scholarly journals Reaction Times among Batik Workers: The Influence of Gender and Occupational Lead Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12605
Author(s):  
Denny Agustiningsih ◽  
Meida Sofyana ◽  
Santosa Budiharjo ◽  
Sri Awalia Febriana ◽  
Hikmawati Nurokhmanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Occupational Lead Exposure

(1) Background: Neglected occupational health and safety aspects in batik industries cause their workers to have an increased risk of lead exposure. The effect of occupational lead exposure on neurocognitive performance is inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted an observational study to examine the difference in simple reaction time between lead-exposed batik workers and non-exposed referents. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in seven batik enterprises in Lendah District, Indonesia, excluding workers with medical conditions impairing reaction time. Simple reaction time tests were conducted using an online tool. Two-way model ANCOVAs examined interactions between gender and job types on the mean differences in reaction time. (3) Results: After controlling for age and body mass index, we observed longer reaction times among lead-exposed batik workers than non-exposed referents with an adjusted mean difference of 0.19 (95% CI: 0.016–0.368) seconds. A more prominent detrimental effect of lead exposure on reaction time among female workers than among male workers was observed. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that occupational lead exposure could contribute to longer reaction time, notably among female workers. Thus, occupational health and safety precautions are vital to protect batik workers and preserve their important contributions to cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Manipulations of the Response-Stimulus Intervals as a Factor Inducing Controlled Amount of Reaction Time Intra-Individual Variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Paweł Krukow ◽  
Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik ◽  
Arkadiusz Podkowiński
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Response Stimulus

Aggrandized fluctuations in the series of reaction times (RTs) are a very sensitive marker of neurocognitive disorders present in neuropsychiatric populations, pathological ageing and in patients with acquired brain injury. Even though it was documented that processing inconsistency founds a background of higher-order cognitive functions disturbances, there is a vast heterogeneity regarding types of task used to compute RT-related variability, which impedes determining the relationship between elementary and more complex cognitive processes. Considering the above, our goal was to develop a relatively new assessment method based on a simple reaction time paradigm, conducive to eliciting a controlled range of intra-individual variability. It was hypothesized that performance variability might be induced by manipulation of response-stimulus interval’s length and regularity. In order to verify this hypothesis, a group of 107 healthy students was tested using a series of digitalized tasks and their results were analyzed using parametric and ex-Gaussian statistics of RTs distributional markers. In general, these analyses proved that intra-individual variability might be evoked by a given type of response-stimulus interval manipulation even when it is applied to the simple reaction time task. Collected outcomes were discussed with reference to neuroscientific concepts of attentional resources and functional neural networks.

Influences of Respiratory Cycle on Simple Reaction Time

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monte Buchsbaum ◽  
Enoch Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Respiratory Cycle ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Warning Light ◽  
Respiratory Phase ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
Phase Data

The effect of respiration on simple auditory reaction time was studied. In the first study, reaction times and respiratory phase data were collected during spontaneous breathing; in Study 2, a warning light signaled S to hold his breath in either inspiration or expiration. Both experiments showed faster reaction times with expiration. This is contradictory to reaction time findings reported by other investigators who have studied effects of respiration.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Recovery Curve for Clinically Assessed Reaction Time After Concussion

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Del Rossi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Clinical Measures

Context:  A change in reaction time is one of various clinical measures of neurocognitive function that can be monitored after concussion and has been reported to be among the most sensitive indicators of cognitive impairment. Objective:  To determine the timeline for clinically assessed simple reaction time to return to baseline after a concussion in high school athletes. Design:  Observational study. Setting:  Athletic training room. Patients or Other Participants:  Twenty-one high school-aged volunteers. Intervention(s):  Participants completed 8 trials of the ruler-drop test during each session. Along with baseline measures, a total of 6 additional test sessions were completed over the course of 4 weeks after a concussion (days 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28). Main Outcome Measure(s):  The mean reaction times calculated for all participants from each of the 7 test sessions were analyzed to assess the change in reaction time over the 7 time intervals. Results:  After a concussion and compared with baseline, simple reaction time was, on average, 26 milliseconds slower at 48 to 72 hours postinjury (P < .001), almost 18 milliseconds slower on day 7 (P < .001), and about 9 milliseconds slower on day 10 (P < .001). Simple reaction time did not return to baseline levels until day 14 postinjury. Conclusions:  Clinically assessed simple reaction time appeared to return to baseline levels within a timeframe that mirrors other measures of cognitive performance (approximately 14 days).

