scholarly journals Synthesis of New AIEE-Active Chalcones for Imaging of Mitochondria in Living Cells and Zebrafish In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8949
Author(s):  
Huiqing Luo ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Liyan Liu ◽  
Huaqiao Wang ◽  
Feng He
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Emission Enhancement ◽  
Animal Imaging ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Living Cell Imaging

Fluorophores with aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties have attracted increasing interest in recent years. On the basis of our previous research, we successfully designed and synthesized eleven chalcones. Through an optical performance experiment, we confirmed that compounds 1–6 had obvious AIEE properties. As these AIEE molecules had excellent fluorescence properties and a large Stokes shift, we studied their application in living cell imaging, and the results showed that these compounds had low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility at the experimental concentrations. More importantly, they could specifically label mitochondria. Subsequently, we selected zebrafish as experimental animals to explore the possibilities of these compounds in animal imaging. The fluorescence imaging of zebrafish showed that these AIEE molecules can enter the embryo and can be targeted to aggregate in the digestive tract, which provides a strong foundation for their practical application in the field of biological imaging. Compared with traditional fluorophores, these AIEE molecules have the advantages of possessing a small molecular weight and high flexibility. Therefore, they have excellent application prospects in the field of biological imaging. In addition, the findings of this study have very positive practical significance for the discovery of more AIEE molecules.

AIE fluorophore with enhanced cellular uptake for tracking esterase-activated release of taurine and ROS scavenging

2017 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Yinglong Wu ◽  
Fang Zeng ◽  
Shuailing Huang ◽  
Shuizhu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Large Stokes Shift ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Fluorophores with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics are attractive and versatile tools for both chemical sensing and biological imaging. Herein, we designed and synthesized a fluorescent light-up system CTPE-Tau with enhanced cellular uptake ability. The system possesses several advantages, such as a large Stokes shift, low cytotoxicity, and good photostability. Also, it has been successfully utilized to track esterase-activated release of taurine and to scavenge intracellular ROS, and shows great potential for trackable visualized therapy.

scholarly journals Rational Design for Multicolor Flavone-Based Fluorophores with Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement Characteristics and Applications in Mitochondria-Imaging

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2290
Author(s):  
Liyan Liu ◽  
Yaohui Lei ◽  
Jianhui Zhang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Fluorescence Quantum Yields ◽  
Emission Enhancement ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Further Development

Fluorophores with aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties have attracted more attention in recent years. In order to realise more valuable applications, the different kinds of AIEE molecules are in serious need of further development. Therefore, a novel flavone-based AIEE system derived from restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) was designed and synthesized in this work. The results revealed that six of the compounds showed typical AIEE characteristics, with fluorescence emissions from purple, blue, cyan to green, tunable by changing substituent groups. This flavone-based AIEE system has never been reported before. The AIEE characteristics were investigated by optical spectroscopy, fluorescence photographs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence quantum yields (ФF) and fluorescence lifetime in the CH3OH/H2O mixed solution. Moreover, benefiting from the simple structures and small molecular weight, they could permeate cells faster than current high-molecular-weight AIEE molecules. Furthermore, to examine possible biomedical applications, fluorescence imaging in living A549 lung cells and cell viabilities were examined, and the results displayed that these fluorophores showed good cellular uptake and low cytotoxicity within the experimental concentration range. In addition, these AIEE compounds possessed excellent specificity for mitochondrial targeting and mitochondrial morphological change tracking, besides, they displayed superior photostability, which indicated they are potential candidates for mitochondrial imaging.

scholarly journals Bicyclic 1,3a,6a-Triazapentalene Chromophores: Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Their Use as Fluorescent Sensors and Probes

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Yingchun Wang ◽  
Tomas Opsomer ◽  
Wim Dehaen
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Fluorescent Sensors ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Fluorescence Properties ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Aromatic Heterocyclic

The 1,3a,6a-triazapentalene (TAP) is an aromatic heterocyclic fluorescent dye with interesting features such as its small size, large Stokes shift, solvatochromism, and emission wavelengths that are spread across the visible spectrum. TAPs have been synthesized via different synthetic strategies involving click−cyclization−aromatization domino reactions, gold-catalyzed cyclization of propargyl triazoles or triazolization of acetophenones. As a result, TAPs with diverse substitution patterns were obtained, showing varying fluorescence properties. Based on these properties, several TAPs have been selected and studied as fluorescent imaging probes in living cells and as sensors. This mini review provides an overview of the research on the bicyclic TAPs and does not comment on the literature about benzo or otherwise fused systems. The synthetic methodologies for the preparation of TAPs, the substituent effects on the fluorescence properties, and the behavior of the TAP core as an element of biological imaging probes and sensors are discussed.

