scholarly journals TRAF6 Silencing Attenuates Multiple Myeloma Cell Adhesion to Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Morgan ◽  
Roisin M. McAvera ◽  
Lisa J. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽  
Multiple Myeloma Cell ◽  
Nfκb Pathway ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays an important role in supporting proliferation, survival and drug resistance of Multiple Myeloma (MM) cells. MM cells adhere to bone marrow stromal cells leading to the activation of tumour-promoting signaling pathways. Activation of the NFκB pathway, in particular, is central to the pathogenesis of MM. Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a key mediator of NFκB activation and has previously been highlighted as a potential therapeutic target in MM. Here, we demonstrate that adherence of MM cell lines to stromal cells results in a reciprocal increase in TRAF6 expression. Knockdown of TRAF6 expression attenuates the ability of MM cells to bind to stromal cells and this is associated with a decrease in NFκB-induced expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1. Finally, we show that knockdown of TRAF6 sensitizes MM cells to treatment with bortezomib when co-cultured with stromal cells. Inhibiting TRAF6 represents a promising strategy to target MM cells in the BM microenvironment.

scholarly journals CS1 promotes multiple myeloma cell adhesion, clonogenic growth, and tumorigenicity via c-maf–mediated interactions with bone marrow stromal cells

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (18) ◽  
pp. 4309-4318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Tzu Tai ◽  
Ender Soydan ◽  
Weihua Song ◽  
Mariateresa Fulciniti ◽  
Kihyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Multiple Myeloma Cell

Abstract CS1 is highly expressed on tumor cells from the majority of multiple myeloma (MM) patients regardless of cytogenetic abnormalities or response to current treatments. Furthermore, CS1 is detected in MM patient sera and correlates with active disease. However, its contribution to MM pathophysiology is undefined. We here show that CS1 knockdown using lentiviral short-interfering RNA decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3, suggesting that CS1 induces central growth and survival signaling pathways in MM cells. Serum deprivation markedly blocked survival at earlier time points in CS1 knockdown compared with control MM cells, associated with earlier activation of caspases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and proapoptotic proteins BNIP3 and BIK. CS1 knockdown further delayed development of MM tumor and prolonged survival in mice. Conversely, CS1 overexpression promoted myeloma cell growth and survival by significantly increasing myeloma adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and enhancing myeloma colony formation in semisolid culture. Moreover, CS1 increased c-maf–targeted cyclin D2-dependent proliferation, -integrin β7/αE-mediated myeloma adhesion to BMSCs, and -vascular endothelial growth factor-induced bone marrow angiogenesis in vivo. These studies provide direct evidence of the role of CS1 in myeloma pathogenesis, define molecular mechanisms regulating its effects, and further support novel therapies targeting CS1 in MM.

Bone marrow stromal cells promote growth and survival of prostate cancer cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Cross ◽  
M. Papageorgiou ◽  
C.L. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

Prostate cancers frequently metastasize to the skeleton, and it has been hypothesized that this environment selectively supports the growth of these tumours. Specifically there is strong evidence that interactions between tumour cells and BMSCs (bone marrow stromal cells) play a major role in supporting prostate cancer growth and survival in bone. Here, we examine factors shown to be secreted by BMSCs, such as IGFs (insulin-like growth factors) and IL-6 (interleukin 6), shown to promote prostate cancer cell proliferation and to potentially replace the requirement for androgens. In addition we discuss another factor produced by BMSCs, osteoprotegerin, which may promote tumour cell survival by suppressing the biological activity of the pro-apoptotic ligand TRAIL (tumour-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand).

Combined Disruption of Both the MEK/ERK and the IL-6R/STAT3 Pathways Is Required To Induce Apoptosis of Multiple Myeloma Cells in the Presence of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4839-4839
Author(s):  
Manik Chatterjee ◽  
Thorsten Stuehmer ◽  
Pia Herrmann ◽  
Kurt Bommert ◽  
Bernd Dorken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Stat3 Pathway ◽  
Survival Effect

Abstract The IL-6R/STAT3 pathway has been reported to critically contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) and to protect MM cells from apoptosis. However, recently we could demonstrate that MM cells become independent of the IL-6R/STAT3 pathway if they are cocultured with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), suggesting that the BM microenvironment stimulates IL-6-independent pathways that exert a pro-survival effect. It was therfore the aim of this study to analyze the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon. Pathway analysis revealed that BMSCs stimulate STAT3 via the IL-6R, and MAPK in parts via IL-6R-independent mechanisms. Abolition of MEK1, 2 activity with PD98059, or of ERK1,2 through siRNA constructs, was insufficient to induce apoptosis. However, the combined disruption of the IL-6R/STAT3 and MEK1,2/ERK1,2 pathways led to strong induction of apoptosis even in the presence of BMSCs. Thus, disruption of the MEK/ERK pathway restores IL-6/STAT3 dependence of MM cells in the presence of BMSCs indicating that BMSC-mediated induction of the MEK/MAPK pathway is the mechanism by which BMSCs render MM cells IL-6/STAT3 idependent. Consequently, in the presence of cells from the BM microenvironment the combined targeting of different (and independently activated) pathways is required to efficiently induce apoptosis of MM cells. This effect was observed with MM cell lines and with primary MM cells and might have direct implications for the development of future therapeutic strategies for MM.

Dexmethasone Down-Regulates Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Production in Bone Marrow Stromal Cells: Implications in Myeloma Cell Biology.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2510-2510
Author(s):  
Seong-Woo Kim ◽  
Jin-Hee Hwang ◽  
Hwan-Jung Yun ◽  
Samyong Kim ◽  
Deog-Yeon Jo
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Cxcr4 Expression ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Stromal Cell Derived Factor ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Abstract Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) plays a role in the homing of myeloma cells to bone marrow. In addition, SDF-1 modestly enhances the proliferation of myeloma cells and inhibits Dexmethasone (Dex)-induced apoptosis of the cells. Dex is currently used to treat multiple myeloma, based on its apoptic effects. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of Dex on SDF-1 production in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and on CXCR4 expression in myeloma cells. As previously reported, it was evident that primary myeloma cells (CD138+ cells obtained from patients with multiple myeloma) and Dex-resistant myeloma cell line RPMI8226 expressed CXCR4 and responded to SDF-1, resulting in chemotaxis. SDF-1 modestly stimulated the proliferation of primary myeloma cells and RPMI8226 cells and protected the cells from Dex-induced apoptosis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells transduced with the SDF-1 gene using adenoviral vectors better supported the formation of cobblestone areas of primary myeloma cells and RPMI8226 cells in co-culture, similar to hematopoietic progenitor cells; this was blocked by pretreating the myeloma cells with pertussis toxin, indicating that SDF-1 plays a critical role not only in migration of the cells underneath the SDF-1-producing stromal cells but also in proliferation of the cells in contact. Dex up-regulated CXCR4 expression in RPMI8226 cells; however, its regulatory effects on CXCR4 in primary myeloma cells differed among patients. RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses revealed that Dex down-regulated SDF-1 mRNA expression in both primary BMSCs and murine stromal MS-5 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis and ELISA assay confirmed that Dex inhibited SDF-1 production in BMSCs. Furthermore, Dex inhibited cobblestone area formation of RPMI8226 cells in co-culture with MS-5. Interestingly, Dex up-regulated CXCR4 mRNA expression and cytoplasmic CXCR4 in BMSCs. These results indicate that Dexamethasone induces the down-regulation of SDF-1 production in BMSCs, which might mediate, at least in part, its anti-myeloma effects in vivo.

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