scholarly journals Integration of mRNA and miRNA Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Salt and Alkali Stress Tolerance in Tobacco

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayang Xu ◽  
Qiansi Chen ◽  
Pingping Liu ◽  
Wei Jia ◽  
Zheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Alkali Stress ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Alkali Tolerance

Salinity is one of the most severe forms of abiotic stress and affects crop yields worldwide. Plants respond to salinity stress via a sophisticated mechanism at the physiological, transcriptional and metabolic levels. However, the molecular regulatory networks involved in salt and alkali tolerance have not yet been elucidated. We developed an RNA-seq technique to perform mRNA and small RNA (sRNA) sequencing of plants under salt (NaCl) and alkali (NaHCO3) stress in tobacco. Overall, 8064 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 33 differentially expressed microRNAs (DE miRNAs) were identified in response to salt and alkali stress. A total of 1578 overlapping DEGs, which exhibit the same expression patterns and are involved in ion channel, aquaporin (AQP) and antioxidant activities, were identified. Furthermore, genes involved in several biological processes, such as “photosynthesis” and “starch and sucrose metabolism,” were specifically enriched under NaHCO3 treatment. We also identified 15 and 22 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in response to NaCl and NaHCO3, respectively. Analysis of inverse correlations between miRNAs and target mRNAs revealed 26 mRNA-miRNA interactions under NaCl treatment and 139 mRNA-miRNA interactions under NaHCO3 treatment. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of tobacco to salinity stress.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of a Fan-shaped Inflorescence in Pineapple Using RNA-seq

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Xie ◽  
Zhiquan Cai ◽  
Aiping Luan ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Stem Apex ◽  
Inflorescence Axis ◽  
Flower Stem

Abstract Background: Pineapple plant usually has a capitulum. However, a fan-shaped inflorescence was evolved in an exceptional material, having multiple crown buds. In order to reveal the molecular mechanisms of the formation of the fan-shaped inflorescence, fruit traits and the transcriptional differences between a fan-shaped inflorescence (FI) and a capitulum inflorescence (CI) pineapples were analyzed in the three tissues, i.e., the flower stem apex (FIs and CIs), the base of the inflorescence (FIb and CIb), and the inflorescence axis (FIa and CIa).Results: Except for a clear differentiation of inflorescence morphology, no significant differences in the structure of inflorescence organs and the main nutritional components (soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acid, and VC) in fruits were found between the two pineapples. Between the fan- and capitulum-shaped inflorescences, a total of 5370 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across the three tissues; and 3142, 2526 and 2255 DEGs were found in the flower stem apex, the base of the inflorescence, and the inflorescence axis, respectively. Of these genes, there were 489 overlapping DEGs in all three tissue comparisons. In addition, 5769 DEGs were identified between different tissues within each pineapple. Functional analysis indicated between the two pineapples that 444 transcription factors (TFs) and 206 inflorescence development related genes (IDGs) were differentially expressed in at least one tissue comparison, while 45 TFs and 21 IDGs were overlapped across the 3 tissues. Among the 489 overlapping DEGs in the 3 tissue comparisons between the two pineapples, excluding the IDGs and TFs, 80 of them revealed a higher percentage of involvement in the biological processes relating to response to auxin, and reproductive processes. RNA-seq value and real-time quantitative PCR analysis exhibited the same gene expression patterns in the three tissues. Conclusions: Our result provided novel cues for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the formation of fan-shaped inflorescence in pineapple, making a valuable resource for the study of plant breeding and the speciation of the pineapples.

scholarly journals Identification of Candidate Genes Involved in Fruit Ripening and Crispness Retention Through Transcriptome Analyses of a ‘Honeycrisp’ Population

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1335
Author(s):  
Hsueh-Yuan Chang ◽  
Cindy B. S. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Phenotypic Groups