scholarly journals Using the Microwell-mesh to culture microtissues in vitro and as a carrier to implant microtissues in vivo into mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa E. Monterosso ◽  
Kathryn Futrega ◽  
William B. Lott ◽  
Ian Vela ◽  
Elizabeth D. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Nsg Mice ◽  
Animal Imaging ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Bioluminescence Signal ◽  
Serial Transplantation ◽  
Live Animal Imaging

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are commonly propagated by serial transplantation of “pieces” of tumour in mice, but the cellular composition of pieces is not standardised. Herein, we optimised a microwell platform, the Microwell-mesh, to aggregate precise numbers of cells into arrays of microtissues, and then implanted the Microwell-mesh into NOD-scid IL2γ−/− (NSG) mice to study microtissue growth. First, mesh pore size was optimised using microtissues assembled from bone marrow-derived stromal cells, with mesh opening dimensions of 100×100 μm achieving superior microtissue vascularisation relative to mesh with 36×36 μm mesh openings. The optimised Microwell-mesh was used to assemble and implant PCa cell microtissue arrays (hereafter microtissues formed from cancer cells are referred to as microtumours) into mice. PCa cells were enriched from three different PDX lines, LuCaP35, LuCaP141, and BM18. 3D microtumours showed greater in vitro viability than 2D cultures, but neither proliferated. Microtumours were successfully established in mice 81% (57 of 70), 67% (4 of 6), 76% (19 of 25) for LuCaP35, LuCaP141, and BM18 PCa cells, respectively. Microtumour growth was tracked using live animal imaging for size or bioluminescence signal. If augmented with further imaging advances and cell bar coding, this microtumour model could enable greater resolution of PCa PDX drug response, and lead to the more efficient use of animals. The concept of microtissue assembly in the Microwell-mesh, and implantation in vivo may also have utility in implantation of islets, hair follicles or other organ-specific cells that self-assemble into 3D structures, providing an important bridge between in vitro assembly of mini-organs and in vivo implantation.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Curcumin in Nanoformulations: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7130
Author(s):  
Jeffersson Krishan Trigo-Gutierrez ◽  
Yuliana Vega-Chacón ◽  
Amanda Brandão Soares ◽  
Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Curcumin (CUR) is a natural substance extracted from turmeric that has antimicrobial properties. Due to its ability to absorb light in the blue spectrum, CUR is also used as a photosensitizer (PS) in antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). However, CUR is hydrophobic, unstable in solutions, and has low bioavailability, which hinders its clinical use. To circumvent these drawbacks, drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been used. In this review, we summarize the DDSs used to carry CUR and their antimicrobial effect against viruses, bacteria, and fungi, including drug-resistant strains and emergent pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. The reviewed DDSs include colloidal (micelles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, cyclodextrins, chitosan, and other polymeric nanoparticles), metallic, and mesoporous particles, as well as graphene, quantum dots, and hybrid nanosystems such as films and hydrogels. Free (non-encapsulated) CUR and CUR loaded in DDSs have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial action when used alone or as a PS in aPDT. They also show low cytotoxicity, in vivo biocompatibility, and improved wound healing. Although there are several in vitro and some in vivo investigations describing the nanotechnological aspects and the potential antimicrobial application of CUR-loaded DDSs, clinical trials are not reported and further studies should translate this evidence to the clinical scenarios of infections.

scholarly journals Biological nanoscale fluorescent probes: From structure and performance to bioimaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-221
Author(s):  
Jiafeng Wan ◽  
Xiaoyuan Zhang ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Zhiqiang Su
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Fluorescent Materials ◽  
And Performance

Abstract In recent years, nanomaterials have attracted lots of attention from researchers due to their unique properties. Nanometer fluorescent materials, such as organic dyes, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), metal nano-clusters (MNCs), carbon dots (CDs), etc., are widely used in biological imaging due to their high sensitivity, short response time, and excellent accuracy. Nanometer fluorescent probes can not only perform in vitro imaging of organisms but also achieve in vivo imaging. This provides medical staff with great convenience in cancer treatment. Combined with contemporary medical methods, faster and more effective treatment of cancer is achievable. This article explains the response mechanism of three-nanometer fluorescent probes: the principle of induced electron transfer (PET), the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the principle of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), showing the semiconductor QDs, precious MNCs, and CDs. The excellent performance of the three kinds of nano fluorescent materials in biological imaging is highlighted, and the application of these three kinds of nano fluorescent probes in targeted biological imaging is also introduced. Nanometer fluorescent materials will show their significance in the field of biomedicine.

