scholarly journals Flexible Neural Probes with Electrochemical Modified Microelectrodes for Artifact-Free Optogenetic Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11528
Author(s):  
Bangbang Guo ◽  
Ye Fan ◽  
Minghao Wang ◽  
Yuhua Cheng ◽  
Bowen Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Neural Interfaces ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Bonding Layer ◽  
Neural Probes ◽  
High Demand ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Pt Black

With the rapid increase in the use of optogenetics to investigate nervous systems, there is high demand for neural interfaces that can simultaneously perform optical stimulation and electrophysiological recording. However, high-magnitude stimulation artifacts have prevented experiments from being conducted at a desirably high temporal resolution. Here, a flexible polyimide-based neural probe with polyethylene glycol (PEG) packaged optical fiber and Pt-Black/PEDOT-GO (graphene oxide doped poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)) modified microelectrodes was developed to reduce the stimulation artifacts that are induced by photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photovoltaic (PV) effects. The advantages of this design include quick and accurate implantation and high-resolution recording capacities. Firstly, electrochemical performance of the modified microelectrodes is significantly improved due to the large specific surface area of the GO layer. Secondly, good mechanical and electrochemical stability of the modified microelectrodes is obtained by using Pt-Black as bonding layer. Lastly, bench noise recordings revealed that PEC noise amplitude of the modified neural probes could be reduced to less than 50 µV and no PV noise was detected when compared to silicon-based neural probes. The results indicate that this device is a promising optogenetic tool for studying local neural circuits.

scholarly journals Integration of silicon-based neural probes and micro-drive arrays for chronic recording of large populations of neurons in behaving animals

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 046018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Michon ◽  
Arno Aarts ◽  
Tobias Holzhammer ◽  
Patrick Ruther ◽  
Gustaaf Borghs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Probes ◽  
Chronic Recording ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Silicon Based

scholarly journals Silicon-Based Microfabrication of Free-Floating Neural Probes and Insertion Tool for Chronic Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schander ◽  
Heiko Stemmann ◽  
Andreas Kreiter ◽  
Walter Lang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Probes ◽  
Insertion Tool ◽  
Silicon Based

scholarly journals Modular Integration of Hydrogel Neural Interfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Tabet ◽  
Marc-Joseph Antonini ◽  
Atharva Sahasrabudhe ◽  
Jimin Park ◽  
Dekel Rosenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neural Interfaces ◽  
Neural Probes ◽  
Block Polymer ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Functional Fiber ◽  
Poly Ethylene

<p>Thermal drawing has been recently leveraged to yield multi-functional, fiber-based neural probes at near kilometer length scales. Despite its promise, the widespread adoption of this approach has been impeded by (1) material compatibility requirements and (2) labor-intensive interfacing of functional features to external hardware. Furthermore, in multifunctional fibers, significant volume is occupied by passive polymer cladding that so far has only served structural or electrical insulation purposes. In this letter, we report a rapid, robust, and modular approach to creating multi-functional fiber-based neural interfaces using a solvent evaporation or entrapment driven (SEED) integration process. This process brings together electrical, optical, and microfluidic modalities all encased within a co-polymer comprised of water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) tethered to water-insoluble poly(urethane) (PU-PEG). We employ these devices for simultaneous optogenetics and electrophysiology, and demonstrate that multi-functional neural probes can be used to deliver cellular cargo with high viability. Upon exposure to water, PU-PEG cladding spontaneously forms a hydrogel, which in addition to enabling integration of modalities, can harbor small molecules and nanomaterials that can be released into local tissue following implantation. We also synthesized a custom nanodroplet forming block polymer and demonstrated that embedding such materials within the hydrogel cladding of our probes enables delivery of hydrophobic small molecules in vitro and in vivo. Our approach widens the chemical toolbox and expands the capabilities of multi-functional neural interfaces.</p>

Mechanics Strategies for Implantation of Flexible Neural Probes

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Zhang ◽  
Chengjun Wang ◽  
Changhong Linghu ◽  
Suhao Wang ◽  
Jizhou Song
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Neural Probes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Low Stiffness