Crispness retention is a postharvest trait that fruit of the ’Honeycrisp’ apple and some of its progeny possess. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of crispness retention, progeny individuals derived from a ’Honeycrisp’ × MN1764 population with fruit that either retain crispness (named “Retain”), lose crispness (named “Lose”), or that are not crisp at harvest (named “Non-crisp”) were selected for transcriptomic comparisons. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using RNA-Seq, and the expression levels of the DEGs were validated using nCounter®. Functional annotation of the DEGs revealed distinct ripening behaviors between fruit of the “Retain” and “Non-crisp” individuals, characterized by opposing expression patterns of auxin- and ethylene-related genes. However, both types of genes were highly expressed in the fruit of “Lose” individuals and ’Honeycrisp’, which led to the potential involvements of genes encoding auxin-conjugating enzyme (GH3), ubiquitin ligase (ETO), and jasmonate O-methyltransferase (JMT) in regulating fruit ripening. Cell wall-related genes also differentiated the phenotypic groups; greater numbers of cell wall synthesis genes were highly expressed in fruit of the “Retain” individuals and ’Honeycrisp’ when compared with “Non-crisp” individuals and MN1764. On the other hand, the phenotypic differences between fruit of the “Retain” and “Lose” individuals could be attributed to the functioning of fewer cell wall-modifying genes. A cell wall-modifying gene, MdXTH, was consistently identified as differentially expressed in those fruit over two years in this study, so is a major candidate for crispness retention.

scholarly journals RNA-sequencing Analysis Identifies Genes Associated with Chilling-mediated Endodormancy Release in Apple

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Takeuchi ◽  
Miwako Cecile Matsushita ◽  
Soichiro Nishiyama ◽  
Hisayo Yamane ◽  
Kiyoshi Banno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes

Endodormancy release and the fulfillment of the chilling requirement (CR) are critical physiological processes that enable uniform blooming in fruit tree species, including apple (Malus ×domestica). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these traits have not been fully characterized. The objective of this study was to identify potential master regulators of endodormancy release and the CR in apple. We conducted RNA-Sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses and narrowed down the number of candidates among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on the following two strict screening criteria: 1) the gene must be differentially expressed between endodormant and ecodormant buds under different environmental conditions and 2) the gene must exhibit chill unit (CU)–correlated expression. The results of our cluster analysis suggested that global expression patterns varied between field-grown buds and continuously chilled buds, even though they were exposed to similar amounts of chilling and were expected to have a similar dormancy status. Consequently, our strict selection strategy resulted in narrowing down the number of possible candidates and identified the DEGs strongly associated with the transition between dormancy stages. The genes included four transcription factor genes, PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)-LIKE, APETALLA2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE 113 (ERF113), and MYC2. Their expressions were upregulated during endodormancy release, and were correlated with the CU, suggesting that these transcription factors are closely associated with chilling-mediated endodormancy release in apple.

scholarly journals Global Gene Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Sugarcane Cultivars to Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae Identified Using Comparative Transcriptome Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Chu ◽  
Jing-Ru Zhou ◽  
Hua-Ying Fu ◽  
Mei-Ting Huang ◽  
Hui-Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Red stripe disease in sugarcane caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Aaa) is related to serious global losses in yield. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with responses of sugarcane plants to infection by this pathogen remain largely unknown. Here, we used Illumina RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to perform large-scale transcriptome sequencing of two sugarcane cultivars to contrast gene expression patterns of plants between Aaa and mock inoculations, and identify key genes and pathways involved in sugarcane defense responses to Aaa infection. At 0–72 hours post-inoculation (hpi) of the red stripe disease-resistant cultivar ROC22, a total of 18,689 genes were differentially expressed between Aaa-inoculated and mock-inoculated samples. Of these, 8498 and 10,196 genes were up- and downregulated, respectively. In MT11-610, which is susceptible to red stripe disease, 15,782 genes were differentially expressed between Aaa-inoculated and mock-inoculated samples and 8807 and 6984 genes were up- and downregulated, respectively. The genes that were differentially expressed following Aaa inoculation were mainly involved in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant–pathogen interaction pathways. Further, qRT-PCR and RNA-seq used for additional validation of 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that eight genes in particular were highly expressed in ROC22. These eight genes participated in the biosynthesis of lignin and coumarin, as well as signal transduction by salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), suggesting that they play essential roles in sugarcane resistance to Aaa. Collectively, our results characterized the sugarcane transcriptome during early infection with Aaa, thereby providing insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for bacterial tolerance.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulatory Networks during the Maize Ear Shank Elongation Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7029
Author(s):  
Cai-Yun Xiong ◽  
Qing-You Gong ◽  
Hu Pei ◽  
Chang-Jian Liao ◽  
Rui-Chun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Short Branch ◽  
Transcriptional Dynamics ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Elongation Process ◽  
Temporal Expression Pattern ◽  
Maize Ear

