Criterion Validity and Applicability of Motor Screening Instruments in Children Aged 5–6 Years: A Systematic Review

The detection of motor developmental problems, especially developmental coordination disorder, at age 5–6 contributes to early interventions. Here, we summarize evidence on (1) criterion validity of screening instruments for motor developmental problems at age 5–6, and (2) their applicability. We systematically searched seven databases for studies assessing criterion validity of these screening instruments using the M-ABC as reference standard. We applied COSMIN criteria for systematic reviews of screening instruments to describe the correlation between the tests and the M-ABC. We extracted information on correlation coefficients or area under the receiver operating curve, sensitivity and specificity, and applicability in practice. We included eleven studies, assessing eight instruments: three performance-based tests (MAND, MOT 4–6, BFMT) and five questionnaires (DCD-Q, PQ, ASQ-3, MOQ-T-FI, M-ABC-2-C). The quality of seven studies was fair, one was good, and three were excellent. Seven studies reported low correlation coefficients or AUC (<0.70), four did not report these. Sensitivities ranged from 21–87% and specificities from 50–96%, with the MOT4–6 having the highest sensitivity and specificity. The DCD-Q, PQ, ASQ-3, MOQ-T-FI, and M-ABC-2-C scored highest on applicability. In conclusion, none of the instruments were sufficiently valid for motor screening at age 5–6. More research is needed on screening instruments of motor delay at age 5–6.

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Evaluating the Factor Structure and Criterion Validity of the Canadian Little DCDQ: Associations Between Motor Competence, Executive Functions, Early Numeracy Skills, and ADHD in Early Childhood

Assessment ◽

10.1177/10731911211003967 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107319112110039

Author(s):

Kesha N. Hudson ◽

Michael T. Willoughby

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽

The United States ◽

Parent Report ◽

Criterion Validity ◽

Early Numeracy ◽

Motor Competence ◽

Numeracy Skills ◽

Coordination Disorder

The Canadian Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (Little DCDQ-CA) is a parent-report screening instrument that identifies 3- to 4-year-old children who may be at risk for Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). We tested the factor structure and criterion validity of the Little DCDQ-CA in a sample of preschool-aged children in the United States ( N = 233). Factor analysis indicated that the DCDQ-CA was best represented by one factor. Using cutoff scores that were proposed by the developer, 45% of the sample was identified as at-risk for DCD. Although a much larger percentage of children was identified as at-risk than would be expected based on the prevalence of formal DCD diagnoses in the population, the Little DCDQ-CA demonstrated good criterion validity. Specifically, compared with their peers, children who exceeded the at-risk criterion demonstrated worse motor competence, executive functioning skills, and early numeracy skills and were rated as having greater ADHD behaviors by their teachers, all consistent with expectations for children who are at risk for DCD. Results are discussed as they relate to future use of the Little DCDQ-CA.

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Developmental coordination disorder is more than a motor problem: Children describe the impact of daily struggles on their quality of life

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/0308022617735046 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 65-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Jill G Zwicker ◽

Melinda Suto ◽

Susan R Harris ◽

Nikol Vlasakova ◽

Cheryl Missiuna

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Emotional Impact ◽

Qualitative Researcher ◽

Motor Problem ◽

Coordination Disorder ◽

The Impact

Introduction Affecting 5–6% of children, developmental coordination disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by poor motor coordination and difficulty learning motor skills. Although quantitative studies have suggested that children with developmental coordination disorder experience reduced quality of life, no known qualitative studies have reported what daily life is like from their perspective. Method Guided by an inductive realistic approach and using semi-structured, individual interviews, 13 children (8–12 years) were asked to describe what life is like in their own words. Three researchers coded interviews manually to identify relevant content. An experienced qualitative researcher conducted a second, in-depth thematic analysis using NVivo to identify patterns and themes. Findings Two themes – milestones as millstones and the perils of printing – illuminated participants’ challenges in completing everyday activities at home and at school. The third theme – more than a motor problem – revealed the social and emotional impact of these struggles and from being excluded from play. The fourth theme – coping strategies – described their efforts to be resilient. Conclusion Parents, educators, physicians, and therapists working with children with developmental coordination disorder must recognize how their quality of life is affected by the physical and emotional toll of their efforts to participate successfully in daily activities.

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Evaluating the CSAPPA subscales as potential screening instruments for developmental coordination disorder

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/adc.2006.115097 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 92 (11) ◽

pp. 987-991 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J. Cairney ◽

S. Veldhuizen ◽

P. Kurdyak ◽

C. Missiuna ◽

B. E Faught ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽

Screening Instruments ◽

Coordination Disorder

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Health-related quality of life in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Association between the PedsQL and KIDSCREEN instruments and comparison with their normative samples

Research in Developmental Disabilities ◽

10.1016/j.ridd.2018.02.009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 32-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Priscila Caçola ◽

Michael Killian

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Coordination Disorder

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Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder and Their Parents

OTJR Occupation Participation and Health ◽

10.3928/15394492-20120607-03 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 142-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yee-Pay Wuang ◽

Chih-Chung Wang ◽

Mao-Hsiung Huang

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Motor Proficiency ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Lower Hrqol ◽

Coordination Disorder

This study measured health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and their parents. A convenience sample of 369 children with DCD (144 girls; mean age: 11.2 ± 3.66 years) and 360 children with typical development (146 girls; mean age: 11.4 ± 4.09 years) was enrolled. The Bruininks—Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition was used to classify the DCD group into five levels of motor abilities. The HRQOL of the children was assessed with the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50, and the HRQOL of the parents was assessed with the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Although the two groups had comparable physical health, the DCD group had significantly lower HRQOL in all psychosocial domains. The degree to which HRQOL is reduced is related to motor proficiency. Compared to parents of typically developing children, parents of children with DCD had significantly lower HRQOL ( p < .05 for both SF-12 and BAI). HRQOL of the parents was unassociated with the motor proficiency of the children. DCD significantly affects multiple HRQOL domains in both the child with DCD and the parents.

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