Abstract Flexible polymer-based neural probes are promising tools to interfaces with brain tissue since the low stiffness and thin geometry of these probes make them compliant to soft tissue in a manner that allows for reducing the inflammation responses. However, the same properties make flexible probes susceptible to bending and buckling during insertion, which make the implantation impossible. This paper provides a brief review of recent advances in mechanics strategies to assist the insertion of flexible probes. The basic concept of each strategy is summarized with advantages and disadvantages briefly discussed. These results provide a guide for reliable implantations of flexible neural probes for chronic brain electrophysiological recording and clinical treatment of neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Modular Integration of Hydrogel Neural Interfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Tabet ◽  
Marc-Joseph Antonini ◽  
Atharva Sahasrabudhe ◽  
Jimin Park ◽  
Dekel Rosenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neural Interfaces ◽  
Neural Probes ◽  
Block Polymer ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Functional Fiber ◽  
Poly Ethylene

<p>Thermal drawing has been recently leveraged to yield multi-functional, fiber-based neural probes at near kilometer length scales. Despite its promise, the widespread adoption of this approach has been impeded by (1) material compatibility requirements and (2) labor-intensive interfacing of functional features to external hardware. Furthermore, in multifunctional fibers, significant volume is occupied by passive polymer cladding that so far has only served structural or electrical insulation purposes. In this letter, we report a rapid, robust, and modular approach to creating multi-functional fiber-based neural interfaces using a solvent evaporation or entrapment driven (SEED) integration process. This process brings together electrical, optical, and microfluidic modalities all encased within a co-polymer comprised of water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) tethered to water-insoluble poly(urethane) (PU-PEG). We employ these devices for simultaneous optogenetics and electrophysiology, and demonstrate that multi-functional neural probes can be used to deliver cellular cargo with high viability. Upon exposure to water, PU-PEG cladding spontaneously forms a hydrogel, which in addition to enabling integration of modalities, can harbor small molecules and nanomaterials that can be released into local tissue following implantation. We also synthesized a custom nanodroplet forming block polymer and demonstrated that embedding such materials within the hydrogel cladding of our probes enables delivery of hydrophobic small molecules in vitro and in vivo. Our approach widens the chemical toolbox and expands the capabilities of multi-functional neural interfaces.</p>

scholarly journals Computational specialization within the cortical eye movement system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R Marshall ◽  
Maria Ruesseler ◽  
Laurence T Hunt ◽  
Jill X O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Model System ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Primate Brain ◽  
Integrative Process ◽  
Movement System

Animals actively sample their environment through actions such as whisking, sniffing, and saccadic eye movements. Computationally, sensorimotor control may be viewed as an interplay between two processes that place different demands on their neural circuits: a rapid/competitive process for promptly selecting each upcoming action, and a slow/integrative process weighing the outcomes of multiple prior actions to build a model of the environment. Using saccadic eye movements as a model system, we addressed the hypothesis that frontal and parietal cortex are computationally specialized for these two functions. Through biophysical modelling, we predicted neural signatures of the competitive and integrative processes. We localized these signals to the frontal eye fields and intra-parietal cortex, respectively, using whole-brain, high-temporal-resolution neuroimaging (MEG). This frontal/parietal specialization can be linked to the differential characteristics of cortical circuits, and thus may represent a more general organizing principle of sensorimotor function in the primate brain.

Silicon-based wire electrode array for neural interfaces

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 095015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihua Pei ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Shanshan Zhao ◽  
Xiaolei Fang ◽  
Sanyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Array ◽  
Neural Interfaces ◽  
Wire Electrode ◽  
Silicon Based

scholarly journals Development of a genetically-encoded oxytocin sensor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neymi Mignocchi ◽  
Sarah Krüssel ◽  
Kanghoon Jung ◽  
Dongmin Lee ◽  
Hyung-Bae Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Expression System ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Quantitative Manner

AbstractOxytocin (OXT) is a neuropeptide originating in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, with a role in influencing various social behaviors. However, pinpointing its actions only during the time animals are performing specific behaviors has been difficult to study. Here we developed an optogenetic gene expression system designed to selectively label neuronal populations activated by OXT in the presence of blue-light, named “OXTR-iTango2”. The OXTR-iTango2 was capable of inducing gene expression of a reporter gene in both human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and neurons in a quantitative manner. In vivo expression of OXTR-iTango2 selectively labeled OXT-sensitive neurons in a blue-light dependent manner. Furthermore, we were able to detect a subset of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that receive OXT activation during social interaction. Thus, we provide a genetically-encoded, scalable optogenetic toolset to target neural circuits activated by OXT in behaving animals with a high temporal resolution.

scholarly journals In vivo Recording Quality of Mechanically Decoupled Floating Versus Skull-Fixed Silicon-Based Neural Probes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Chauvière ◽  
Frederick Pothof ◽  
Kai S. Gansel ◽  
Johanna Klon-Lipok ◽  
Arno A. A. Aarts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Probes ◽  
Silicon Based
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