scholarly journals Diet and Consumer Behavior in U.S. Vegetarians: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Data Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Maximilian Andreas Storz ◽  
Alexander Müller ◽  
Mauro Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Consumer Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Dark Green

An increasing number of individuals adopt plant-based diets for their potential health benefits. Understanding vegetarians’ dietary behavior in the context of their socioeconomic background is essential for pro-vegetarian messaging and to influence public beliefs about plant food consumption. Thus, this study sought to investigate diet and consumer behaviors in U.S. vegetarians. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with data from the Nutrition and Health Examination Surveys (2007–2010). Selected items from three modules (diet and nutrition behavior, consumer behavior, and food security) were compared between vegetarians (n = 352) and the general population (n = 14,328). U.S. vegetarians consumed significantly fewer calories and less cholesterol but more fiber than their omnivorous counterparts. Moreover, vegetarians had significantly fewer soft drinks and salty snacks available at home. We also observed significant intergroup differences with regard to the availability of fruit and dark green vegetables. Vegetarians spent less money on eating out and indicated a lower number of not-home-prepared meals and ready-to-eat foods. We found no differences regarding money spent at supermarkets or grocery stores. Our study contributes to a better understanding of dietary and consumer behaviors in vegetarians. We shed a new light on the economic feasibility of vegetarian diets, highlighting that these diets are not necessarily more expensive than an omnivorous diet.

The prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Dariyah, a rural community in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Alghamdi ◽  
Godwin O. Ovenseri-Ogbomo
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Examination

Background: Visual impairment is disproportionately distributed between rural and urban dwellers. Rural dwellers have limited access to the eye care services that are available in urban cities.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Dariyah, a rural community in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.Setting: This research comprised a population-based assessment of the vision and visual status of the inhabitants of Dariyah community.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted amongst the inhabitants of the community of Dariyah. A comprehensive eye examination consisting of visual acuity, ocular health examination, objective and subjective refraction was performed. The examinations were conducted by registered ophthalmologists and optometrists from the Qassim University. Vision impairments were categorised according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Section 9D90, ‘Vision impairment including blindness’ (2018).Results: In all, 68 (24.5%) participants had vision impairment (using the better-seeing eye), with refractive errors being the main cause of vision impairment. Other causes of vision impairment included cataract (20, 7.2%), trichiasis (5, 1.8%) and glaucoma (2, 0.7%). Refractive errors were present in 193 (69.7%), with astigmatism being the commonest refractive error. About 60% of those with refractive errors presented without spectacles for correction, and 20% reported that they had never had an eye examination. Refractive errors could not be determined in 19 (6.9%) of the subjects because of conditions such as matured cataract and other ocular abnormalities.Conclusion: Uncorrected refractive error was found to be the leading cause of vision impairment in this rural community in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Time trends of vitamin D concentrations in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014: a population-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 3037-3044
Author(s):  
Eva Summerhays ◽  
Mats Eliasson ◽  
Robert Lundqvist ◽  
Stefan Söderberg ◽  
Tanja Zeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Entire Study

Abstract Purpose Vitamin D, produced through cutaneous photosynthesis or ingested via foods or supplements, has generated considerable research interest due to its potential health effects. However, epidemiological data on the time trends of vitamin D status are sparse, especially from northern Europe. We examined the time trend of vitamin D concentrations in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014. Methods We used data on 11,129 men and women (aged 25–74 years) from seven population-based surveys (the Northern Sweden MONICA study), recruited between 1986 and 2014. Serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) status was measured using a one-step immunoassay (Abbott Architect). Multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and a number of other variables, were used to estimate the time trend of vitamin D concentrations. Results The mean value of vitamin D in the entire study population was 19.9 ng/mL [standard deviation (SD) 7.9], with lower values in men (19.4 ng/mL; SD 7.5) than in women (20.5 ng/mL; SD 8.2). Using the survey in 1986 as reference category, the multivariable-adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] in ng/mL was 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) in 1990, 3.2 (2.7, 3.7) in 1994, 1.6 (1.0, 2.1) in 1999, − 2.0 (− 2.5, − 1.4) in 2004, 1.0 (0.4, 1.5) in 2009, and 3.1 (2.5, 3.6) in 2014. Conclusion In this large cross-sectional study, we observed no clear upward or downward trend of vitamin D concentrations in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014.

