scholarly journals Significance of the Diagnosis of Executive Functions in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10527
Author(s):  
Aneta R. Borkowska ◽  
Beata Daniluk ◽  
Katarzyna Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Modify Activity ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Remission Phase ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive chronic disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Cognitive decline occurs rather rarely in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) compared to other types. The present study aimed to assess executive functions (EF) in relation to clinical and demographic variables in patients with RRMS. The study involved 22 individuals with RRMS (aged 23 to 49 years) and 22 matching controls. All the individuals with RRMS were in the remission phase. The assessments were carried out using MoCA, BDI-II, Halstead Category Test, Porteus Maze Test, verbal fluency tasks and Stroop Colour-Word Interference Test. The findings show that the two groups differed significantly in all the tests. All patients with RRMS in the remission phase presented at least one cognitive deficit, observed in general cognitive functioning, abstract reasoning or other executive functions, i.e., fluency, interference suppression, planning, or ability to modify activity in response to feedback. The deficits in most cases (except for those measured with the MoCA, Category Tests and phonemic fluency), are not related to intensity of depression and duration of the disease. Findings suggest that the diagnostic process in the case of patients with RRMS may include psychological assessment focusing on potentially existing cognitive, mainly executive, deficits and their severity.

scholarly journals Innate Immune System and Multiple Sclerosis. Granulocyte Numbers Are Reduced in Patients Affected by Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis during the Remission Phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Zbyšek Pavelek ◽  
Francesco Angelucci ◽  
Ondřej Souček ◽  
Jan Krejsek ◽  
Lukáš Sobíšek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Statistical System ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Remission Phase ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. The cause of MS is still unknown, and the role of innate immunity is still poorly understood. Objective: The goal of this study was to understand whether, compared to healthy controls, the elements of innate immunity are altered in the blood of MS patients in the remitting phase. Methods: A total of 77 naïve MS patients and 50 healthy controls were included in this cohort study. Peripheral blood samples were collected and analyzed. All the calculations were performed with the statistical system R (r-project.org). Results: The results showed that MS patients had significantly lower relative representations of granulocytes than healthy controls, while the relative representations of monocytes remained unchanged. CD64- and PD-L1-positive granulocytes exhibited a nonsignificant decreasing trend, while granulocytes with other membrane markers remained noticeably unchanged. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that studies of the causes of MS and its treatment should also be focused on the elements of the innate immune response.

scholarly journals Fingolimod Regulates BDNF-AS and HOTAIR Expression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh khani Habibabadi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahraian ◽  
Mohammad Javan ◽  
Mehrdad Behmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Antisense Rna ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, is expressed by neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, BDNF is responsible for neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Recent studies showed that the Fingolimod, the first oral medicine for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS), induces BDNF expression. Besides, It is well demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a pivotal role in gene regulation. This study is mainly focused on how Fingolimod treatment plays role in BDNF regulation in coordination with lncRNAs. Methods: An in-silico study was performed to predict BDNF-regulatory candidate lncRNAs using online tools. Then, the expression of BDNF-related lncRNAs was analyzed in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) at baseline and after three months of Fingolimod treatment. Results: Based on in silico results, two lncRNAs with potential regulatory functions on the BDNF including, Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) and HOX Transcript Antisense RNA (HOTAIR), and also natural antisense of BDNF were selected. Fingolimod treatment increased the expression of HOTAIR lncRNA; however, the BDNF antisense RNA (BDNF-AS) expression was reduced dramatically. Furthermore, the results indicate a positive correlation between HOTAIR and MALAT1 lncRNAs and BDNF. Also, after Fingolimod treatment, the patients' EDSS scores were declined or remained unchanged, indicating disease hindrance by Fingolimod therapy. Conclusion: Altogether, fingolimod exerts protective roles in RRMS patients probably by the mediation of HOTIAR and BDNF-AS lncRNAs.

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment and depression in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis depending on age and neuroimaging findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana O. Kopchak ◽  
Tetiana A. Odintsova
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis is an insidious, disabling, both physically and mentally, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. This work aims to evaluate relationships between cognitive impairment in separate domains, depression and their correspondence with MRI-findings, as well as the influence on each other’s manifestations, in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Results Visual–spatial/executive functions and memory domains suffered more frequently than others in the study subjects under 40 years; in patients over 40 years old memory, visual–spatial/executive functions and abstract thinking impairment prevailed the most. Such cognitive domains as memory, language, abstract thinking, visual–spatial and executive functions were impacted in both groups of patients even without the apparent cognitive decline according to MoCA scale. Presence of depression impacted language and attention more prominently than the rest of the domains only in participants younger 40 years. According to the MRI, frontal lobe, corpus callosum and periventricular area were affected more often compared to other brain regions in case of cognitive impairment; meanwhile, combined lesions of frontal lobe and corpus callosum, fronto-temporal region were associated with depression. Conclusion Cognitive impairment and depression are one of the common, yet disabling and socially disrupting manifestations of MS. Quite frequently such complaints are neglected or considered as parts of comorbidities. At the same time cognitive impairment can be amplified by depression, especially in patients under 40 years.

scholarly journals Role of Natalizumab in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12
Author(s):  
Anuj Krishna Paudel ◽  
Sanjiv Bastakoti ◽  
Nitesh Raj Dulal ◽  
Gunja Piya ◽  
Sashi Bhusan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a non-traumatic neurological disease caused by an immune-mediated reaction leading to a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. The treatments for multiple sclerosis are mainly divided into three categories: treatment of exacerbation, slowing disease progression with disease-modifying therapies, and symptomatic therapies. Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that works by preventing the adhesion of lymphocytes into the endothelium of the blood-brain barrier, reducing lymphocyte infiltration into the central nervous system. This review aims to study the efficacy and safety of natalizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Methods: The review was performed using databases like PubMed, Cochrane library, Google scholar from which 48 relevant articles were selected based on the various inclusion criteria. The following keywords were used: “Natalizumab”, “Multiple sclerosis”, “side effects”, “Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis”, “progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy” in different combinations. Results: The literature review suggests that natalizumab reduces the rate of sustained progression of the disease and disability, and was associated with a lower relapse rate in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. However, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is one of the serious side effects of natalizumab. Conclusion: The literature review suggests that Natalizumab has favorable outcomes in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Since progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is one of the serious side effects of natalizumab, risk stratification should be done.

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