Metal Content in Textile and (Nano)Textile Products

Metals, metallic compounds, and, recently, metallic nanoparticles appear in textiles due to impurities from raw materials, contamination during the manufacturing process, and/or their deliberate addition. However, the presence of lead, cadmium, chromium (VI), arsenic, mercury, and dioctyltin in textile products is regulated in Europe (Regulation 1907/2006). Metal determination in fabrics was performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The ICP-MS procedure has been successfully validated; relative standard deviations were up to 3% and analytical recoveries were within the 90–107% range. The developed method was applied to several commercial textiles, and special attention has been focused on textiles with nanofinishing (fabrics prepared with metallic nanoparticles for providing certain functionalities). Arsenic content (in textile T4) and lead content (in subsamples T1-1, T1-2, and T3-3) were found to exceed the maximum limits established by the European Regulation 1907/2006. Although impregnation of yarns with mercury compounds is not allowed, mercury was quantified in fabrics T1-2, T5, and T6. Further speciation studies for determining hexavalent chromium species in sample T9 are necessary (hexavalent chromium is the only species of chromium regulated). Some textile products commercialised in Europe included in this study do not comply with European regulation 1907/2006.

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Mercury determination and speciation analysis in surface waters

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/s11532-012-0027-0 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1175-1182 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elisaveta Mladenova ◽

Ivanka Dakova ◽

Dimiter Tsalev ◽

Irina Karadjova

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Speciation Analysis ◽

Regeneration Ability ◽

Mercury Species ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Relative Standard

AbstractA sorbent L-cysteine grafted silica gel has been evaluated for separation and enrichment of dissolved inorganic i-Hg(II) and methylmercury CH3Hg(I) from surface waters at sub-µg L−1 concentrations. Chemical parameters for mercury species enrichment and separation have been optimized. Analytical schemes for the determination of Hg species, using selective column solid phase extraction (SPE) with continuous flow chemical vapor generation atomic absorption spectrometry (CF-CVG-AAS) or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were developed. Possibilities for on-site SPE enrichment were demonstrated as well. The limits of quantification were 1.5 and 5 ng L−1 for dissolved i-Hg(II) and CH3Hg(I) by CF-CVG-AAS and 1 and 2.5 ng L−1 by ICP-MS with relative standard deviations between 7–12% and 7–14%, respectively. The chemically modified SPE sorbent has demonstrated high regeneration ability, chemical and mechanical stability, acceptable capacity and good enrichment factors. Results for total dissolved mercury were in reasonable agreement with those from independent analyses by direct ICP-MS determinations for river waters and for estuarine water certified reference material.

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Speciation of Mercury in Environmental Water Samples with Seasonal Change

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1690 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 264-265 ◽

pp. 1690-1695

Author(s):

M.M. Rahman ◽

Alias Mohd Yusof

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Change ◽

Water Samples ◽

Methyl Mercury ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Potassium Dichromate ◽

Graphite Furnace ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Graphite Tube ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Relative Standard

Mercury concentrations and speciation were determined in surface water samples taken from rivers in the vicinity of industrial area, in Johore Malaysia. Samples were collected from the same sites before and immediately after rainfall. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of seasonal change in river water on the concentration of mercury (Hg) species. Trace concentrations of mercury in water samples were determined by a method involving a simple and rapid procedure involving the flow-injection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FI-ICP-MS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) techniques. Mercury vapor, generated by sodium borohydride as the reductant, was stabilized by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), then released by controlled heating and detected by FI-ICP-MS. Methyl mercury (II) was preconcentrated using the ammonium pyrolidindithiocarbamate (APDTC)-chloroform extraction procedure and the chloroform extract was introduced into the graphite tube. The absolute detection limits were found to be 0.204 μg L-1 and 0.273 μg L-1 for total mercury and methyl mercury respectively, with thevariability being lower than 5% relative standard deviation (RSD) at the 5 μg L-1 level. Because of the high stability of MeHg (II)-APDTC complexes, it is possible to evaporate the extract in order to obtain a crystalline powder to be dissolved with a few micro liters of chloroform enacting MeHg (II) and Hg (II) can be detected at sub-nanogram levels.

