scholarly journals Effect of Humid Air Exposed to IR Radiation on Enzyme Activity

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Olga I. Yablonskaya ◽  
Vladimir L. Voeikov ◽  
Kirill N. Novikov ◽  
Ekaterina V. Buravleva ◽  
Valeriy A. Menshov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Partial Unfolding

Water vapor absorbs well in the infra-red region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Absorption of radiant energy by water or water droplets leads to formation of exclusion zone water that possesses peculiar physico-chemical properties. In the course of this study, normally functioning and damaged alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase and catalase were treated with humid air irradiated with infrared light with a wavelength in the range of 1270 nm and referred to as coherent humidity (CoHu). One-minute long treatment with CoHu helped to partially protect enzymes from heat inactivation, mixed function oxidation, and loss of activity due to partial unfolding. Authors suggest that a possible mechanism underlying the observed effects involves altering the physicochemical properties of aqueous media while treatment of the objects with CoHu where CoHu acts as an intermediary.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Effects of Humid Air Treated with Infrared Radiation on Aqueous Solutions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1370
Author(s):  
Olga Yablonskaya ◽  
Vladimir Voeikov ◽  
Ekaterina Buravleva ◽  
Aleksei Trofimov ◽  
Kirill Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Water Properties ◽  
Hydrophilic Surfaces ◽  
First Time ◽  
Physical Signal

Water vapor absorbs well in the infrared (IR) region of the spectra. On the other hand, it was recently demonstrated that IR radiation promotes formation of the so-called exclusion zones (EZ) at the interfaces between hydrophilic surfaces and water. EZ-water properties differ significantly from that of bulk water. It was studied for the first time whether treatment of water with humid air irradiated with IR-C band could change its physical-chemical properties, making it EZ-water-like. Humid air irradiated with IR was called coherent humidity (CoHu). Redox potential and surface tension decreased in deionized water and mineral water samples that were treated with CoHu, while dielectric constant increased in such water samples. After such treatment of carbonate or phosphate buffers, their buffer capacity against acidification and leaching significantly increased. No such changes were observed in water samples treated with non-irradiated humid air. Thus, after treatment of tested aqueous systems with humid air exposed to IR radiation, their properties change, making them more like EZ-water. The results suggest that IR irradiation of humid air converts it into a carrier of a certain physical signal that affects water properties.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ELECTRICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN METAL ELECTRODES ON CONTIGUOUS SOLUTE-FREE ZONES

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binghua Chai ◽  
Amrita G. Mahtani ◽  
Gerald H. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Electrical Connection ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Earlier, we reported solute-free “exclusion zones” in aqueous media next to various metal surfaces. Here we explore the effect of connecting zinc, which ordinarily shows a large exclusion zone, to platinum, which ordinarily does not. We found the connecting the two metals diminished the exclusion zone next to zinc, while it increased the exclusion zone next to platinum. Disconnecting resulted in return to control values. These effects were largest when the metals were juxtaposed relatively closely, and became smaller with increasing separation. The underlying mechanisms are considered.

An overview of Natural Superdisintegrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Shushank Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Set Up

