudi Arabia

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Sherif Aly El-Kafrawy ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Hassan ◽  
Mai Mohamed El-Daly ◽  
Ishtiaq Qadri ◽  
Ahmed Majdi Tolah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Major Health

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) imposes a major health concern in areas with very poor sanitation in Africa and Asia. The pathogen is transmitted mainly through ingesting contaminated water or food, coming into contact with affected people, and blood transfusions. Very few reports including old reports are available on the prevalence of HEV in Saudi Arabia in humans and no reports exist on HEV prevalence in camels. Dromedary camel trade and farming are increasing in Saudi Arabia with importation occurring unidirectionally from Africa to Saudi Arabia. DcHEV transmission to humans has been reported in one case from the United Arab Emeritus (UAE). This instigated us to perform this investigation of the seroprevalence of HEV in imported and domestic camels in Saudi Arabia. Serum samples were collected from imported and domestic camels. DcHEV-Abs were detected in collected sera using ELISA. The prevalence of DcHEV in the collected samples was 23.1% with slightly lower prevalence in imported camels than domestic camels (22.4% vs. 25.4%, p value = 0.3). Gender was significantly associated with the prevalence of HEV in the collected camels (p value = 0.015) where males (31.6%) were more infected than females (13.4%). This study is the first study to investigate the prevalence of HEV in dromedary camels from Saudi Arabia. The high seroprevalence of DcHEV in dromedaries might indicate their role as a zoonotic reservoir for viral infection to humans. Future HEV seroprevalence studies in humans are needed to investigate the role of DcHEV in the Saudi human population.

scholarly journals Treatment pattern and direct medical costs of pediatric outpatients with actuate respiratory infection at X hospital in Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
Hendri Pranata ◽  
Rasmaladewi Rasmaladewi ◽  
Mukhlis Sanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Total Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Retrospective Data Collection ◽  
Pediatric Outpatients

Introduction: Acute respiratory infection is common among the general public. Such disease and its associated symptoms encourage higher consumption of medicine. Varied medications for ARI patients incur different costs of each patient, which eventually lead to higher healthcare costs. Objectives: To identify the treatment patterns and direct medical costs among ARI pediatric patients at X Hospital in Jambi. Methods: This research was an observational study with retrospective data collection. The samples were collected in 2018. Results: The results showed that the most-frequently administered antibiotic for ARI pediatric patients was cefixime (29.17%), while the most-commonly used supportive therapy for ARI pediatric patients was the combination of antihistamines, antipyretics-analgesics, decongestant, and corticosteroid (16.67%). The total direct medical cost to ARI pediatric patients was IDR 191,097. Conclusion: The mean direct medical cost for ARI therapy was IDR 191,097. More administered therapy resulted in higher medical costs. Keywords: ARI, child, antibiotics, direct medical costs

scholarly journals PCN75 Direct Medical Cost of Breast Cancer in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S435
Author(s):  
A. Alghamdi ◽  
S. Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost

scholarly journals Analisis Cost-Effectiveness Seftazidim Generik pada Pasien Kanker Payudara di Rumah Sakit Kanker “Dharmais” Jakarta, 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
NADIA FARHANAH SYAFHAN ◽  
AGUSDINI BANUN SAPTANINGSIH ◽  
MUTIARA JEANY RAHAYU PERTIWI
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Total Direct Medical Cost