In maize, the ear shank is a short branch that connects the ear to the stalk. The length of the ear shank mainly affects the transportation of photosynthetic products to the ear, and also influences the dehydration of the grain by adjusting the tightness of the husks. However, the molecular mechanisms of maize shank elongation have rarely been described. It has been reported that the maize ear shank length is a quantitative trait, but its genetic basis is still unclear. In this study, RNA-seq was performed to explore the transcriptional dynamics and determine the key genes involved in maize shank elongation at four different developmental stages. A total of 8145 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 729 transcription factors (TFs). Some important genes which participate in shank elongation were detected via function annotation and temporal expression pattern analyses, including genes related to signal transduction hormones (auxin, brassinosteroids, gibberellin, etc.), xyloglucan and xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase, and transcription factor families. The results provide insights into the genetic architecture of maize ear shanks and developing new varieties with ideal ear shank lengths, enabling adjustments for mechanized harvesting in the future.

scholarly journals Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Porcine Ovaries at Proestrus and Estrus Stages Using RNA-Seq Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songbai Yang ◽  
Xiaolong Zhou ◽  
Yue Pei ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Ke He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Go Enrichment ◽  
Single Organism

Estrus is an important factor for the fecundity of sows, and it is involved in ovulation and hormone secretion in ovaries. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of porcine estrus, the expression patterns of ovarian mRNA at proestrus and estrus stages were analyzed using RNA sequencing technology. A total of 2,167 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (P≤0.05, log2  Ratio≥1), of which 784 were upregulated and 1,383 were downregulated in the estrus compared with the proestrus group. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in the cellular process, single-organism process, cell and cell part, and binding and metabolic process. In addition, a pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in 33 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including cell adhesion molecules, ECM-receptor interaction, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed the differential expression of 10 selected DEGs. Many of the novel candidate genes identified in this study will be valuable for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the sow estrous cycle.

scholarly journals De novo gonad transcriptome analysis of the common littoral shrimp Palaemon serratus: novel insights into sex-related genes

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés González-Castellano ◽  
Chiara Manfrin ◽  
Alberto Pallavicini ◽  
Andrés Martínez-Lage
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Common

Abstract Background The common littoral shrimp Palaemon serratus is an economically important decapod resource in some European communities. Aquaculture practices prevent the genetic deterioration of wild stocks caused by overfishing and at the same time enhance the production. The biotechnological manipulation of sex-related genes has the proved potential to improve the aquaculture production but the scarcity of genomic data about P. serratus hinders these applications. RNA-Seq analysis has been performed on ovary and testis samples to generate a reference gonadal transcriptome. Differential expression analyses were conducted between three ovary and three testis samples sequenced by Illumina HiSeq 4000 PE100 to reveal sex-related genes with sex-biased or sex-specific expression patterns. Results A total of 224.5 and 281.1 million paired-end reads were produced from ovary and testis samples, respectively. De novo assembly of ovary and testis trimmed reads yielded a transcriptome with 39,186 transcripts. The 29.57% of the transcriptome retrieved at least one annotation and 11,087 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between ovary and testis replicates. Six thousand two hundred seven genes were up-regulated in ovaries meanwhile 4880 genes were up-regulated in testes. Candidate genes to be involved in sexual development and gonadal development processes were retrieved from the transcriptome. These sex-related genes were discussed taking into account whether they were up-regulated in ovary, up-regulated in testis or not differentially expressed between gonads and in the framework of previous findings in other crustacean species. Conclusions This is the first transcriptome analysis of P. serratus gonads using RNA-Seq technology. Interesting findings about sex-related genes from an evolutionary perspective (such as Dmrt1) and for putative future aquaculture applications (Iag or vitellogenesis genes) are reported here. We provide a valuable dataset that will facilitate further research into the reproductive biology of this shrimp.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel lncRNAs Differentially Expressed in Placentas of Chinese Ningqiang Pony and Yili Horse Breeds

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Yabin Pu ◽  
Yanli Zhang ◽  
Tian Zhang ◽  
Jianlin Han ◽  
Yuehui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Myoblast Differentiation ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Skeletal Myoblast ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

