scholarly journals Effects of Mating on Gene Expression in Female Insects: Unifying the Field

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Nanfack-Minkeu ◽  
Laura King Sirot
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Expression Regulation ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

There is intense interest in controlling insect reproductive output. In many insect species, reproductive output is profoundly influenced by mating, including the receipt of sperm and seminal fluid molecules, through physiological and behavior changes. To understand these changes, many researchers have investigated post-mating gene expression regulation. In this review, we synthesize information from studies both across and within different species about the impact of mating, or components of mating, on female gene expression patterns. We found that genes related to the roles of metabolism, immune-response, and chemosensation are regulated by mating across many different insect species. We highlight the few studies that have taken the important next step of examining the functional consequences of gene expression regulation which is crucial in order to understand the mechanisms underlying the mating-regulated control of female lifespan and reproduction and to make use of such knowledge to propagate or control insect populations. The potential of cross-study comparisons is diminished by different studies using different methods. Thus, we also include a consideration of how future studies could be designed to facilitate cross-study comparisons and a call for collaboration across researchers studying different insect species and different aspects of insect biology.

scholarly journals Uncovering divergence in gene expression regulation in the adaptation of yeast to nitrogen scarcity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Villarroel ◽  
Paulo Canessa ◽  
Macarena Bastias ◽  
Francisco A Cubillos
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Expression Regulation ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Allelic Bias

Saccharomyces cerevisiae rewires its transcriptional output to survive stressful environments, such as nitrogen scarcity under fermentative conditions. Although divergence in nitrogen metabolism has been described among natural yeast populations, the impact of regulatory genetic variants modulating gene expression and nitrogen consumption remains to be investigated. Here, we employed an F1 hybrid from two contrasting S. cerevisiae strains, providing a controlled genetic environment to map cis factors involved in the divergence of gene expression regulation in response to nitrogen scarcity. We used a dual approach to obtain genome-wide allele-specific profiles of chromatin accessibility, transcription factor binding, and gene expression through ATAC-seq and RNA-seq. We observed large variability in allele-specific expression and accessibility between the two genetic backgrounds, with a third of these differences specific to a deficient nitrogen environment. Furthermore, we discovered events of allelic bias in gene expression correlating with allelic bias in transcription factor binding solely under nitrogen scarcity, where the majority of these transcription factors orchestrates the Nitrogen Catabolite Repression regulatory pathway and demonstrates a cis x environment-specific response. Our approach allowed us to find cis variants modulating gene expression, chromatin accessibility and allelic differences in transcription factor binding in response to low nitrogen culture conditions.

scholarly journals Gene expression regulation and lineage evolution: the North and South tale of the hybrid polyploid Squalius alburnoides complex

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1699) ◽  
pp. 3519-3525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Pala ◽  
Manfred Schartl ◽  
Miguel Brito ◽  
Joana Malta Vacas ◽  
Maria Manuela Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Polyploid Evolution ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
The North ◽  
Specific Allele ◽  
The Impact

The evolution of hybrid polyploid vertebrates, their viability and their perpetuation over evolutionary time have always been questions of great interest. However, little is known about the impact of hybridization and polyploidization on the regulatory networks that guarantee the appropriate quantitative and qualitative gene expression programme. The Squalius alburnoides complex of hybrid fish is an attractive system to address these questions, as it includes a wide variety of diploid and polyploid forms, and intricate systems of genetic exchange. Through the study of genome-specific allele expression of seven housekeeping and tissue-specific genes, we found that a gene copy silencing mechanism of dosage compensation exists throughout the distribution range of the complex. Here we show that the allele-specific patterns of silencing vary within the complex, according to the geographical origin and the type of genome involved in the hybridization process. In southern populations, triploids of S. alburnoides show an overall tendency for silencing the allele from the minority genome, while northern population polyploids exhibit preferential biallelic gene expression patterns, irrespective of genomic composition. The present findings further suggest that gene copy silencing and variable expression of specific allele combinations may be important processes in vertebrate polyploid evolution.

scholarly journals Open chromatin analysis in Trypanosoma cruzi life forms highlights critical differences in genomic compartments and developmental regulation at tDNA loci

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex RJ Lima ◽  
Saloe B Poubel ◽  
Juliana N Roson ◽  
Loyze PO de Lima ◽  
Hellida M Costa-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Expression Regulation ◽  
Open Chromatin ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Posttranscriptional Control ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
The Impact