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Germanium determination in environmental object by the method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma

Ukrainian Chemistry Journal ◽

10.33609/0041-6045.85.4.2019.110-113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 110-113

Author(s):

Olexandr Ponomarenko ◽

Anatolyi Samchuk ◽

Kateryna Vovk ◽

Igor Shvaika ◽

Ganna Grodzinskaya

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Microwave Field ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Relative Standard

The analytical technologies of sample preparation of rocks and mushrooms using the microwave field for the determination of germanium by the method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS analysis) have been developed. Germanium is a rare element. Germanium is homology of silicon and carbon. To date, the definition of low content of germanium in geological objects is a rather complex analytical task, which requires its concentration - extraction, co-precipitation, ion exchange. At present, the harmonious combination of the method of natural objects decomposition in the microwave field and germanium determination using ICP-MS analysis is particularly promising. Sample preparation of silicate rocks for ICP-MS determination of germanium was carried out by decomposition in a mixture of hydrofluoric, phosphate and nitric acids (5: 5: 2) in a microwave oven program at 240°C for 30 min. Sample preparation of mushrooms for ICP-MS germanium determination was carried out according to the following scheme. Initially, the dried sample was sealed in the presence of CaO, after dissolving it in a mixture of HNO3+HF+H3PO4 (6:6:1). Ge solution was extracted by Nazarenko V.A. extraction method. The developed analytical schemes have made it possible to significantly reduce the duration and labor intensity of sample preparation. The obtained solutions were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The developed method for determining germanium by ICP-MS analysis has been successfully tested on standard rock samples. The obtained results are in accordance with the accepted attribute, the relative standard deviation Sr ranges from 0.7-0.9. The data on the content and distribution of germanium in the Boletales fungi are obtained. They indicate wild mushrooms contain high levels of germanium, especially Boletus and Mushroom biospores. These studies are necessary because the essential properties of germanium and its compounds attract special attention of scientists today. Complementary Ge compounds which have hypotensive, bactericidal, antiviral and antitumor effects have already been synthesized.

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Determination of Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead by Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry in Foods after Pressure Digestion: NMKL Interlaboratory Study

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/90.3.844 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 844-856 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Kaare Julshamn ◽

Amund Maage ◽

Hilde Skaar Norli ◽

Karl H Grobecker ◽

Lars Jorhem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Method Performance ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Limit Of Quantitation ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Standard Deviations

Abstract Thirteen laboratories participated in an interlaboratory method performance (collaborative) study on a method for the determination of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) after pressure digestion including the microwave heating technique. Prior to the study, the laboratories were able to practice on samples with defined element levels (pretrial test). The method was tested on a total of 7 foodstuffs: carrot puree, fish muscle, mushroom, graham flour, simulated diet, scampi, and mussel powder. The elemental concentrations in mg/kg dry matter (dm) ranged from 0.0621.4 for As, 0.0328.3 for Cd, 0.040.6 for Hg, and 0.012.4 for Pb. The materials used in the study were presented to the participants as blind duplicates, and the participants were asked to perform single determinations on each sample. The repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr) for As ranged from 3.8 to 24%, for Cd from 2.6 to 6.9%, for Hg from 4.8 to 8.3%, and for Pb from 2.9 to 27%. The reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDR) for As ranged from 9.0 to 28%, for Cd from 2.8 to 18%, for Hg from 9.9 to 24%, and for Pb from 8.0 to 50%. The HorRat values were less than 1.5 for all test samples, except for the determination of Pb in wheat flour at a level close to the limit of quantitation (0.01 mg/kg dm). The study showed that the ICP/MS method is satisfactory as a standard method for elemental determinations in foodstuffs.

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Accurate Determination of Boron Content in Halite by ICP-OES and ICP-MS

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/9795171 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Zhang-kuang Peng ◽

Zhi-na Liu

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Boron Content ◽

High Salt ◽

Icp Oes ◽

Matrix Interference ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Salt Matrix ◽

