scholarly journals Longitudinal Impact of WTC Dust Inhalation on Rat Cardiac Tissue Transcriptomic Profiles

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Sung-Hyun Park ◽  
Yuting Lu ◽  
Yongzhao Shao ◽  
Colette Prophete ◽  
Lori Horton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ground Zero ◽  
Transcription Profiles

First responders (FR) exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) Ground Zero air over the first week after the 9/11 disaster have an increased heart disease incidence compared to unexposed FR and the general population. To test if WTC dusts were causative agents, rats were exposed to WTC dusts (under isoflurane [ISO] anesthesia) 2 h/day on 2 consecutive days; controls received air/ISO or air only. Hearts were collected 1, 30, 240, and 360 d post-exposure, left ventricle total RNA was extracted, and transcription profiles were obtained. The data showed that differentially expressed genes (DEG) for WTC vs. ISO rats did not reach any significance with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 at days 1, 30, and 240, indicating that the dusts did not impart effects beyond any from ISO. However, at day 360, 14 DEG with a low FDR were identified, reflecting potential long-term effects from WTC dust alone, and the majority of these DEG have been implicated as having an impact on heart functions. Furthermore, the functional gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) data at day 360 showed that WTC dust could potentially impact the myocardial energy metabolism via PPAR signaling and heart valve development. This is the first study showing that WTC dust could significantly affect some genes that are associated with the heart/CV system, in the long term. Even > 20 years after the 9/11 disaster, this has potentially important implications for those FR exposed repeatedly at Ground Zero over the first week after the buildings collapsed.

scholarly journals Otolaryngologic Symptoms in Persons Exposed to World Trade Center Dust and Particle Pollutants: A Case for Caution in Declaring a Diagnosis of Wtc Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 1067-1073
Author(s):  
Swapna K. Chandran ◽  
Mary J. Hawkshaw ◽  
Robert T. Sataloff
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ground Zero ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Lower Manhattan ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
Cleanup Workers

Since the Sept. 11, 2001, attack on the World Trade Center (WTC), the health status of survivors, rescue and cleanup workers, and residents of Lower Manhattan has been monitored. Exposure to dust and particulate matter resulted in numerous complaints of both upper and lower aerodigestive tract irritation. The symptoms, diagnoses, and management of affected persons have previously been described in the literature. However, evidence establishing causation is scarce, especially with regard to the purported long-term effects of such exposure. Many persons who were exposed to the Ground Zero site have otolaryngologic conditions that are common in persons who were not so exposed. Therefore, otolaryngologists involved in the care of such patients should be cautious about assigning a diagnosis of “WTC syndrome” without a comprehensive examination to look for other possible etiologies. A diagnosis of a treatable, potentially serious health problem should not be missed simply because a patient who was exposed to WTC irritants was presumed to have WTC syndrome. In this review, we discuss the reported otolaryngologic manifestations of exposure to the WTC site, and we describe the specific cases of 2 workers there who continue to have otolaryngologic complaints. Considerable research is needed to establish the existence and nature of any long-term sequelae of exposure to WTC fallout.

G-CSF Treatment Induces Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 1181-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura G. Schuettpelz ◽  
Joshua N. Borgerding ◽  
Priya Gopalan ◽  
Matt Christopher ◽  
Molly Romine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Tlr Signaling ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Recent studies demonstrate that inflammatory signals regulate hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is often induced with infection and plays a key role in the stress granulopoiesis response. However, its effects on HSCs are unclear. Herein, we show that treatment with G-CSF induces expansion and increased quiescence of phenotypic HSCs, but causes a marked, cell-autonomous HSC repopulating defect. RNA profiling and flow cytometry studies of HSCs from G-CSF treated mice show that multiple toll- like receptors (TLRs) are upregulated in HSCs upon G-CSF treatment, and gene set enrichment analysis shows enhancement of TLR signaling in G-CSF-treated HSCs. G-CSF-induced expansion of phenotypic HSCs is reduced in mice lacking the TLR signaling adaptors MyD88 or Trif, and the induction of quiescence is abrogated in mice lacking these adaptors. Furthermore, loss of TLR4 mitigates the G-CSF-mediated HSC repopulating defect. Interestingly, baseline HSC function is also dependent on TLR signaling. We show that HSC long-term repopulating activity is enhanced in Tlr4-/- and MyD88-/- mice, but not Trif-/- mice. One potential source of TLR ligands affecting HSC function in the bone marrow is the gut microbiota. Indeed, we show that in mice treated with antibiotics to suppress intestinal flora, G-CSF induced HSC quiescence and hematopoietic progenitor mobilization are attenuated. Moreover, in germ free mice, HSC long-term repopulating activity is enhanced. Collectively these data suggest that low level TLR agonist production by commensal flora contributes to the regulation of HSC function and that G-CSF negatively regulates HSCs, in part, by enhancing TLR signaling. Our finding of enhanced TLR signaling upon G-CSF treatment, and the mitigation of G-CSF’s effects in mice deficient for TLR signaling or commensal organisms, suggest that TLR antagonists and/or agonists may ultimately be used clinically to enhance engraftment following bone marrow transplantation or applied toward the treatment of patients with bone marrow failure. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Cardiotoxicity in rabbits after a low-level exposure to diazinon, propoxur, and chlorpyrifos

