scholarly journals Rethinking of Environmental Health Risks: A Systematic Approach of Physical–Social Health Vulnerability Assessment on Heavy-Metal Exposure through Soil and Vegetables

Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Silu Ma ◽  
Yongwei Song ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Jingcheng Zhou

In the field of environmental health risk assessment and management research, heavy metals in soil are a constant focus, largely because of mining and metallurgical activities, and other manufacturing or producing. However, systematic vulnerability, and combined research of social and physical vulnerability of the crowd, have received less attention in the research literature of environmental health risk assessment. For this reason, tentative design modelling for comprehensive environmental health vulnerability, which includes the index of physical and social vulnerability, was conducted here. On the basis of experimental data of heavy-metal pollution in soil and vegetables, and population and societal survey data in Daye, China, the physical, social, and comprehensive environmental health vulnerabilities of the area were analyzed, with each village as an evaluation unit. First, the polluted and reference areas were selected. Random sampling sites were distributed in the farmland of the villages in these two areas, with two sampling sites per village. Then, 204 vegetable samples were directly collected from the farmland from which the soil samples had been collected, composed of seven kinds of vegetables: cowpea, water spinach, amaranth, sweet potato leaves, tomato, eggplant, and pepper. Moreover, 400 questionnaires were given to the local residents in these corresponding villages, and 389 valid responses were obtained. The results indicated that (1) the average physical vulnerability values of the population in the polluted and reference areas were 3.99 and 1.00, respectively; (2) the village of Weiwang (WW) had the highest physical vulnerability of 8.55; (3) vegetable intake is exposure that should be paid more attention, as it contributes more than 90% to physical vulnerability among the exposure pathways; (4) arsenic and cadmium should be the priority pollutants, with average physical vulnerability value contributions of 63.9% and 17.0%, respectively; (5) according to the social vulnerability assessment, the village of Luoqiao (LQ) had the highest social vulnerability (0.77); (6) for comprehensive environmental health vulnerability, five villages near mining activities and two villages far from mine-affected area had high physical and social vulnerability, and are the urgent areas for environmental risk management. In order to promote environmental risk management, it is necessary to prioritize identifying vulnerable populations in the village-scale dimension as an innovative discovery.

Author(s):  
Sindy Rukmana Pratiwi ◽  
F Rooslan Edy Santosa

The purpose of this study was to determine the conductor description of household waste management in the district of Bulak Surabaya by using studies EHRA (Environmental Health Risk Assessment) where a study of participation in the District/City to understand the conditions of sanitation facilities and hygiene as well as societal attitudes on a household scale. This research was conducted by observation and interview. And the Village of respondents as an area of ??studyassigned randomly. Based upon the results of studies EHRA research in District of Bulak Surabaya , there are 200 respondents, only a small proportion of respondents who perform household waste management around 19.5%, while those who do not perform household waste management, 80.5% ofachievement SDGs taken from point 6 "Water and sanitation" where trash organic collected in TPS (temporary disposal sites) can be treated bymade as an organic fertilizer so that the waste that goes to landfill is reduced by 40 tons a day.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
Azwar

Sampah yang tidak dikelola merupakan sumber pencemar lingkungan dan tempat berkembangnya berbagai macam bakteri, pathogen, parasit dan sarang berbagai vektor.Pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh sampah yang terjadi di kota Meulaboh Kabupaten Aceh Barat dapat terlihat dengan banyaknya ditemukan sampah yang dibuang tidak pada tempatnya sehingga menimbulkan kesan kumuh dan kotor dan menghasilkan bau yang tidak sedap.Penelitian Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) tahun 2012 menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 78,1% masyarakat Kabupaten Aceh Barat belum menerima layanan pengangkutan sampah, hal ini menggambarkan bahwa manajemen sampah kota di Kabupaten Aceh Barat belum berjalan dengan baik. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untukmengidentifikasi kesesuaian pengelolaan sampah dengan peraturan dan perundang-undangan tentang manejemansampah.Jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus di kota Meulaboh.Subjek Penelitian terdiri dari 4 orang penjabat eksekutif pemerintah Kabupataen Aceh Barat dan 7 orang tokoh masyarakat.Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih terbatasnya anggaran dalam manajemansampah.Umumnya masyarakat masih kurang terlibat dalam pengelolaan sampah dan cenderung melimpahkan tanggung jawab pengelolaan sampah kepada pemerintah. Kesimpulan Pengelolaan sampah di Kabupaten Aceh Barat belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan peraturan dan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.Perlu meningkatkan anggaran untuk pengelolaan sampah di Kabupaten Aceh Barat.


Author(s):  
Roscoe Taylor ◽  
Charles Guest

This chapter will help you to understand the environmental health in the rapidly changing context of health protection, the usefulness of having a framework for environmental health risk assessment, and the process of identifying, evaluating, and planning a response to an environmental health threat.


2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 607-618
Author(s):  
Rachel E Zisook ◽  
Andrew Monnot ◽  
Justine Parker ◽  
Shannon Gaffney ◽  
Scott Dotson ◽  
...  

As businesses attempt to reopen to varying degrees amid the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, industrial hygiene (IH) and occupational and environmental health and safety (OEHS) professionals have been challenged with assessing and managing the risks of COVID-19 in the workplace. In general, the available IH/OEHS tools were designed to control hazards originating in the workplace; however, attempts to tailor them specifically to the control of infectious disease outbreaks have been limited. This analysis evaluated the IH decision-making framework (Anticipate, Recognize, Evaluate, Control, and Confirm (“ARECC”)) as it relates to biological hazards, in general, and to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), specifically. Available IH/OEHS risk assessment and risk management tools (e.g. control banding and the hierarchy of controls) are important components of the ARECC framework. These conceptual models, however, were primarily developed for controlling chemical hazards and must be adapted to the unique characteristics of highly infectious and virulent pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2. This assessment provides an overview of the key considerations for developing occupational infection control plans, selecting the best available controls, and applying other emerging tools (e.g. quantitative microbial risk assessment), with the ultimate goal of facilitating risk management decisions during the current global pandemic.


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