scholarly journals Expression Profile of miRs in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Systematic Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Kristina D. Yakovleva ◽  
Diana V. Dmitrenko ◽  
Iulia S. Panina ◽  
Anna A. Usoltseva ◽  
Kirill A. Gazenkampf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common forms of focal epilepsy in children and adults. TLE is characterized by variable onset and seizures. Moreover, this form of epilepsy is often resistant to pharmacotherapy. The search for new mechanisms for the development of TLE may provide us with a key to the development of new diagnostic methods and a personalized approach to the treatment. In recent years, the role of non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNA) has been actively studied, among which microRNA (miR) is of the greatest interest. (1) Background: The purpose of the systematic review is to analyze the studies carried out on the role of miRs in the development of mesial TLE (mTLE) and update the existing knowledge about the biomarkers of this disease. (2) Methods: The search for publications was carried out in the databases PubMed, Springer, Web of Science, Clinicalkeys, Scopus, OxfordPress, Cochrane. The search was carried out using keywords and combinations. We analyzed publications for 2016‒2021, including original studies in an animal model of TLE and with the participation of patients with TLE, thematic and systemic reviews, and Cochrane reviews. (3) Results: this thematic review showed that miR‒155, miR‒153, miR‒361‒5p, miR‒4668‒5p, miR‒8071, miR‒197‒5p, miR‒145, miR‒181, miR‒199a, miR‒1183, miR‒129‒2‒3p, miR‒143‒3p (upregulation), miR–134, miR‒0067835, and miR‒153 (downregulation) can be considered as biomarkers of mTLE. However, the roles of miR‒146a, miR‒142, miR‒106b, and miR‒223 are questionable and need further study. (4) Conclusion: In the future, it will be possible to consider previously studied miRs, which have high specificity and sensitivity in mTLE, as prognostic biomarkers (predictors) of the risk of developing this disease in patients with potentially epileptogenic structural damage to the mesial regions of the temporal lobe of the brain (congenital disorders of the neuronal migration and neurogenesis, brain injury, neuro-inflammation, tumor, impaired blood supply, neurodegeneration, etc.).

Accuracy and Efficacy for Robotic Assistance in Implanting Responsive Neurostimulation Device Electrodes in Bilateral Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Y Chan ◽  
Lilit Mnatsakanyan ◽  
Mona Sazgar ◽  
Indranil Sen-Gupta ◽  
Jack J Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Robotic Assistance ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Robotic Devices ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract BACKGROUND Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is a relatively new treatment option that has been shown to be effective for patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy when resection is not possible, especially in bilateral mesial temporal onset. Robotic devices are becoming increasingly popular for use in stereotactic procedures such as stereoelectroencephalography, but have yet to be used when implanting RNS devices. OBJECTIVE To show that these 2 forms of advanced technology were compatible and could be used effectively in patient care. METHODS We implanted RNS devices in 3 patients with bilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Each patient was placed in the prone position, and electrode trajectories were planned via the robotic navigation system via a transoccipital approach. One lead was placed along each amygdalohippocampal complex. A small craniectomy was then created in the parietal region for RNS generator implantation. Actual and expected target locations and distance were calculated for each depth. There were no complications in this group. RESULTS RNS devices with bilateral leads were successfully implanted in all 3 patients, with bilateral mesial temporal lobe onset. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 6 mo, and there were no complications in this group. The median distance between the estimate and actual targets was 2.18 (range = 1.11-3.27) mm. CONCLUSION We show that implanting RNS devices with robotic assistance is feasible with excellent precision and accuracy. The advantages of using robotic assistance include higher flexibility, accuracy, precision, and consistency.

scholarly journals Epilepsy and Ecstatic Experiences: The Role of the Insula

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Fabienne Picard ◽  
Peter Bossaerts ◽  
Fabrice Bartolomei
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
External Signal ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
The World

Ecstatic epilepsy is a rare form of focal epilepsy in which the aura (beginning of the seizures) consists of a blissful state of mental clarity/feeling of certainty. Such a state has also been described as a “religious” or mystical experience. While this form of epilepsy has long been recognized as a temporal lobe epilepsy, we have accumulated evidence converging toward the location of the symptomatogenic zone in the dorsal anterior insula during the 10 last years. The neurocognitive hypothesis for the genesis of a mental clarity is the suppression of the interoceptive prediction errors and of the unexpected surprise associated with any incoming internal or external signal, usually processed by the dorsal anterior insula. This mimics a perfect prediction of the world and induces a feeling of certainty. The ecstatic epilepsy is thus an amazing model for the role of anterior insula in uncertainty and surprise.