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1241-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zafiropoulos ◽  
K Tsarouhas ◽  
C Tsitsimpikou ◽  
P Fragkiadaki ◽  
I Germanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation

Lethal cardiac complications leading to death and various arrhythmias have been reported after organophosphate and/or carbamate poisonings. The present study focuses on the long-term effects of repeated low-level exposure to diazinon, propoxur, and chlorpyrifos (CPF) on cardiac function in rabbits. The yearly based experimental scheme of exposure consisted of two oral administration periods, lasting 3 months and 1 month each, interrupted by an 8-month washout period (total duration 12 months). At the end of the experimental scheme, the rabbits underwent an echocardiographic evaluation under sedation, after which they were killed and the tissue and serum samples were collected. A mild localized cardiotoxic effect was established by echocardiography for the three pesticides tested. Severe histological alterations were identified, especially in the diazinon-treated animals in agreement with increased persistence of this pesticide established in the cardiac tissue. In addition, all pesticides tested increased the oxidative stress and oxidative modifications in the genomic DNA content of the cardiac tissues, each one following a distinct mechanism.

scholarly journals Dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease: incidence, management and long-term sequelae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Z Popiela ◽  
Ramez Barbara ◽  
Andrew M J Turnbull ◽  
Emma Corden ◽  
Beatrice Suarez Matinez-Falero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Ocular Inflammation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Skin Changes

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence of ocular surface disease in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) treated with dupilumab at a tertiary, university hospital. To describe the features of dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease, establish the need for treatment and report any long-term effects on the ocular surface.MethodsA retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated with dupilumab for AD between January 2017 and August 2019 was undertaken. Data was collected on demographics, incidence and type of ocular disease features, natural history and treatment.Results50% (14/28) patients developed ocular symptoms with a mean time of onset of 6.75 (+/- 6.1) weeks from starting dupilumab. 69% of these (9/13) were diagnosed with conjunctivitis - associated with cicatrisation in two patients and periorbital skin changes in four. Of these nine, four had prior history of atopic keratoconjunctivitis. All were treated with topical steroids; two required additional ciclosporin drops. 67% (6/9) patients developed chronic ocular inflammation requiring maintenance drops at a mean of 16 (+/- 6.9) months of follow up. All patients had improvement in their AD severity; only one patient discontinued dupilumab due to ocular side effects.ConclusionThe rate of dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease was 32%. Periorbital skin changes and conjunctival cicatrisation were noted in association with conjunctivitis. Ocular surface disease improved on topical steroids and ciclosporin but 67% of patients needed on-going treatment. Patients should be referred to an ophthalmologist prior to starting dupilumab as a large proportion develops chronic ocular inflammation.

scholarly journals Performance of Five Turfgrasses under Linear Gradient Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.L. Qian ◽  
M.C. Engelke
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Linear Gradient

Determining the appropriate level of irrigation for turfgrasses is vital to the health of the turfgrass and the conservation of water. The linear gradient irrigation system (LGIS) allows long-term assessment of turf performance under continuous irrigation gradients from excess to no irrigation. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the minimum irrigation requirements and relative drought resistance of `Rebel II' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), `Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), `Tifway' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], `Prairie' buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm], and `Nortam' St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze]; and 2) evaluate the long-term effects of irrigation levels on turf persistence, weed invasion, and disease incidence for the five selected turfgrasses under field conditions. Turf was sodded under LGIS with an irrigation gradient ranging from 120% Class A pan evaporation (Ep) to natural precipitation, along a 20-m turf area. Evaluation during the summers of 1993–96 indicated that grasses differed in drought resistance and persistence under variable irrigation regimes. Irrigation (Ep) required to maintain acceptable turf quality for respective grasses was `Rebel II' (67%), `Meyer' (68%), `Nortam' (44%), `Tifway' (35%), and `Prairie' (26%). Higher dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Bennett) infection was observed at 115% Ep irrigation regime in `Tifway' bermudagrass, whereas gray leaf spot [Pyricularia grisea (Hebert) Barr] was observed only at 10% Ep irrigation regime in St. Augustinegrass plots. An outbreak of brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn.) occurred in Sept. 1996 in St. Augustinegrass plots receiving irrigation at >80% Ep.

scholarly journals 9/11 Health Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6383
Author(s):  
James E. Cone ◽  
Albeliz Santiago-Colón ◽  
Roberto Lucchini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
World Trade Center Disaster ◽  
Trade Center

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is dedicated to increasing the scientific information available about the long-term effects of exposure to the 2001 World Trade Center disaster [...]

