scholarly journals Ultrastructure of the Olfactory Sensilla across the Antennae and Maxillary Palps of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Ting Hu ◽  
Huai-Wang Guo ◽  
Xiao-Fei Liang ◽  
Yue-Qing Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Olfactory Sensilla ◽  
Sensilla Trichodea ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Olfactory Organs ◽  
Maxillary Palps

The sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps are the most important olfactory organs, via which the insect can perceive the semiochemicals to adjust their host seeking and oviposition behaviors. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major agricultural quarantine pest infesting more than 250 different fruits and vegetables. However, the sensilla involved in olfaction have not been well documented even though a variety of control practices based on chemical communication have already been developed. In this study, the ultrastructure of the sensilla, especially the olfactory sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps of both males and females, were investigated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three types of olfactory sensillum types including trichodea, basiconica, and coeloconica, and two non-olfactory sensilla including both chaetica and microtrichia, were observed. Each of these three types of olfactory sensilla on the antennae of B. dorsalis were further classified into two subtypes according to the morphology and number of receptor cells. For the first time, the pores on the sensilla trichodea and basiconica cuticular wall were observed in this species, suggesting they are involved in semiochemical perception. This study provides new information on B. dorsalis olfaction, which can be connected to other molecular, genetic, and behavioral research to construct an integral olfactory system model for this species.

scholarly journals Morphological and Ultrastructural Characterization of Antennal Sensilla and the Detection of Floral Scent Volatiles in Eupeodes corollae (Diptera: Syrphidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ying Dong ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Gui-Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Olfactory Sensilla ◽  
Sensilla Basiconica ◽  
Sensilla Trichodea ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Olfactory Organs

The olfactory sensing system of the syrphid fly Eupeodes corollae is essential in pollination and prey localization, but little is known about the ultrastructural organization of their olfactory organs. In this study, the morphology, distribution, and ultrastructural organization of antennal sensilla of E. corollae in both sexes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Neuronal responses of a subtype of sensilla basiconica to floral scent compounds were recorded by single sensillum recording (SSR). Ten morphological types, including Böhm bristles, sensilla chaetica, microtrichiae, sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla clavate, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla placodea, and sensory pit, were identified. Except for Böhm bristles and sensilla chaetica, which were distributed on the scape and pedicel of E. corollae antennae, innervated sensilla were densely distributed on the flagellum, a vital sensory organ. Further, observing ultrastructural organization showed that the sensilla trichodea, basiconica, and clavate are single-walled with multiple nanoscale pores perforating the cuticle. Sensilla coeloconica are double-walled and have no wall pores, but instead, have longitudinal grooves along with the pegs. Sensilla chaetica, Böhm bristles, and microtrichiae did not have wall pores on the cuticle or sensory cells at the base. The SSR results indicated that neuron B housed in the subtype of sensilla basiconica I (SBI) mainly responded to methyl eugenol and other aromatic compounds. Overall, our results provide valuable information to understand the morphology and ultrastructure of antennal sensilla from E. corollae. These findings are beneficial for the studies of the neuronal function map of olfactory sensilla and for determining evolutionary relationships in Diptera.

Molecular Characterization and Transcriptional Expression Analysis of ABC Transporter H Subfamily Genes in the Oriental Fruit Fly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang He ◽  
Dan-Dan Wei ◽  
Hui-Qian Xu ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Ze-Qing Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly ◽  
Starvation And Desiccation

Abstract The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephretidae), is a serious pest of fruits and vegetables and has developed high levels of insecticide resistance. ATP-binding cassette transporter genes (ABC transporters) are involved in mediating the energy-driven transport of many substances across membranes and are closely associated with development and insecticide detoxification. In this study, three ABC transporters in the H subfamily were identified, and the possible roles of these genes in B. dorsalis are discussed. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that those genes are conserved, typical of half-transporters. The expression profiles of BdABCH genes (BdABCHs) in the developmental stages, tissues, and following insecticide exposure, extreme temperature, warm- and cold-acclimated strain, starvation, and desiccation stress were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of BdABCHs can be detected in various tissues and in different developmental stages. They were most highly expressed in the hindgut and in newly emerged adults. The mRNA levels of BdABCHs in males (including most tissues and body segments) were higher than in females. The expression of BdABCH1 was significantly upregulated 3.8-fold in the cold-acclimated strain, and was significantly upregulated by 1.9-, 3.8- and 4.1-fold in the 0°C, starvation, and desiccation treatments, respectively. Treatment with malathion and avermectin at LD20 and LD30 concentrations produced no obvious changes in the levels of BdABCHs. BdABCHs may be involved in the transport of related hormones during eclosion, as well as water and inorganic salts. BdABCH1 also demonstrated that it is related to the ability to cope with adverse environments.