Identification And Quantification

Boron element is widely distributed in different geologic bodies, and there are important geo-chemical applications in earth science. Halite is a common mineral found in sediment basin. However there is no good method to accurately measure the boron content in halite, which is mainly because Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) are limited by the high salt matrix interference and the instrument detection limit. Thus enriching the boron element and removing the matrix interference are necessary before the measuring. In this paper, Amberlite IRA 743 boron-specific resin was applied to enrich the boron element and remove most of the high-salt matrix. The strong acid cation resin (Dowex 50 W×8, 200-400 mesh, USA) and weak-base anion resin (Ion Exchanger II, Germany) were mixed with equal volume, which could remove the foreign ions completely: meanwhile, the relative content of boron in the solution reached above 98%, and the recoveries ranged from 97.8% to 104%. 208.900 nm was chosen as the detection wavelength for ICP-OES, and the detection identification and quantification limits were 0.006 mg·L−1 and 0.02 mg·L−1, respectively. 11B was chosen as the measuring element for ICP-MS, and the detection identification and quantification limits were severally 0.036 mg·L−1 and 0.12 mg·L−1. The relative standard deviations ranged from 1.4% to 3.4% through six replicates under different salinities. Therefore, the process could be regarded as a feasible method to measure boron content in halite by ICP-OES and ICP-MS.

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DETERMINATION OF LOW CONTENTS (LESS THAN 0,0005%) OF ARSENIC IN NICKEL ALLOYS BY ICP-MS AND AAS METHODS WITH ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIZATION

Proceedings of VIAM ◽

10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-11-3-10 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3-10

Author(s):

A.V. Alekseev ◽

◽

P.V. Yakimovich ◽

I.S. Legkodukhova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Nickel Alloys ◽

Certified Reference Materials ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Arsenic Content ◽

Electrothermal Atomization ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry

In this work, the determination of low contents (less than 0,0005 wt. %) of arsenic in complex alloyed samples of nickel alloys was carried out by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization. Also, the ICP-MS method was used to determine the arsenic content in chromium, which is an alloying component of nickel alloys. A technique for dissolving a sample and preparing it for analysis is presented. Spectral interferences are eliminated by applying mathematical correction equations, a reaction-collision cell and using corrective additives. The correctness of the results obtained is confirmed by the analysis of certified reference materials of nickel alloys and chromium.

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Construction and demolition waste in Macedonia, a study financed by the know-how exchange program SAMCODE promoted by the Central European Initiative

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10568 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gianluca Bianchini ◽

Ristovski Igor ◽

Milcov Igor ◽

Zupanc Alojz ◽

Natali Claudio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

Industrial Processes ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Central European ◽

Know How ◽

Icp Ms ◽

High Concentrations

Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste is the solid debris resulting from construction and demolition activities. Recycling of this solid waste may result in substantial economic and environmental benefits. Unfortunately, is some Balkan countries such as Macedonia C&D recycling awareness is not developed yet. In this country, C&D are often dumped without control. According to the Macedonian landfill operator "Drisla" the estimated amounts of C&D waste generated per year in the Skopje surroundings approach 150.000 tons, but nothing is known on their composition. On this basis, a know-how exchange programme (KEP) called SAMCODE was financed by the Central European Initiative (CEI) and specifically dedicated to the characterization of C&D waste in Macedonia. GAYA operators sampled C&D landfills in the surroundings of Skopje, verified the absence of radioactivity, and then crushed the C&D down to the grain size of two millimetres. Crushed C&D chips were sent to the Department of Physics and Earth Sciences of the University of Ferrara, where the materials were powdered and analysed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Moreover, to characterize elemental mobility leaching tests on the C&D powders were carried out according to the following protocol: 1g of C&D powder has been soaked with 10 ml of deionized water, for 24 h. Subsequently the solutions have been centrifuged, filtered (at 45 mm) and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). XRF analyses showed that &#8211; although variable - silica, calcium and aluminium are always the dominant components (SiO2 between 32 and 60 wt%, CaO between 7 and 30 wt%, Al2O3 between 7 and 16%) suggesting possible recycling in the ceramic/cement industrial processes. However, the real re-use of these materials in industrial processes is hampered by the lack of homogeneity, a feature required by the industries. The analysis of trace elements emphasized another critical aspect: Macedonian C&Ds often contain anomalously high concentrations of elements potentially hazardous, especially chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). Note that the high concentrations of Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb do not necessarily recall the presence of contaminants, as these elements can be present in natural raw materials used in the country. Noteworthy, in Macedonia there are rocks included in the ophiolite sequences such as peridotites, serpentinites, pyroxenites and chromitites that can contain thousand(s) ppm of chromium and nickel, and also mining areas where there are sulphides of lead (galena) and zinc (sphalerite). If similar rocks are used as raw materials in the building activity, it is not strange to have C&D anomalously enriched in Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn. This hypothesis is confirmed by soil studies retrieved in the literature that highlighted that Macedonian soils can contain anomalous content of these elements. ICP-MS analyses of leachates show negligible concentrations of Ni, Pb and Zn, but significant concentrations of Cr. The results indicate that to foresee effective recycling Macedonian C&D have to be preliminarily screened to eliminate Cr-bearing components, crushed and sorted to obtain a better homogenization.