Study of Neuromotor Reaction Times under the Influence of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Repperger ◽  
Tom Jennings ◽  
James Jacobson ◽  
Norman Michel ◽  
Chuck Goodyear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Decision Choice

Neuromotor reaction times (simple, choice, and decision) were measured when Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was administered intravenously to nine healthy men in a double-blind study. Measurements were made of simple reaction time, choice reaction time, and decision time for each subject at various intervals over a 54-hr. period. Given the observed inherent interaction of the drug with the long time used (54 hr.), most analyses were conducted across separate time epochs. Injected subjects showed inhibition in the normal improvement of simple reaction time (which occurs with practice), and they reduced the time required to make a decision. Choice reaction time, however, remained unchanged across the drug-nondrug experimental conditions.

Gamma oscillations are involved in the sensorimotor transformation of pain

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Schulz ◽  
Laura Tiemann ◽  
Viktor Witkovsky ◽  
Paul Schmidt ◽  
Markus Ploner
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Sensorimotor Transformation ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
The Relationship

Pain signals threat and initiates motor responses to avoid harm. The transformation of pain into a motor response is thus an essential part of pain. Here, we investigated the neural mechanisms subserving the sensorimotor transformation of pain at the cortical level by using electroencephalography. In a simple reaction time experiment, brief painful stimuli were delivered to the left hand of healthy human subjects who responded with button presses of the right hand. The results show that the simple reaction time task was associated with neuronal responses at delta/theta, alpha/beta, and gamma frequencies. The analysis of the relationship between neuronal activity and response speed revealed that gamma oscillations, which were temporally coupled to the painful stimuli, but not temporally coupled to the motor response, predicted reaction times. Lateralization of gamma oscillations indicates that they originate from motor areas rather than from sensory areas. We conclude that gamma oscillations are involved in the sensorimotor transformation of pain whose efficiency they reflect. We hypothesize that the relationship between stimulus-locked gamma oscillations and reaction times reflects a direct thalamo-motor route of nociceptive information that is central to the biological function of pain.

Reaction Times and Derived Information Processing Measures: Limitations of Their Practical Use in Vehicle Operator Screening

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
Helmut T. Zwahlen ◽  
Michael L. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Rate Difference ◽  
Screening Measure ◽  
Time Averages ◽  
The Difference

The use of information processing rate (difference between the amount of uncertainty in a choice and simple reaction time situation, in bits, divided by the difference of the corresponding reaction time averages, in seconds) as a driver screening measure from a relevance point of view has been suggested by Fergenson (1971).

Effect of Exercise on Simple Reaction Times of Recreational Athletes

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry McMorris ◽  
Peter Keen
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Maximum Workload ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Fatiguing Exercise

To examine the effect of moderate and fatiguing exercise on the simple reaction times of recreational athletes, 12 subjects took a simple reaction-time test while at test and while cycling on a Monark cycle ergometer at 70% and 100% of maximum workload. To estimate 70% and 100% of maximum workload the subjects underwent a standard incremental test until exhaustion, defined as subjects being unable to maintain the required pedal rate of 70 rpm. Simple reaction time during maximal exercise was significantly slower than in the other two conditions which did not differ significantly from one another. Heart rate and rate of perceived exertion differed significantly for all three conditions.

Decisions concerning the Rejected Channel

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everdina A. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Verbal Messages

It was thought that the physical aspects of auditory stimuli were possibly transmitted via separate pathways from those transmitting the verbal aspects. Three experiments were designed to test this hypothesis. In these experiments subjects had to perform a shadowing task and had to respond simultaneously on response keys to pips superimposed in either ear on verbal messages. The response to these pips was of increasing complexity, in that it was a simple reaction time which was measured in the first experiment, a choice reaction time in the second experiment and a more complex choice reaction time in the third experiment. Subjects were able to perform these tests although the increasing difficulty was reflected in longer reaction times and more errors. The reaction times to the pips presented to the ear which was not being shadowed were slower, and the errors, made to pips in both channels, were “false positives” rather than errors of omission. These results were taken as favouring the hypothesis.

Impending Electrical Shock Can Affect Response Force in a Simple Reaction Task

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Marek Wróblewski ◽  
Dorota Hojan-Jezierska
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Reaction Task

For 20 subjects reaction times and force of response were measured on a simple reaction time task to visual stimuli while activation was manipulated by occasionally delivering a noninformative electrical shock. In blocks in which shocks were delivered, forces of response were larger than those in control blocks without shocks. The results are discussed in terms of Sanders' mode! of stress.

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