scholarly journals The Effects of Boric Acid Sugar Bait on Wolbachia Trans-Infected Male Aedes albopictus (ZAP Males®) in Laboratory Conditions

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Vindhya S. Aryaprema ◽  
Whitney A. Qualls ◽  
Karen L. Dobson ◽  
Stephen L. Dobson ◽  
Rui-De Xue
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Infected Male ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Mosquito Management ◽  
Integrated Mosquito Management

The field release of Wolbachia trans-infected male mosquitoes, as well as the use of toxic sugar baits, is a novel and promising candidate technique for integrated mosquito management programs. However, the methods of action of the two techniques may not be complementary, because the Wolbachia method releases mosquitoes into the environment expecting a wild population reduction in subsequent generations while the toxic baits are intended to reduce the wild population by killing mosquitoes. This laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of boric acid toxic sugar baits on Wolbachia trans-infected male Aedes albopictus, relative to wild-type Ae. albopictus males. Wolbachia trans-infected (ZAP male®) and the wild-type Ae. albopictus males were exposed separately to 1% boric acid in a 10% sucrose solution in BugDorms. In the control test, the two groups were exposed to 10% sucrose solution without boric acid. Percent mortalities were counted for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post exposure periods. The results show that 1% boric acid toxic sugar bait can effectively kill ZAP males under laboratory conditions, and the effectiveness was significantly higher after 24 h and 48 h, compared to wild-type male Ae. albopictus. This finding will help in planning and coordinating integrated mosquito management programs, including both Wolbachia trans-infected mosquito releases and the use of toxic sugar baits against Ae. albopictus.

Boric acid-based baits against pharaoh ants

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Olga Yurevna Eremina ◽  
◽  
Veronika Valentinovna Olifer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Sodium Tetraborate ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Food Attractants

For control of the Pharaoh ant, liquid baits based on 5–6 % boric acid or sodium tetraborate, with a high content of food attractant and an agent that prevents drying, are effective. The death of workers, queens and brood occurs within 2–4 weeks. In laboratory conditions, when colonies of the Pharaoh ant feed with such baits, depletion of the colony was noted by the 4th week of the experiment (death of queen was 75–100 %, and critical decrease in the number of live workers and brood was occured). Dry boric baits do not significantly affect the viability of ant colonies. Solutions of sodium tetraborate in glycerol are ineffective due to the lack of food attractants, the death of workers is comparable to that obtained in the variant with starving control. The mechanism of action and sterilizing properties of boric acid and sodium tetraborate for insects are discussed.

scholarly journals Daya Saing Kawin Nyamuk Jantan Steril (Culex quinquefasciatus) Skala Laboratorium: Studi Awal Penggunaan Teknik Serangga Mandul dalam Pengendalian Vektor Filariasis Limfatik di Kota Pekalongan

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Tri Ramadhani ◽  
Upik Kusuma Hadi ◽  
Susi Soviana ◽  
Zubaidah Irawati ◽  
Sunaryo Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mating Competitiveness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Mosquitoes

Culex quinquefasciatus is the main vector of limfatic filariasis in Pekalongan City. Sterile Insect Tehnique could be an alternative vector control efforts to eliminate filariasis. The success of this technique is depend on the ability of laboratory-reared sterile males with the wild-type females. Indicator of SIT Aplication is determined by the value of the mating competitiveness and sterility to Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:Culicidae). The design of the research is an experimental. Gamma irradiation on the pupae (age . 15 hours) with the  doses of 0 Gy, 60 Gy, 65 Gy,70 Gy, 75 Gy and 80 Gy in BATAN Jakarta.  Male mosquitoes which emerged from the pupa then matting with a normal female. This research observed the mean  of females laying eggs ,fecundity, fertility and  mating competitiveness. This experimental research was conducted in the laboratory and the data were analyzed by ANOVA.The result showed that irradiation at the trial doses had an effect on fertility of Culex quinquefasciatus, but not  had significant effect on  fecundity and mating competitiveness . A dose of 70 Gy is the optimum dose with a fertility rate of 1.8% (sterility 98.2%) and C indexs 0,568 can be recommended for futher  semi field assays. The number of sterile males were six times compared with the wild population to increase the chances of  mating with wild-type females.

scholarly journals The Impact of Hurricane Irma on Our Community and the Collier Mosquito Control District's Mission