Background: Genomic organization and gene expression regulation in trypanosomes are remarkable because protein-coding genes are organized into codirectional gene clusters with unrelated functions. Moreover, there is no dedicated promoter for each gene, resulting in polycistronic gene transcription, with posttranscriptional control playing a major role. Nonetheless, these parasites harbor epigenetic modifications at critical regulatory genome features that dynamically change among parasite stages, which are not fully understood. Results: Here, we investigated the impact of chromatin changes in a scenario commanded by posttranscriptional control exploring the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and its differentiation program using genome-wide approaches supported by transmission electron microscopy. The integration of FAIRE and MNase-seq data, two complementary epigenomic approaches, enabled us to identify differences in T. cruzi genome compartments, putative transcriptional start regions and virulence factors. In addition, we also detected developmental chromatin regulation at tRNA loci (tDNA), which seems to be linked to the translation regulatory mechanism required for parasite differentiation. Strikingly, a positive correlation was observed between active chromatin and steady-state transcription levels. Conclusion: Taken together, our results indicate that chromatin changes reflect the unusual gene expression regulation of trypanosomes and the differences among parasite developmental stages, even in the context of a lack of canonical transcriptional control of protein-coding genes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Gene Expression Regulation on Evolution of Extracellular Signaling Pathways

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2666-2677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varodom Charoensawan ◽  
Boris Adryan ◽  
Stephen Martin ◽  
Christian Söllner ◽  
Bernard Thisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Expression Regulation ◽  
Extracellular Signaling ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Open Chromatin Analysis in Trypanosoma Cruzi Life Forms Highlights Critical Differences in Genomic Compartments and Developmental Regulation at tDNA Loci

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex RJ Lima ◽  
Saloe B Poubel ◽  
Juliana N Rosón ◽  
Loyze PO de Lima ◽  
Hellida M Costa-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Expression Regulation ◽  
Open Chromatin ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Posttranscriptional Control ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Genomic organization and gene expression regulation in trypanosomes are remarkable because protein-coding genes are organized into codirectional gene clusters with unrelated functions. Moreover, there is no dedicated promoter for each gene, resulting in polycistronic gene transcription, with posttranscriptional control playing a major role. Nonetheless, these parasites harbor epigenetic modifications at critical regulatory genome features that dynamically change among parasite stages, which are not fully understood. Results: Here, we investigated the impact of chromatin changes in a scenario commanded by posttranscriptional control exploring the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and its differentiation program using genome-wide approaches supported by transmission electron microscopy. The integration of FAIRE and MNase-seq data, two complementary epigenomic approaches, enabled us to identify differences in T. cruzi genome compartments, putative transcriptional start regions and virulence factors. In addition, we also detected developmental chromatin regulation at tRNA loci (tDNA), which seems to be linked to the translation regulatory mechanism required for parasite differentiation. Strikingly, a positive correlation was observed between active chromatin and steady-state transcription levels. Conclusion: Taken together, our results indicate that chromatin changes reflect the unusual gene expression regulation of trypanosomes and the differences among parasite developmental stages, even in the context of a lack of canonical transcriptional control of protein-coding genes.

scholarly journals Pre-treatment clinical and gene expression patterns predict developmental change in early intervention in autism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. Lombardo ◽  
Elena Maria Busuoli ◽  
Laura Schreibman ◽  
Aubyn C. Stahmer ◽  
Tiziano Pramparo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Time In Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Blood Leukocyte ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEarly detection and intervention are believed to be key to facilitating better outcomes in children with autism, yet the impact of age at treatment start on the outcome is poorly understood. While clinical traits such as language ability have been shown to predict treatment outcome, whether or not and how information at the genomic level can predict treatment outcome is unknown. Leveraging a cohort of toddlers with autism who all received the same standardized intervention at a very young age and provided a blood sample, here we find that very early treatment engagement (i.e., <24 months) leads to greater gains while controlling for time in treatment. Pre-treatment clinical behavioral measures predict 21% of the variance in the rate of skill growth during early intervention. Pre-treatment blood leukocyte gene expression patterns also predict the rate of skill growth, accounting for 13% of the variance in treatment slopes. Results indicated that 295 genes can be prioritized as driving this effect. These treatment-relevant genes highly interact at the protein level, are enriched for differentially histone acetylated genes in autism postmortem cortical tissue, and are normatively highly expressed in a variety of subcortical and cortical areas important for social communication and language development. This work suggests that pre-treatment biological and clinical behavioral characteristics are important for predicting developmental change in the context of early intervention and that individualized pre-treatment biology related to histone acetylation may be key.

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