The oral route is the most convenient route of administration for various drugs. It is viewed as the most convenient, most secure, and economical route for patients. Fast disintegrating tablets are popular these days as they disintegrate in the mouth within a few seconds without the use of water. The burdens of regularly used medications in pediatric and geriatric patients have been overwhelmed by quick-dissolving tablets. Natural superdisintegrants have been used for fast-dissolving tablets because they are biodegradable, chemically inert, non-harmful, more affordable, and generally accessible. Natural polymer improves the properties of the tablet as it is commonly used as diluents and binders. Natural super disintegrants decrease the release time and give healthful results to the patients. Most polymers are obtained from nature, they are cost-effective, non-toxic, and non-irritants. Disintegration is the most important step for releasing the drug from the tablet matrix to decrease the disintegration time. In this, drug and polymers come in contact with water, it swells, hydrate, and react chemically to release the drug in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Superdisintegrants are those substances that encourage the quick breaking down with a lesser amount contrasted with disintegrants. The quick disintegrants tablets are set up by utilizing suitable polymers which rely on the Physico-chemical properties of drugs and excipients, for example, drug and polymer compatibility, hardness and thickness of tablet, nature of drug and excipients, PH of drug and release parameters of drug formulation. Superdisintegrants are the vehicles added to tablet formulation to advance the breaking of tablets and capsules into small microparticles in aqueous media resulting in to increase in the surface area and promote quick drug release. The disintegrants have a significant capacity to oppose the efficacy of tablet binders and compression forces to form the tablet. Commonly there are three methods to incorporate disintegrants into the tablet: A. Inner addition, B. External expansion, C. Internal, and external addition. Most of the regularly based tablets are those expected to be swallow, disintegrate and release medicaments in the gastrointestinal tract but over a while tablets are manufactured to deliver medicaments in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract within few seconds of swallowing. It has been demonstrated that characteristic polymers are more effective than synthetic polymers. Some research is going to develop safe and effective medication with super disintegrating agents that can be dissolved rapidly to treat the disease.

Problems of Radioactive Waste Management at Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borys Ya. Oskolkov ◽  
Yuri A. Neretin ◽  
Valeryi P. Saliy ◽  
Valeryi A. Seyda ◽  
Vyascheslav V. Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Management Problems

According to the assessments the overall amount of radioactive waste (RAW) to be reprocessed and buried at the Chornobyl NPP site amounts to 1,696,738 m3 (without regard for reactor metal structures, dismantling of building structures and plan constructions, and the Unit Shelter building). The overall activity of radioactive waste are evaluated at 1,640,504.64 ΤBq. The RAW management activities are implemented at the Chornoby1 NPP within the frame of several programs of different hierarchy including the State Comprehensive Program for RAW Management in Ukraine, Integrated Program of RAW Management at the Chornoby1 NPP Shutdown Stage and Transformation of the Unit Shelter into an Ecologically Safe System. At the present time a number of key RAW management facilities are being constructed within the frame of the international aid to Ukraine. They are the Liquid Radioactive Waste Plant and Solid Radioactive Waste Reprocessing Complex. As of now, the issues concerning RAW utilization at the Unit Shelter are resolved at a conceptual level. There has not practical decision in relation to a geologic facility. The complexity and scale of ChNPP RAW management problems will require significant efforts of both Ukraine and the whole world community to solve these issues. The task related to removal and final burial of accumulated and generating radioactive waste is one of the main aspects of decommissioning activities at any nuclear power plant. RAW management work is the most important and complicated work performed at the Chornoby1 NPP. The specific features of ChNPP RAW management are as follows: • Variety of RAW generation sources, their types, physical and chemical properties. • Large amount of radioactive wastes which already exist and those generated in the decommissioning process. • Presence of disorganized RAW characterized by wide spatial distribution within the Unit Shelter and at the plant site. • Need to apply a very wide spectrum of various RAW management techniques depending on their location and type. • Need in developing unique techniques to manage special types of RAW located at the site (fuel containing masses of the Unit Shelter). • Large amount and variety of facilities required for RAW final storage. • Absence of reliable and serviceable instrumental procedures and necessary equipment to define RAW properties for RAW separation and classification. • Ecological peculiarities of RAW management within the Chornoby1 zone. • Multiphase decontamination and restoration processes resulting in RAW formation. • Need in integrating RAW management problems at the ChNPP and within the Chornoby1 Exclusion Zone taken as whole. • Long time period required for implementing the whole program of RAW management at the ChNPP. • Large quantity of people involved in RAW management process (local and foreign participants, different organization operated by various departments).