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2s) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Robin A. King ◽  
Rebecca Heinig ◽  
Patrick Linn ◽  
Keira J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Southwest Florida ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Collier County ◽  
Mosquito Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integrated Mosquito Management ◽  
Hurricane Irma ◽  
Subtropical Environment

ABSTRACT The Collier Mosquito Control District, located in southwest Florida, is uniquely positioned in a subtropical environment between the Gulf of Mexico and Everglades National Park. The District's mission is focused on the control of disease vector and nuisance mosquitoes in Collier County, which is accomplished through integrated mosquito management. Hurricane Irma made landfall in the county on September 10, 2017, leaving in its wake tremendous property and infrastructure damage, and it also disrupted communications and airport operations. These factors greatly affected the District's operations and its ability to meet its mission. In addition, the lengthy loss of electrical power forced most residents outdoors, increasing their exposure to mosquitoes. From challenges in completing poststorm treatments to outdated policies that caught us off-guard, the event prompted a new hurricane policy and plan to ensure improved preparedness for the next natural disaster. The poststorm environment also provided a rich foundation for research into mosquito populations after tropical disturbances of this scale. Here we report the impact on the District's aerial mosquito control operations, changes to internal policies, and mosquito population abundance following Hurricane Irma.

Oxytocin gene deletion mice overconsume palatable sucrose solution but not palatable lipid emulsions

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. R1063-R1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Miedlar ◽  
L. Rinaman ◽  
R. R. Vollmer ◽  
J. A. Amico
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Test Solution ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Background Strain ◽  
Daily Caloric Intake ◽  
Marked Preference ◽  
Ad Libitum

We previously reported that oxytocin knockout (OT KO) mice display markedly enhanced intake of sweet and nonsweet carbohydrate solutions compared with intake by wild-type (WT) mice of the same background strain. The present study was conducted to determine whether OT KO mice demonstrate enhanced intake of Intralipid, a palatable lipid emulsion. Male or female mice of both genotypes that were naive to the test solution were given continuous two-bottle access to Intralipid and water with food available ad libitum for 3 days. Throughout the experiment, mice of both genotypes showed a marked preference for Intralipid over water. On the 1st day, OT KO mice displayed twofold greater preference and consumed nearly twice as much Intralipid compared with WT cohorts. However, on subsequent days of exposure, Intralipid preference and intake did not differ between genotypes over a range of lipid concentrations presented in descending or ascending order. Daily and hourly measures of lipid vs. sucrose intake confirmed that OT KO mice consumed more sucrose solution, but not lipid emulsion, than WT mice. During ad libitum access to Intralipid, both genotypes consumed significantly more calories from the emulsion as concentration increased. Both genotypes maintained consistent total daily caloric intake (lipid plus chow) and compensated by decreasing chow intake over the course of the study. These findings, coupled with prior reports from our laboratory, support the view that OT signaling pathways participate in limiting intake of palatable carbohydrate-containing solutions, but do not appear to play a role in limiting intake of Intralipid.

The Role of Boron, Silicon and Nucleic Bases on Pollen Tube Growth of Lilium longiflorum (L.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Polster ◽  
M. Schwenk ◽  
E. Bengsch
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Nucleic Bases

Abstract It is possible to obtain pollen germination and pollen tube growth in vitro if boric acid is present. In this work the effect was studied using as a semiquantitative parameter the mean length (l̄) of Lilium longiflorum pollen tubes. Pollen tube growth was examinated in dependence on boric acid, ortho-silicic acid, nucleic bases, Ca2+ and Zn2+ in 10% sucrose solution. The maximum of l̄ is obtained for concentrations between 2-20 ppm boron. The simultaneous supply of silicon added as water glass leads to a synergistic stimulation effect on pollen tube growth and facilitates branching. The silicon action is preceded of a pollen tube growth inhibition period during 3 h. Adenine and guanosine are able to substitute partially boron as pollen germination and pollen tube growth stimulator. Concentrations of 100 ppm adenine leads to half the boron effect. The same stimulation effect is obtained by guanosine. Ca2+ can partially substitute boron as well. The stimulation action of boron is significantly attenuated by Zn2+ and by the herbicide Dicuran. These and preceding results from physiological studies indicate that boron and silicon should be essential trace elements for the regulation of molecular biological processes.