scholarly journals Global metabolomic and lipidomic analysis reveals the potential mechanisms of hemolysis effect of Ophiopogonin D and Ophiopogonin D' in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-Hua Xu ◽  
Zhen-Hong Jiang ◽  
Cong-Shu Huang ◽  
Yu-Ting Sun ◽  
Long-Long Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background OPD and OPD' are the two main active components of Ophiopogon japonicas in Shenmai injection (SMI). Being isomers of each other, they are supposed to have similar pharmacological activities, but the actual situation is complicated. The difference of hemolytic behavior between OPD and OPD' in vivo and in vitro was discovered and reported by our group for the first time. In vitro, only OPD' showed hemolysis reaction, while in vivo, both OPD and OPD' caused hemolysis. In vitro, the primary cause of hemolysis has been confirmed to be related to the difference between physical and chemical properties of OPD and OPD'. In vivo, although there is a possible explanation for this phenomenon, the one is that OPD is bio-transformed into OPD' or its analogues in vivo, the other one is that both OPD and OPD' were metabolized into more activated forms for hemolysis. However, the mechanism of hemolysis in vivo is still unclear, especially the existing literature are still difficult to explain why OPD shows the inconsistent hemolysis behavior in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, the study of hemolysis of OPD and OPD' in vivo is of great practical significance in response to the increase of adverse events of SMI. Methods Aiming at the hemolysis in vivo, this manuscript adopted untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics technology to preliminarily explore the changes of plasma metabolites and lipids of OPD- and OPD'-treated rats. Metabolomics and lipidomics analyses were performed on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system tandem with different mass spectrometers (MS) and different columns respectively. Multivariate statistical approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to screen the differential metabolites and lipids. Results Both OPD and OPD' groups experienced hemolysis, Changes in endogenous differential metabolites and differential lipids, enrichment of differential metabolic pathways, and correlation analysis of differential metabolites and lipids all indicated that the causes of hemolysis by OPD and OPD' were closely related to the interference of phospholipid metabolism. Conclusions This study provided a comprehensive description of metabolomics and lipidomics changes between OPD- and OPD'-treated rats, it would add to the knowledge base of the field, which also provided scientific guidance for the subsequent mechanism research. However, the underlying mechanism require further research.

scholarly journals Hypochlorite-Activated Fluorescence Emission and Antibacterial Activities of Imidazole Derivatives for Biological Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Chung Pham ◽  
Van-Nghia Nguyen ◽  
Yeonghwan Choi ◽  
Dongwon Kim ◽  
Ok-Sang Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Fluorogenic Probe ◽  
High Fluorescence

The ability to detect hypochlorite (HOCl/ClO−) in vivo is of great importance to identify and visualize infection. Here, we report the use of imidazoline-2-thione (R1SR2) probes, which act to both sense ClO− and kill bacteria. The N2C=S moieties can recognize ClO− among various typical reactive oxygen species (ROS) and turn into imidazolium moieties (R1IR2) via desulfurization. This was observed through UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, with a high fluorescence emission quantum yield (ՓF = 43–99%) and large Stokes shift (∆v∼115 nm). Furthermore, the DIM probe, which was prepared by treating the DSM probe with ClO−, also displayed antibacterial efficacy toward not only Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) but also methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum ß-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC), that is, antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These results suggest that the DSM probe has great potential to carry out the dual roles of a fluorogenic probe and killer of bacteria.

scholarly journals Functionalized Nanoparticles Activated by Photodynamic Therapy as an Antimicrobial Strategy in Endodontics: A Scoping Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Pablo Betancourt ◽  
Nadia Brocal ◽  
Eulàlia Sans-Serramitjana ◽  
Carlos Zaror
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

The eradication of endodontic pathogens continues to be the focus of the search for new root canal system (RCS) disinfection strategies. This scoping review provides a comprehensive synthesis of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternative to optimize RCS disinfection. A systematic search up to March 2021 was carried out using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Lilacs, Central Cochrane Library, and BBO databases. We included studies focused on evaluating the activation of NPs by aPDT in inoculated root canals of human or animal teeth or bacterial cultures in the laboratory. The selection process and data extraction were carried out by two researchers independently. A qualitative synthesis of the results was performed. A total of seventeen studies were included, of which twelve showed a substantial antibacterial efficacy, two assessed the substantivity of the disinfection effect, and three showed low cytotoxicity. No adverse effects were reported. The use of functionalized NPs with photosensitizer molecules in aPDT has been shown to be effective in reducing the bacteria count, making it a promising alternative in endodontic disinfection. Further studies are needed to assess the development of this therapy in in vivo conditions, with detailed information about the laser parameters used to allow the development of safe and standardized protocols.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document