Photophysical, electro- and spectroelectro-chemical properties of the nonplanar porphyrin [ZnOEP(Py)44+,4Cl−] in aqueous media

2010 ◽  
Vol 213 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Karakostas ◽  
D. Schaming ◽  
S. Sorgues ◽  
S. Lobstein ◽  
J.-P. Gisselbrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Chemical Properties

Plasma treatment of aqueous solutes: Some chemical properties of a gliding arc in humid air

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Benstaali ◽  
D. Moussa ◽  
A. Addou ◽  
J.-L. Brisset
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Gliding Arc

scholarly journals Application of Amberlite IRA 402 Resin Adsorption and Laccase Treatment for Acid Blue 113 Removal from Aqueous Media

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3991
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Mirela Marin ◽  
Ioana Stanculescu
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Process ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Acid Blue 113 ◽  
Acid Blue

Despite Acid Blue 113 (AB 113)’s extensive use and negative environmental impact, very few studies have focused on its efficient and environmentally friendly removal. This research aims the removal of AB 113 from environmental aqueous media and its consequent enzymatic biodegradation. A strongly basic anion exchange resin in Cl− form, Amberlite IRA 402 (IRA 402(Cl−)) was used for AB 113 adsorption and a laccase was used to further biodegrade it. For the first time, two novel, efficient and environmentally friendly physical–chemical and biological assays for AB 113 wastewater removal and subsequent biodegradation were combined. The adsorption of AB 113 onto IRA 402(Cl−) was tested in batch and continuous flux modes. Influence of contact time, concentration and desorption in acidic media were evaluated. The kinetic data were best modulated by the Lagergren model with R2 = 0.9275. The Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the experimental data, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 130 mg/g. Dye, resin and AB113 loaded resin were characterized by thermogravimetry and FTIR to evaluate their physical chemical properties modification. Based on the performed studies, a consecutive methodology is proposed, incorporating the ion exchange process in the first stage and the biodegradation process in the second. Thus, in the second stage the residual concentration of AB 113 is reduced by an efficient bio-degradation process produced by the laccase at pH = 4.

scholarly journals Energy Transfer Between Yb3+- Mn2+ in Zn(Po3 ) 2 Glasses Giving Green, Red and Infrared Light

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
C Flores J ◽  
◽  
J Hernández A ◽  
E Camarillo G ◽  
D Acosta N ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Manganese Ion ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Superexchange Coupling ◽  
Large Wavelength ◽  
Upconversion Process

The Yb3+-Mn2+codoped zinc metaphosphate glass gives rise to several processes such as upconversion, downshifting and double ion absorptions producing light from the visible to the IR wavelengths. These processes are possible since the Mn2+ and the Yb3+ ions replaces the Zn2+ ion in nanoparticles of the α phase of the compound Zn(PO3)2. An important result is that the α structure presence allows the formation of Yb3+-Mn2+ dimers, that gives rise to a superexchange coupling that allows an upconversion process from the IR to the red region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The experimental results also show that these dimers can couple to produce Yb3+ ion pairs that led to a cooperative emission in the green, around 500nm, coupling also the Mn2+ ions that in turn allows to produce a double absorption of this ions in the red region of the electromagnetic spectrum and as well a downshifting process conducting to the Yb3+ emission in the infrared. If the manganese ion concentration is higher than 10% most of these effects are masked. All these results make the material an effective option for different applications, due to the large wavelength variety that can be selected for excitation or emission

scholarly journals Supramolecular Structures and Self-Association Processes in Polymer Systems

2016 ◽  
pp. S165-S178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HRUBÝ ◽  
S. K. FILIPPOV ◽  
P. ŠTĚPÁNEK
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Polymer System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Self Association

Self-organization in a polymer system appears when a balance is achieved between long-range repulsive and short-range attractive forces between the chemically different building blocks. Block copolymers forming supramolecular assemblies in aqueous media represent materials which are extremely useful for the construction of drug delivery systems especially for cancer applications. Such formulations suppress unwanted physico-chemical properties of the encapsulated drugs, modify biodistribution of the drugs towards targeted delivery into tissue of interest and allow triggered release of the active cargo. In this review, we focus on general principles of polymer self-organization in solution, phase separation in polymer systems (driven by external stimuli, especially by changes in temperature, pH, solvent change and light) and on effects of copolymer architecture on the self-assembly process.

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