scholarly journals Pursuing the Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol-Induced Changes in the Ghrelin System: New Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Investigations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Farokhnia ◽  
Sara L Deschaine ◽  
Adriana Gregory-Flores ◽  
Lia J Zallar ◽  
Zhi-Bing You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ghrelin Receptor ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin ◽  
Ghrelin Secretion

Ghrelin is a gastric-derived peptide hormone with demonstrated impact on alcohol intake and craving, but the reverse side of this bidirectional link, i.e., the effects of alcohol on the ghrelin system, remains to be fully established. To characterize the downstream effects of alcohol on the ghrelin system, we examined the following: (1) plasma ghrelin levels across four human laboratory alcohol administration experiments with non-treatment seeking, heavy-drinking participants, (2) expression of ghrelin, ghrelin receptor, and ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT) genes (GHRL, GHSR, and MBOAT4, respectively) in human post-mortem brain tissue from individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) vs. controls, (3) plasma ghrelin levels in Ghsr knockout and wild-type rats following intraperitoneal (i.p.) ethanol administration, (4) effect of ethanol on ghrelin secretion from gastric mucosa cells ex vivo and GOAT enzymatic activity in vitro, and (5) plasma ghrelin levels in rats following i.p. ethanol administration vs. an iso-caloric sucrose solution. Peripheral acyl- and total ghrelin levels significantly decreased following acute ethanol administration in humans. No difference in GHRL, GHSR, and MBOAT4 mRNA expression in the brain was observed between AUD vs. control post-mortem samples. In rats, acyl-ghrelin levels significantly decreased following i.p. ethanol administration in both genotype groups (Ghsr knockout and wild-type), while des-acyl-ghrelin was not affected by ethanol. No effect of ethanol was observed ex vivo on ghrelin secretion from gastric mucosa cells or in vitro on GOAT acylation activity. Lastly, we observed different effects of i.p. ethanol and sucrose solution on acyl- and des-acyl-ghrelin in rats despite administering amounts with equivalent caloric value. Ethanol acutely decreases peripheral ghrelin concentrations in humans and rats, and our findings suggest that this effect does not occur through interaction with ghrelin-secreting gastric mucosal cells, the ghrelin receptor, or the GOAT enzyme. Moreover, this effect does not appear to be proportional to caloric load. Our findings, therefore, suggest that ethanol does not suppress circulating ghrelin through direct interaction with the ghrelin system, or in proportion to the caloric value of alcohol, and may differentially affect ghrelin acylation and ghrelin peptide secretion.

scholarly journals Frequency of kdr mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene in Aedes aegypti from Yogyakarta and implications for Wolbachia-infected mosquito trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juli R. Wuliandari ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Warsito Tantowijoyo ◽  
Nancy M. Endersby-Harshman
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Homozygous Mutant

Abstract Background: In the inner city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, insecticide resistance is expected in the main dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, because of the intensive local application of pyrethroid insecticides. However, detailed information about the nature of resistance in this species is required to assist the release of Wolbachia mosquitoes in a dengue control program, so that we can ensure that insecticide resistance in the strain of Ae. aegypti being released matches that of the background population.Methods: High-resolution melt genotyping was used to screen for kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene in Ae. aegypti of some areas in the inner city of Yogyakarta.Results: The results show that the V1016G mutation predominated, with individuals homozygous for the 1016G allele at a frequency of 82.1% and the mutant allele G at a frequency of 92%. Two patterns of co-occurrence of mutations were detected in this study, homozygous individuals V1016G/S989P; and heterozygous individuals V1016G/F1534C/S989P. We found the simultaneous occurrence of kdr mutations V1016G and F1534C at all collection sites, but not within individual mosquitoes. Homozygous mutants at locus 1016 were homozygous wild-type at locus 1534 and vice versa, and heterozygous V1016G were also heterozygous for F1534C. The most common tri-locus genotype co-occurrences were homozygous mutant 1016GG and homozygous wild-type FF1534, combined with homozygous mutant 989PP (GG/FF/PP) at a frequency of 38.28%.Conclusions: Given the relatively small differences in frequency of resistance alleles across the city area, locality variations in resistance should have minor implications for the success of Wolbachia mosquito trials being undertaken in the Yogyakarta area.

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