Debunking the High Cost of Healthy Diets: Consumer Behavior Predicts Dietary Energy Density in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712097012
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Vernarelli ◽  
Rebecca DiSarro
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Dietary Energy Density ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Dietary energy density (ED; kcal/g) is an established marker for diet quality and a risk factor for obesity. Previous studies have suggested that low-ED diets cost more than high-ED diets, adding an economic contribution to the obesity epidemic. This study evaluated the relationship between consumer behavior (money spent on food) and dietary energy density in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Design, Setting and Subjects: Data from 10,622 adult participants in the 2013-2016 NHANES were used for this study. The NHANES is a large cross-sectional survey conducted by the CDC and NCHS. Measures: Consumer behavior was evaluated by examining total dollars spent on food, as well as dollars spent at various categories of food stores & restaurants. Dietary ED was calculated using multiple methods. Analysis: Multivariate regression models were then used to evaluate the relationship between consumer behavior, defined as money spent in four categories (groceries, take-out, dining out, other food purchases) and dietary energy density. Results: Low-ED diets did not cost more than high-ED diets overall, though low-ED diets contained more servings of fruits (1.6 vs 0.4), vegetables (2.2 vs 0.9) and fiber (21 vs 13g), and fewer added sugars (15 vs. 18 tsp), solid fats (28 vs 39g), all p’s < 0.01. Differences in spending patterns were identified. A positive linear trend between money spent on fast food/takeout and dietary energy density (p < 0.001) was observed. Additionally, individuals in the lowest quartile of ED spent more at grocery stores per person than individuals in the highest quartile of ED ($182 vs. $150 p = 0.04). Conclusion: Spending pattern and consumer choices are associated with dietary ED in this cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative population sample. Identifying eating behaviors associated with diets high in energy density may inform future investigations that intervene on dietary habit for promotion of healthy eating and prevention of weight gain.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pemakaian Jenis Sikat Gigi Dengan Status Gingiva Pada Siswa Pengguna Alat Orthodontik Cekat di Sekolah Menengah Atas

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zul Afni ◽  
Dwi Suyatmi ◽  
Etty Yuniarly
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

Dental and oral diseases are still suffered by 25,9 % of Indonesia's population. Based on that percentage 31,1 % are receiving treatment and treatment from dental medical personnel, while 68,9 % are not treated. The use of orthodontic devices has spread among teenagers, especially high school children aged 14-17 with the aim of following trends and lifestyles without thinking about the impact. According to World Health Organization, schools and adolescents are important target groups for an oral health examination. To know the correlation of use of toothbrush type with gingival status on fixed orthodontic user students. This research type is analytic observation with a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in October-November 2017. The study population of this study is the students of class X who wear the fixed orthodontic appliance. Data analysis used chi-square. Respondents of fixed orthodontic appliance users orthodontic toothbrush are 60,5 %. Respondents of fixed orthodontic appliance users had a healthy gingival status is 57,9 %. The result of statistical analysis obtained significant value = 0,029<0,05. The type of toothbrush used has a correlation with the status of the gingiva on the students of a fixed orthodontic appliance.

scholarly journals Myopia in school children from high mountain region of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirjana Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Refractive Correction

Objective: Myopia is emerging as a public health problem in school going children. Prevalence of myopia differs in different geographical areas, race, ethnic groups and socioeconomic background. Purpose of this study was to find out myopia prevalence in schoolchildren from very high mountain region of Nepal. Materials and methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study. Vision screening was conducted in Snowland School among the children who come from high mountain region. Vision screening was done by volunteers using standard Snellen’s chart. Those who failed screening test underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist. Results: A total of 140 children had their vision assessed. Mean age was 13.9yrs (±2.8yrs SD). On screening, 28.5% children (n=40) had vision less than 6/9 in at least one eye. Seven children were already wearing myopic glasses, among which only 2 had vision 6/9 or better. Out of 40 children, 10% (n=4) had vision 6/9 or better and 90% (n=36) had refractive error. Out of these 36 children, myopia was present in all (100%).Hence prevalence of Myopia in total school population was 27% (n=38).All the children had simple Myopia from 0.5D-3.5D. After refractive correction, all the children had best corrected visual acuity of 6/9 or better. 86 % (n=120) children never had their eyes checked before. Conclusion The study showed high prevalence of myopia and was only ocular morbidity present in children. The result of this study can be a baseline in conducting large population based study in children from high mountains of Nepal. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(10): 246-249 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8737

Self-rated health and social capital in Iraqi immigrants to Sweden: The MEDIM population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Bennet ◽  
Martin Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Iraqi Women

Objectives: Poor self-rated health is an estimator of quality of life and a predictor of mortality seldom studied in immigrant populations. This work aimed to study self-rated health in relation to social capital, socioeconomic status, lifestyle and comorbidity in immigrants from Iraq – one of the largest non-European immigrant group in Sweden today – and to compare it with the self-rated health of native Swedes. Design: The study was a cross-sectional population-based study conducted from 2010 to 2012 among citizens of Malmö, Sweden, aged 30–65 years and born in Iraq or Sweden. All participants underwent a health examination and answered questionnaires on self-rated health, social capital, comorbidity, lifestyle and socioeconomic status. Results: In total, 1348 Iraqis and 677 Swedes participated. Poor self-rated health was identified in 43.9% of Iraqis and 21.9% of native Swedes ( p<0.001), with the highest prevalence (55.5%) among Iraqi women. Low social capital was highly prevalent in the immigrants. Female gender showed higher odds of poor self-rated health in Iraqis than in Swedes (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.5, pinteraction=0.024), independent of other risk factors connected to social capital, socioeconomic status, lifestyle or comorbidity. Conclusions: Although public health initiatives promoting social capital, socioeconomic status and comorbidity in immigrants are crucial, the excess risk of poor self-rated health in Iraqi women is not fully attributed to known risk factors for self-rated health, but remains to be further explored.