ABSTRACTAdministration of ceftazidime shortened duration of neutropenia and hospitalization days in breast cancer patients who had infection after myelosupressive chemotherapy. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) as one of pharmacoeconomic methods was important to determine treatment attaining effect for lower cost. The aim of this study was to comparethe total direct medical cost and effectiveness, which was measured from length-of-stay (LOS), of generic ceftazidime A and B usage, and to decide which ceftazidime that was more cost-effective in early-stage and late-stage breast cancer patients at National Cancer Center Dharmais Hospital Jakarta year 2012. The study design was non-experimental withcomparative study retrospectively on secondary data from medical records and administrative data in 2012. Samples were taken by using total sampling method. The number of samples were 9 patients, which included 7 patients with generic ceftazidime A and 2 patients with generic ceftazidime B. The total direct medical cost of generic ceftazidime A in early-stage and late-stage breast cancer patients, respectively Rp 15.930.407,45 and Rp 15.962.519,25, were higher than generic B, respectively Rp 6.716.225,21 and Rp 7.147.956,92. Median LOS of generic A ceftazidime in early-stage and late-stage breast cancer patients, respectively 7 days and 10 days, were longer than generic B, respectively 3 days and 4 days. According to CEA result, generic ceftazidime B was more cost-effective than generic A.ABSTRAKPemberian seftazidim dapat mempersingkat durasi neutropenia dan lama hari rawat inap pada pasien kanker payudara yang mengalami infeksi setelah kemoterapi mielosupresif. Analisis cost-effectiveness merupakan salah satu metode farmakoekonomi yang penting untuk menentukan obat efektif dengan biaya yang lebih rendah. Penelitian dilakukan untuk membandingkan total biaya medis langsung dan efektivitas yang dilihat dari lama hari rawat penggunaan seftazidim generik A dan B, serta menentukan seftazidim yang lebih cost-effective pada pasien kanker payudara stadium awal dan lanjut di Rumah Sakit Kanker “Dharmais” Jakarta, 2012. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi komparatif secara retrospektif terhadap data rekam medis dan administrasi tahun 2012. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling. Jumlah pasien yang dilibatkan dalam analisis 9 pasien, yaitu 7 pasien menggunakan seftazidim generik A dan 2 pasien menggunakan seftazidim generik B. Median total biaya medis langsung kelompok generik A pada pasien kanker stadium awal maupun lanjut berturut-turut sebesar Rp 15.930.407,45 dan Rp 15.962.519,25 lebih tinggi dibanding generik B, berturut-turut sebesar Rp 6.716.225,21 dan Rp 7.147.956,92. Median lama hari rawat kelompok generik A pada pasien kanker stadium awal maupun lanjut berturut-turut 7 hari dan 10 hari, lebih panjang dibanding generik B, berturut-turut 3 hari dan 4 hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa seftazidim generik B lebih cost-effective dibanding generik A.

Cost comparison of XELOX compared to FOLFOX4 with or without bevacizumab (bev) in metastatic colorectal cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4074-4074 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Garrison ◽  
J. Cassidy ◽  
M. Saleh ◽  
F. Lee ◽  
R. Mena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Central Venous Access ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Total Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Cost Estimates

4074 Background: A recent randomized 2x2 phase III trial compared oral capecitabine + IV oxaliplatin (XELOX); IV 5FU/LV/oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4), XELOX+bev, and FOLFOX4+bev. FOLFOX4 was the regulatory control. XELOX was non-inferior to FOLFOX4 for progression-free survival, and bev-containing regimens were superior to comparison arms. This economic analysis compared expected costs in XELOX vs. FOLFOX4 arms in a US setting from a payer and societal perspective. Methods: Direct medical and indirect cost estimates (for patient time and travel) were compared. Resource use and patient time were estimated based on trial data and protocols. Data collected during the trial and used in the analysis were as follows: no. of visits / duration of drug administration, central venous access management, treatment of adverse events (AE), including hospital days for treatment-related AEs and total hours of ambulatory encounters. Unit costs were based on government fee schedules (i.e. Medicare reimbursements) and other published sources. Results: Total direct medical cost estimates were similar for bi-weekly FOLFOX4 and 3-weekly XELOX: $45,800 vs. $44,500. XELOX had higher drug costs while FOLFOX had higher drug administration costs, with about 15 more visits. Costs for hospitalization and ambulatory encounters were slightly lower for FOLFOX4; other medications and venous access were slightly higher for FOLFOX4. Similar patterns held for FOLFOX4+bev vs. XELOX+bev (total direct medical cost estimates $76,100 vs. $79,200). Indirect time cost estimates were lower with XELOX due to fewer cycles and visits: estimated savings range from $1000-$5000 depending on assumptions used. Conclusion: XELOX is estimated to have similar total direct medical costs and lower indirect costs compared with FOLFOX4. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Environmental Detection and Potential Transmission of Equine Herpesviruses

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Anisha Dayaram ◽  
Peter A. Seeber ◽  
Alex D. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Viral Dynamics ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Environmental Detection ◽  
Environmental Transmission ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Equine Herpesviruses ◽  
Important Disease

Equine herpesviruses (EHV) are a major health concern for domestic and wild equids and represent one of the most economically important disease agents of horses. Most known EHVs are transmitted directly between individuals as a result of direct exposure to exudates and aerosols. However, accumulating evidence suggests that environmental transmission may play a role including air, water, and fomites. Here, we reviewed studies on environmental stability and transmission of EHVs, which may influence viral dynamics and the use of environmental samples for monitoring EHV shedding.

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