scholarly journals Divergence of Cultivable Bacteria Associated with Larvae and Adult Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Laboratory-Reared Strains

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Mazarin Akami ◽  
Ousman Tamgue ◽  
Xueming Ren ◽  
Yaohui Wang ◽  
Xuewei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Cultivable Bacteria ◽  
Huge Variety ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Insects entertain intricate and mutualistic relationship with an array of microorganisms, which significantly influence their fitness, ecology and evolution. In recent decades, there has been increasing interest toward studying the effects of microbiome on many host insects (Dipterans, Lepidopterans, and Coleopterans). Studies so far realized indicate that gut microbiome contribute to host nutritional ecology, defense, immunity and lifespan. Bactrocera dorsalis (Tephritidae: Diptera) is a polyphagous fruit fly which attacks a huge variety of fruits and vegetables worldwide and has been placed as a quarantine species by many countries. To investigate the specific functions of the gut endosymbionts, it is a prerequisite to know the composition of gut bacterial communities whose manipulation will help to decipher their ecological relevance. Here, we used the culture-dependent technique to isolate and identify gut bacteria from B. dorsalis at different developmental stages. The results revealed 11 bacterial species from the third instar larvae, 18 and 12 from female and male populations, respectively. These bacteria were assigned to six families, namely, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Micrococcaceae and Bacillaceae. Bacterial species from these families were differentially represented in various samples, except Klebsiella oxytoca , Enterobacter cloacae, Pantoea dispers and Enterococcus faecalis that were detected at all developmental stages. Overall, Enterobacteriaceae was the most dominant family in females and third instar larvae accounting for 57.89% and 26.32%, respectively, while Enterococcaceae was dominant in males with 75% of the total bacterial taxa. These results suggest that B. dorsalis possesses a huge variety of cultivable bacteria that could be used to explore their specific functions on host physiology and fitness.

scholarly journals Fluktuasi Populasi Lalat Buah Bactrocera spp. (Diptera : Tephritidae) pada Pertanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum Annuum) di Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Susanto ◽  
Yadi Supriyadi ◽  
Tohidin Tohidin ◽  
Nenet Susniahti ◽  
Vickri Hafizh
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Rainy Days

ABSTRACTFluctuation population of fruit flies Batrocera spp. (Dipthera: Tephritidae) on chilli (Capsicum annuum) plantation areas in Bandung Regency, West JavaFruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are destructive pest that cause damages to horticulture commodities such as fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this study was to investigate fluctuation population of fruit flies in relation to abiotic factors, such as temperature, rainfall, number of rainy days, and biotic factors, such as host phenology and natural enemies. The field experiment was conducted in Pulosari Village, Pangalengan, Bandung. This research used survey method by placing 20 fruit flies traps on host plants, in which 10 traps were being placed in the outside and the others were being placed in the inside within 10 meters distance per trap. Trapped flies were collected and their population was counted in every week. The results revealed that abiotitic factors (temperature, rainfall, number of rainy days) have non significant influence indicated by the regression analysis of each temperature (Y=-101.2+2298.7x; R2=0.253; P>0.05), rainfall (Y= 0.143+154.4x; R2 = 0.004; P> 0.05), and the number of rainy days (Y= 6.607+140.51x; R2 = 0.015; P>0.05). Meanwhile, fruit fly with the dominant population was Bactocera dorsalis which was included into sibling species of Bactrocera dorsalis Complex with number of population was 93% from specimen sample.Keywords: Fluctuation population, fruit flies, Batrocera dorsalis Complex, ChilliABSTRAKLalat buah (Bactrocera spp.) merupakan hama penting yang menyerang tanaman hortikultura baik buah-buahan ataupun sayuran buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi fluktuasi populasi lalat buah pada pertanaman cabai merah terhadap faktor abiotik berupa suhu, curah hujan, jumlah hari hujan dan faktor biotik berupa fenologi tanaman inang dan musuh alami. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di Desa Pulosari, Kecamatan Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan metode survei dengan memasang perangkap lalat buah pada lahan pertanaman cabai merah sebanyak 20 perangkap dengan 10 perangkap bagian luar dan 10 perangkap bagian dalam dengan jarak antar perangkap 10 meter. Hasil tangkapan dikumpulkan dan dihitung populasi lalat buah yang terperangkap setiap minggunya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor abiotik (suhu, curah hujan, jumlah hari hujan) tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan ditunjukan dengan analisis regresi masing-masing pada suhu ( Y= -101,2+ 2298,7x ; R2=0,253; P > 0,05), Curah hujan (Y= 0,143 + 154,4x ; R2= 0,004 ; P > 0,05), dan Jumlah hari hujan (Y= 6,607 + 140,51x ; R2=0,015 ; P > 0,05) Sedangkan lalat buah yang memiliki populasi paling dominan adalah Bactrocera dorsalis yang termasuk sibling dari spesies Bactrocera dorsalis Kompleks dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 93% dari sampel spesimen.Kata kunci : Fluktuasi populasi, Lalat buah, Bactrocera dorsalis Kompleks, Cabai merah