scholarly journals Frequencies and ethnic distribution of ABO and RhD blood groups in China: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e018476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jue Liu ◽  
Shikun Zhang ◽  
Qiaomei Wang ◽  
Haiping Shen ◽  
Yiping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Asian Populations

ObjectivesABO and RhD blood groups are key factors affecting blood transfusion safety. The distribution of ABO and RhD blood groups varies globally, but limited data exist for ethnic distributions of these blood groups in Asian populations. We aimed to evaluate the distribution of ABO and RhD blood groups among Chinese ethnic groups.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.SettingData on ABO groups and ethnicities were obtained from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project (NFPHEP) with participants from 220 counties of 31 provinces in ChinaParticipantsThere were 3 832 034 participants aged 21–49 years who took part in the NFPHEP from January 2010 to December 2012 and were included in this study.Outcome MeasuresThe proportion of ABO and RhD blood groups among different ethnic groups was calculated.ResultsABO and RhD blood distribution was significantly different among nine ethnic groups (P<0.001). Compared with other ethnic groups, the Yi group had more A phenotypes (34.0%), and the Manchu (33.7%) and Mongolian (33.3%) ethnic groups had more B phenotypes. The Zhuang group had the greatest proportion of O phenotypes (41.8%), followed by the Miao group (37.7%). AB phenotypes were more frequent in the Uygur ethnic group (10.6%) but lower in the Zhuang group (5.5%). Meanwhile, RhD negativity (RhD–) was greater in the Uygur group (3.3%) than in the Mongolian (0.3%) and Manchu ethnic groups (0.4%). O RhD– blood groups were more frequent in the Uygur group (0.8%) than in the other ethnic groups (0.1%–0.4%, P<0.001).ConclusionABO and RhD blood phenotypes vary across different ethnic groups in China. The diversity in the distribution of the ABO and RhD blood groups in different ethnic groups should be considered when developing rational and evidence-based strategies for blood collection and management.

scholarly journals A population-based study of teenage marriage in Upper Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3319
Author(s):  
Lamiaa Saleh ◽  
Hamada Ashry ◽  
Reham S. Al-Fakharany ◽  
Ahmed M. Abbas ◽  
Rasha S. Elbahrawe
Keyword(s):  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Of Marriage

Background: Early marriage of teenage girls before the age of 18 is a serious problem concerning public health that perils the girls' childhood in developing countries. The current study aims to highlight the socioeconomic background and the adverse drawbacks of teenage marriage in Upper Egypt.Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on 962 married females who were selected randomly by using a multistage random sampling technique. The participants were attending four urban and four rural primary health care facilities in Beni-Suef governorate, Upper Egypt in the period between May 2018 and October 2018. An interviewing questionnaire was designed to detect the suspected socio-demographic factors associated with teenage marriage.Results: The mean age of marriage of the studied participants was 18.7±3.5 years. The study revealed that 50.8% of the studied population was 18 years or less at marriage versus 49.2% married at age more than 18. Also there is a significant difference between the age of marriage and the educational level of both husbands and wives (p<0.001). The rate of accidental hemorrhage (3% versus 1.4%), placenta previa (2.2 versus 0.6%), eclampsia (1.8% versus 0.4%), and intrauterine growth restriction (3% versus 0.6%) were significantly higher in those married before 18 years (p=0.028, 0.036, 0.038, 0.005, respectively).Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant relationship between the marital age and the implicated socio-demographic determinants. Adverse sexual relationship and pregnancy outcomes were significantly related to the age of marriage.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus prevalence in Belgium

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luk Van Baelen ◽  
Johan Van der Heyden
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Population ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Reliable hepatitis C prevalence estimates are crucial for a good follow-up of the indicators to eliminate hepatitis by 2030 as set by the World Health Organization. In Belgium, no recent national population-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence estimate is available. The current study estimated HCV prevalence as part of the first Belgian Health Examination Survey, which was organized in 2018 as a second stage of the sixth Belgian Health Interview Survey. This national population-based cross-sectional study resulted in a weighted national HCV seroprevalence of 0.02% (95% CI 0.00–0.07%). The results show a much lower HCV seroprevalence compared to previous studies.

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