As a nutrient sensor, the placenta plays a key role in regulating fetus growth and development. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to regulate growth-related traits. However, the biological function of lncRNAs in horse placentas remains unclear. To compare the expression patterns of lncRNAs in the placentas of the Chinese Ningqiang (NQ) and Yili (YL) breeds, we performed a transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. NQ is a pony breed with an average adult height at the withers of less than 106 cm, whereas that of YL is around 148 cm. Based on 813 million high-quality reads and stringent quality control procedures, 3011 transcripts coding for 1464 placental lncRNAs were identified and mapped to the horse reference genome. We found 107 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) between NQ and YL, including 68 up-regulated and 39 down-regulated DELs in YL. Six (TBX3, CACNA1F, EDN3, KAT5, ZNF281, TMED2, and TGFB1) out of the 233 genes targeted by DELs were identified as being involved in limb development, skeletal myoblast differentiation, and embryo development. Two DELs were predicted to target the TBX3 gene, which was found to be under strong selection and associated with small body size in the Chinese Debao pony breed. This finding suggests the potential functional significance of placental lncRNAs in regulating horse body size.

scholarly journals Unique expression patterns of multiple key genes associated with the evolution of mammalian flight

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1783) ◽  
pp. 20133133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Mengyao Dai ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Kimberly L. Cooper ◽  
Tengteng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Membrane Growth ◽  
Complex Integration ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Bat Wing

Bats are the only mammals capable of true flight. Critical adaptations for flight include a pair of dramatically elongated hands with broad wing membranes. To study the molecular mechanisms of bat wing evolution, we perform genomewide mRNA sequencing and in situ hybridization for embryonic bat limbs. We identify seven key genes that display unique expression patterns in embryonic bat wings and feet, compared with mouse fore- and hindlimbs. The expression of all 5′HoxD genes ( Hoxd9–13 ) and Tbx3 , six known crucial transcription factors for limb and digit development, is extremely high and prolonged in the elongating wing area. The expression of Fam5c , a tumour suppressor, in bat limbs is bat-specific and significantly high in all short digit regions (the thumb and foot digits). These results suggest multiple genetic changes occurred independently during the evolution of bat wings to elongate the hand digits, promote membrane growth and keep other digits short. Our findings also indicate that the evolution of limb morphology depends on the complex integration of multiple gene regulatory networks and biological processes that control digit formation and identity, chondrogenesis, and interdigital regression or retention.

RNA-seq analysis of 2 closely related leukemia clones that differ in their self-renewal capacity

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. e27-e38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Wilhelm ◽  
Mathieu Briau ◽  
Pamela Austin ◽  
Amélie Faubert ◽  
Geneviève Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Leukemia Stem Cell ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Transcriptome Variation ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Abstract The molecular mechanisms regulating self-renewal of leukemia stem cells remain poorly understood. Here we report the generation of 2 closely related leukemias created through the retroviral overexpression of Meis1 and Hoxa9. Despite their apparent common origin, these clonal leukemias exhibit enormous differences in stem cell frequency (from 1 in 1.4, FLA2; to 1 in 347, FLB1), suggesting that one of these leukemias undergoes nearly unlimited self-renewal divisions. Using next-generation RNA-sequencing, we characterized the transcriptomes of these phenotypically similar, but biologically distinct, leukemias, identifying hundreds of differentially expressed genes and a large number of structural differences (eg, alternative splicing and promoter usage). Focusing on ligand-receptor pairs, we observed high expression levels of Sdf1-Cxcr4; Jagged2-Notch2/1; Osm-Gp130; Scf-cKit; and Bmp15-Tgfb1/2. Interestingly, the integrin beta 2-like gene (Itgb2l) is both highly expressed and differentially expressed between our 2 leukemias (∼ 14-fold higher in FLA2 than FLB1). In addition, gene ontology analysis indicated G-protein-coupled receptor had a much higher proportion of differential expression (22%) compared with other classes (∼ 5%), suggesting a potential role regulating subtle changes in cellular behavior. These results provide the first comprehensive transcriptome analysis of a leukemia stem cell and document an unexpected level of transcriptome variation between phenotypically similar leukemic cells.

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