scholarly journals Ingestion of bacteria expressing dsRNA to maggots produces severe mortality and deformities in fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Mohanpuria ◽  
Mohan Govindaswamy ◽  
Gurupkar Singh Sidhu ◽  
Sandeep Singh ◽  
Simranpreet Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Bacterial Treatment

Abstract Background The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is the world’s most damaging (30–100%) pest infesting important fruits and vegetables. Its control is highly challenging due to its polyphagous, multivoltine nature, and unexposed developmental stages. No known fruit fly-resistant guava germplasm is reported so far worldwide. RNAi approach in guava against fruit fly can provide an attractive alternative to overcome this problem. Main body Escherichia coli-based dsRNA expression strategy was used to investigate its potential in control of B. dorsalis via targeting its two vital genes, ecr (ecdysone receptor) and rpl19 (a ribosomal protein L19). Effects of feeding E. coli, HT115 (DE3) expressing dsRNA of Bdecr and Bdrpl19 with artificial diet to maggots of B. dorsalis resulted in severe mortality and deformities in treated maggots, emerged pupae, and adults. Total mortality (including deformity) of maggots, pupae, and adult fruit flies was 86.3% and 87.9% and was highest in 700 μl (× 200 of 3.5 × 108 cells) dsRNAs of Bdecr and Bdrpl19 bacterial treatment respectively, compared to 350 and 200 μl bacterial treatments. Severe defects in terms of developmental changes like melanisation and deformities of maggots and pupae, absence of wings, underdeveloped abdomen/absence of complete abdomen, absence of legs, severely curled wings, malformed legs, and incomplete eclosion, and suppression of these target genes expression were observed in emerged adults. Short conclusion The study provides a proof of concept of feasibility to silence two potential genes by feeding bacteria expressing dsRNA in all developmental stages of B. dorsalis to step further to perform RNAi-based pest control.

scholarly journals Microbial Carriage and Contamination of Mangoes by the Oriental Fruit Fly

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-275
Author(s):  
Godfred Futagbi ◽  
Nana Akosua Gyamfuah Koduah ◽  
Benyarku Richard Ampah ◽  
Precious Agbeko Dzorgbe Mattah ◽  
Maxwell Billah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Fly Control

Background: Fruit flies, especially of the Family Terphritidae, are economically important pests for the horticulture industry because many species cause serious mechanical damage to a number of crops of different plant families. Studies have shown that some species of fruit flies have the potential to contaminate fruits and vegetables with enteric bacterial pathogens. However, this has not been conclusively demonstrated. Methods: In this study, we investigated enteric bacteria carriage by Bactrocera dorsalis and its possible role in transmission of microbes into internal tissues of fruits. Fruit flies trapped using liquid protein bait, ripe mango fruits exposed to the fruit flies and controls, as well as mangoes obtained from farms with and without fly-control traps, were analyzed for microbes, such as total aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, yeast and molds, Escherichia coli and Salmonella/Shigella spp. using direct culture methods. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that a high percentage of these insects carries pathogenic bacteria. This finding shows that, like B. cacuminata and B. tryoni, B. dorsalis also carries pathogenic microbes. It was also observed that mangoes sampled from fly-control farms had significantly lower microbial loads and proportions of fruits contaminated compared to those from farms without fly-control. Additionally, all microbial counts of internal tissues were significantly higher for exposed mangoes compared to unexposed mangoes. These data indicate that B. dorsalis contaminates not only the external but also internal tissues of mangoes. Conclusion: These findings show that B. dorsalis carries pathogenic bacteria and plays a direct role in internalization of microbes in mangoes.

scholarly journals Survey of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) from 23 Species of Fruits Collected in Sleman, Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Valentina E. F. Aryuwandari ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono ◽  
Suputa Suputa ◽  
Stefano De Faveri ◽  
Shanmugam Vijaysegaran
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Malpighia Emarginata ◽  
New Hosts