Lateralising value of experiential hallucinations in temporal lobe epilepsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1273-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Heydrich ◽  
Guillaume Marillier ◽  
Nathan Evans ◽  
Olaf Blanke ◽  
Margitta Seeck
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Deja Vu ◽  
Déjà Vu

ObjectivesEver since John Hughlings Jackson first described the so-called ‘dreamy state’ during temporal lobe epilepsy, that is, the sense of an abnormal familiarity (déjà vu) or vivid memory-like hallucinations from the past (experiential hallucinations), these phenomena have been studied and repeatedly linked to mesial temporal lobe structures. However, little is known about the lateralising value of either déjà vu or experiential hallucinations.MethodsWe analysed a sample of 28 patients with intractable focal epilepsy suffering from either déjà vu or experiential hallucinations. All the patients underwent thorough presurgical examination, including MRI, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission CT, EEG and neuropsychological examination.ResultsWhile déjà vu was due to right or left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, experiential hallucinations were strongly lateralised to the left mesial temporal lobe. Moreover, there was a significant effect for interictal language deficits being more frequent in patients suffering from experiential hallucinations.ConclusionsThese results suggest a lateralising value for experiential hallucinations to the left temporal lobe.

scholarly journals Early Ictal Recruitment of Midline Thalamus in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Romeo ◽  
Alexandra T. Issa Roach ◽  
Emilia Toth ◽  
G. Chaitanya ◽  
Adeel Ilyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Midline Thalamus ◽  
Temporal Lobe Seizures ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractThe causal role of midline thalamus in the initiation and early organization of mesial temporal lobe seizures is studied. Three patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography were enrolled for the placement of an additional depth electrode targeting the midline thalamus. The midline thalamus was recruited in all three patients at varying points of seizure initiation (0-13 seconds) and early propagation (9-60 seconds). Stimulation of either thalamus or hippocampus induced similar habitual seizures. Seizure-induced in the hippocampus rapidly recruited the thalamus. Evoked potentials demonstrated stronger connectivity from the hippocampus to the thalamus than in the opposite direction. The midline thalamus can be within the seizure initiation and symptomatogenic circuits.

scholarly journals Role of Diffusion Tensor Imaging In Intractable Unilateral Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Amarnath C ◽  
Bhoopathy R M ◽  
Suhasini B ◽  
Prem Chand ◽  
Gopinathan K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe

scholarly journals Menstrual cycle worsening of epileptic seizures in women with symptomatic focal epilepsy

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (3b) ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Belini Bazán ◽  
Maria Augusta Montenegro ◽  
Fernando Cendes ◽  
Li Li Min ◽  
Carlos A.M. Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Seizure Frequency ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Medical Appointment ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe

INTRODUCTION: Hormonal fluctuation is responsible for worsening of epileptic seizures during the menstrual cycle. OBJETIVE: To identify irregularities in the menstrual cycles of women with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and extratemporal focal epilepsy (ETFE) and correlate the frequency of seizures during the menstrual cycles. METHOD: We evaluated prospectively women in the menacme with MTLE and ETFE. Calendars were provided for these patients, and they were asked to mark their seizure frequency according to the menses. Calendars were reviewed in each routine medical appointment. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients with MTLE and 14 with ETFE were evaluated. We registered 211 cycles in the patients with MTLE and 49 in those with ETFE. Irregular menstrual cycles were found in 28 (28/39, 71.7%) patients with MTLE and 6 (6/14, 42.8%) with ETFE (p=0.052). Premenstrual seizure worsening was observed in 46 (21.8%) patients with MTLE and 9 (18.3%) with ETFE (p=0.596). Menstrual worsening was observed in 47 (22.2%) patients with MTLE and 15 (30.6%) with ETFE (p=0. 217). Ovulatory worsening was observed in 36 (17%) patients with MTLE and 13 (26.5%) with ETFE (p=0,126). Catamenial worsening was observed in 58 (27.4%) of the patients with MTLE and in 17 (34.7%) of the patients with ETFE (p=0.315). CONCLUSION: There was no difference between the group of patients with MTLE and ETFE regarding the frequency of irregular cycles and seizure worsening during the premenstrual, menstrual, catamenial or ovulatory periods.

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