Longitudinal Impact of Community-Based Rehabilitation Programs on Functional Recovery After Stroke: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 108482232110355
Author(s):  
Ingyu Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this scoping review is to guide the effects of long-term application of CBRP in stroke patients and to help make recommendations for developing treatment protocols for therapeutic application. The study examined relevant literature published between 2009 and 2020 using searches of 4 scientific databases. CBRP may have long-term effects on the functional effectiveness of stroke patients. In particular, long-term effects on walking ability and level of daily living activities have been identified. However, disease-related health conditions and quality of life were less effective in the long run. The effect decreased over time, but the long-term effect was maintained. Long-term intervention after discharge has proven to make a significant difference in the outcome of the goal. Given the potential therapeutic benefits of this process, the results of this review highlight the lack of further research to establish the effectiveness of this form of community-based long-term rehabilitation therapy for stroke patients.

scholarly journals The Transcriptomic Evidence on the Role of Abdominal Visceral vs. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes in Asian Indians Indicates the Involvement of Both

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Anshul Kumar ◽  
Pradeep Tiwari ◽  
Aditya Saxena ◽  
Naincy Purwar ◽  
Nitin Wahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Transcription Profiles ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Average Gene ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The roles of abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in the molecular pathogenesis type-2 diabetics (T2D) among Asian Indians showing a “thin fat” phenotype largely remains obscure. In this study, we generated transcription profiles in biopsies of these adipose depots obtained during surgery in 19 diabetics (M: F ratio, 8:11) and 16 (M: F ratio 5:11) age- and BMI-matched non-diabetics. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used for comparing transcription profile and showed that 19 gene sets, enriching inflammation and immune system-related pathways, were upregulated in diabetics with F.D.R. <25% and >25%, respectively, in VAT and SAT. Moreover, 13 out of the 19 significantly enriched pathways in VAT were among the top 20 pathways in SAT. On comparison of VAT vs. SAT among diabetics, none of the gene sets were found significant at F.D.R. <25%. The Weighted Gene Correlation Analysis (WGCNA) analysis of the correlation between measures of average gene expression and overall connectivity between VAT and SAT was significantly positive. Several modules of co-expressed genes in both the depots showed a bidirectional correlation with various diabetes-related intermediate phenotypic traits. They enriched several diabetes pathogenicity marker pathways, such as inflammation, adipogenesis, etc. It is concluded that, in Asian Indians, diabetes pathology inflicts similar molecular alternations in VAT and SAT, which are more intense in the former. Both adipose depots possibly play a role in the pathophysiology of T2D, and whether it is protective or pathogenic also depends on the nature of modules of co-expressed genes contained in them.

The Forgotten Responders: The Ongoing Impact of 9/11 on the Ground Zero Recovery Workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-440
Author(s):  
Erin C. Smith ◽  
Frederick M. Burkle
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Ground Zero ◽  
Repetitive Motion ◽  
Psychosocial Impacts ◽  
Long Term Impact

AbstractIn the years following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks (9/11; New York USA), emergency first responders began experiencing a range of physical health and psychosocial impacts. Publications documenting these tended to focus on firefighters, while emerging reports are starting to focus on other first responders, including paramedics, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and police. The objective of this research was to explore the long-term impact on another important group of 9/11 responders, the non-emergency recovery workers who responded to the World Trade Center (WTC) site of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. In the 16 years following 9/11, Ground Zero recovery workers have been plagued by a range of long-term physical impacts, including musculoskeletal injuries, repetitive motion injuries, gait deterioration, and respiratory disorders. Psychosocial issues include posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, insomnia, support system fatigue, and addictive and risk-taking behaviors. These findings go some way to filling the current gap in the understanding on the long-term impact of 9/11 and to provide an important testimony of the “forgotten responders” – the Ground Zero recovery workers.SmithECBurkleFMJr. The forgotten responders: the ongoing impact of 9/11 on the Ground Zero recovery workers. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):436–440

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