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are major pests of fruits and vegetables in many countries, including Indonesia. Knowledge of the fruit fly host range in a specific area is an important part of the area-wide pest management program to reduce the pest problem. The aim of this study was to extend and update the information on the host range of fruit flies in the Regency of Sleman, Yogyakarta. This area is one of the centers of fruit production, particularly snake fruit in Indonesia. Fruit sampling was conducted from August 2019 to February 2020 in four sub-districts in Sleman consisting of different types of agro-ecosystems. Fruit rearing was carried out in the laboratory followed by identification of the fruit and fruit flies that emerged to species level. From the 23 species of fruits belonging to 14 different families that were collected, the following 6 species of fruit flies emerged: Bactrocera dorsalis, B. carambolae, B. umbrosa, B. albistrigata, B. mcgregori, and Zeugodacus cucurbitae. Bactrocera dorsalis and B. carambolae utilized the widest range of hosts, 12 and 11 species of fruits, respectively. Syzygium cumini, Malpighia emarginata, and Phaleria macrocarpa were recorded for the first time as new hosts of B. carambolae in Indonesia. Additional data of B. dorsalis and B. carambolae infesting salak cv. pondoh is also reported.

Bactrocera dorsalis. [Distribution map].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Mariana Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Ogasawara Islands ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Diptera: Tephritidae (Oriental fruit fly). Attacks a very wide range of fleshy fruits and vegetables. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hong Kong, India, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Kampuchea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Ogasawara Islands, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Pacifica Islands, Hawaii, Mariana Islands, North America, USA, California.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON THE QUALITY AND MATING COMPETITIVENES OF FRUIT FLIES Bactrocera dorsalis IN THE CAGE SCALE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Indah Arastuti Nasution ◽  
Elvinasari Elvinasari ◽  
Dewi Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Mating Competitiveness ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hatching Eggs

Bactrocera dorsalis is an important fruit fly attack fruits and vegetables in Indonesia. Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is sterilize with gamma irradiation, released as many as 9 x wild population, ecpected to mate but didn’t produce offspring.  The research porpuse was to determine the effect of gamma irradiation on the quality and on the mating competitiveness in cage scale.  The experimental design was completely randomized design with one factor was gamma irradiation dosee at 6 levels were 0 (control), 30, 50, 70, 90 and 110 Gy as many as 4 replicates. The result that the level of the radiation dose had a significant on the competitiveness and quality included the percentage of pupae became adult adult, sex ratio, the percentage of fly ability, the number of eggs produced (fecundity) and percentage hatching eggs.  The quality decreased when  increasing in radiation dose.  The dose level didn’t affect the fecundity but affected the mating competitiveness in cage scale.  The value total of mating campetitivenes was highest at a dose of 70 Gy treatment were 0.76 (5:1:1) and 0.79 (10:1:1), followed by dose of 50 Gy were 0,41 (5:1:1) and 0,50 (10:1:1). 

Abundance and Diversity of Frugivorous Fruit Flies in Kandara, Murang’a County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Caroline Muriuki ◽  
◽  
Mary Guantai ◽  
Namikoye Samita ◽  
Joseph Mulwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Ceratitis Cosyra ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Fruits and vegetables are important source of livelihood to farmers and major horticulture sub sector with high contribution to agricultural GDP in Kenya. This study was conducted to determine diversity and abundance of frugivorous fruit flies in Kandara sub county, Murang’a County in 2018, at a place where first area of low pest population was created in Kenya for Bactrocera dorsalis. Three sets of pheromone traps (Methyl-Eugenol, Cuelure and Trimedlure) were set in six trap stations within farmers’ orchards in four agro-ecological zones (LH1 (Lower Highland Zone), UM1 (Upper Mid-land Zone), UM2, and UM3). The trap catch data was collected fortnightly and data analyzed. Six fruit flies species namely; Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis cosyra, Ceratitis capitata, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Dacus bivittatus and Perilampsis sp were identified. Bactrocera dorsalis population was significantly (P<.001) different across the four agro-ecologies with lowest densities at LH1 and highest at UM3. Likewise, C. capitata recorded significant (P=0.042) difference densities across the agro-ecological zones, but no significant (P=0.386) difference was recorded for C. cosyra across the agro-ecological zones. Further, there was significant (P=0.012) difference in the number of Perilampsis sp across the agro-ecologies with the highest number recorded in UM1. Both Z. cucurbitae (P=0.061) and D. bivittatus (P=0.056) had low abundance across the agro-ecologies. The peak infestation period differed across the various fruit fly species, whereby B. dorsalis peaked in May, C. capitata in February and C. cosyra in January. The study shows that abundance for the fruit flies is probably related to their preferred hostplant and the weather patterns. We recommend continuous monitoring and intensifying trapping activities during peak periods in order to control the pest and protect fruits from damage. Farmers should be trained on the use of pheromone traps to reduce over-reliance on pesticides. Key words: Agro-ecologies, Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis sp, fruit fly density, Pheromone

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