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Sweat chloride assay by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: a confirmation test for cystic fibrosis diagnosis

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s00216-020-02821-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 412 (25) ◽

pp. 6909-6916

Author(s):

Antonella Marvelli ◽

Beatrice Campi ◽

Gianfranco Mergni ◽

Maria Elisa Di Cicco ◽

Paola Turini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Chloride Concentration ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Sweat Chloride ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Current Guidelines

Abstract The current guidelines for sweat chloride analysis identify the procedures for sweat collection, but not for chloride assay, which is usually performed by methods originally not aiming at the low concentrations of chloride found in sweat. To overcome this limitation, we set up, characterized, and adopted an original inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method for sweat chloride determination, which was designed for its easy use in a clinical laboratory. The method was linear in the range 8.5E−3 to 272.0E−3 mM, precision exhibited a relative standard deviation < 6%, and accuracy was in the range 99.7–103.8%. Limit of blank, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation were 2.1 mM, 3.2 mM, and 7.0 mM, respectively, which correspond to real concentrations injected into the mass spectrometer of 3.9E−3 mM for LOD and 8.5E−3 mM for LOQ. At first, the method was tested on 50 healthy volunteers who exhibited a mean chloride concentration of 15.7 mM (25–75th percentile 10.1–19.3 mM, range 2.8–37.4 mM); then, it was used to investigate two patients with suspected cystic fibrosis, who exhibited sweat chloride values of 65.6 mM and 81.2 mM, respectively. Moreover, the method was cross-validated by assaying 50 samples with chloride concentration values in the range 10–131 mM, by both ICP-MS and coulometric titration, which is the technology officially used in Tuscany for cystic fibrosis newborn screening. The reference analytical performances and the relatively low cost of ICP-MS, accompanied by the advantageous cost of a single sweat chloride assay, make this technology the best candidate to provide a top reference method for the quantification of chloride in sweat. The method that we propose was optimized and validated for sweat samples ≥ 75 mg, which is the minimum amount requested by the international protocols. However, the method sensitivity and, in addition, the possibility to reduce the sample dilution factor, make possible the quantification of chloride even in samples weighting < 75 mg that are discarded according to the current guidelines.

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Determination of Trace Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry: Collaborative Study

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/77.4.1004 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 1004-1023 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J E Longbottom ◽

T D Martin ◽

K W Edgell ◽

S E Long ◽

M R Plantz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Acid Digestion ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Nitric Acid Digestion ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract A joint U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)—AOAC interlaboratory method validation study was conducted on U.S. EPA method 200.8, Determination of Trace Elements in Waters and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry. The purpose of the study was to determine and compare the mean recovery and precision of the inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) analyses for 20 trace elements in reagent water, drinking water, and groundwater. The formal study was based on Youden’s nonreplicate plan for collaborative tests of analytical methods. The test waters were spiked with the 20 trace elements at 6 concentration levels in the 0.8–200 μg/L range, prepared as 3 Youden pairs. Thirteen collaborators spiked 100 mL aliquots of the test waters, acidified them with 1 mL concentrated HNO3 and 0.5 mL concentrated HCl, reduced the volume to 20 mL by heating in an open beaker at 85°C, refluxed them for 30 min at 95°C, and diluted them to 50 mL. After centrifuging or settling the samples, a 20 mL portion of the supernatant was diluted to 50 mL and analyzed by ICP–MS. Related experiments evaluated the method performance in wastewater and wastewater digestate at a single concentration pair, and an alternative nitric acid digestion procedure. Mean recoveries for reagent water, drinking water, and groundwater were generally 95–105% with between-laboratory relative standard deviations about 4–8%. The method also worked well with wastewaters and digestate, with between-laboratory relative standard deviations averaging 8% and recoveries averaging 100%. Recoveries of silver, however, were low in all matrixes at concentrations over 100 μg/L. The nitric acid digestion procedure was comparable in accuracy and precision to the mixed-acid digestion in U.S. EPA method 200.8. The method was adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

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