scholarly journals Experimental Determination of Excitation Function Curves through the Measurement of Thick Target Yields in Liquid Targets: The Examples of the 68Zn(p,n)68Ga and 64Zn(p,α)61Cu Nuclear Reactions

Instruments ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Sergio J. C. do Carmo ◽  
Francisco Alves
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Excitation Function ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Thick Target ◽  
Yield Curves ◽  
Thick Target Yield ◽  
Target Yield ◽  
Working Principle

The present work describes a method to determine excitation function curves and, therefore, cross-sections, making use of the irradiation of liquid targets at distinct energies in a biomedical cyclotron. The method relies on the derivative of experimentally measured thick target yield curves to determine the corresponding excitation function curves. The technique is presented as a valid and practical alternative to the commonly used activation method combined with the stack monitor technique, whose implementation in liquid targets offers practical difficulties. The working principle is exemplified by presenting the results obtained for the clinically relevant 68Zn(p,n)68Ga and the 64Zn(p,α)61Cu nuclear reactions, obtained though the irradiation of liquid targets containing dissolved natural zinc.

scholarly journals Can We Extract Production Cross-Sections from Thick Target Yield Measurements? A Case Study Using Scandium Radioisotopes

Instruments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Sitarz ◽  
Jerzy Jastrzębski ◽  
Férid Haddad ◽  
Tomasz Matulewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Szkliniarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Thick Target ◽  
Cross Section Data ◽  
Thick Target Yield ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Target Yield ◽  
Data Points

In this work, we present an attempt to estimate the reaction excitation function based on the measurements of thick target yield. We fit a function to experimental data points and then use three fitting parameters to calculate the cross-section. We applied our approach to 43Ca(p,n)43Sc, 44Ca(p,n)44gSc, 44Ca(p,n)44mSc, 48Ca(p,2n)47Sc and 48Ca(p,n)48Sc reactions. A general agreement was observed between the reconstructions and the available cross-section data. The algorithm described here can be used to roughly estimate cross-section values, but it requires improvements.

Excitation function and thick target yield of the 40Ar(α,p)43K reaction: Production of 43K

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1413-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fenyvesi ◽  
F. Tárkányi ◽  
F. Szelecsényi ◽  
S. Takács ◽  
Z. Szz&̋ucs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excitation Function ◽  
Thick Target ◽  
Thick Target Yield ◽  
Target Yield

scholarly journals Cross section and reaction rate of determined from thick target yield measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 922 ◽  
pp. 112-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gy. Gyürky ◽  
M. Vakulenko ◽  
Zs. Fülöp ◽  
Z. Halász ◽  
G.G. Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Thick Target ◽  
Thick Target Yield ◽  
Target Yield

scholarly journals Production Cross-Section Measurements for Terbium Radionuclides of Medical Interest Produced in Tantalum Targets Irradiated by 0.3 to 1.7 GeV Protons and Corresponding Thick Target Yield Calculations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Duchemin ◽  
Thomas E. Cocolios ◽  
Kristof Dockx ◽  
Gregory J. Farooq-Smith ◽  
Olaf Felden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Thick Target ◽  
Mass Separation ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Spallation Reactions ◽  
Target Yield ◽  
Target Production ◽  
Γ Spectrometry ◽  
Medical Interest

This work presents the production cross-sections of Ce, Tb and Dy radionuclides produced by 300 MeV to 1.7 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions in thin tantalum targets as well as the related Thick Target production Yield (TTY) values and ratios. The motivation is to optimise the production of terbium radionuclides for medical applications and to find out at which energy the purity of the collection by mass separation would be highest. For that purpose, activation experiments were performed using the COSY synchrotron at FZ Jülich utilising the stacked-foils technique and γ spectrometry with high-purity germanium detectors. The Al-27(p,x)Na-24 reaction has been used as monitor reaction. All experimental data have been systematically compared with the existing literature.

scholarly journals Study of the 232Th(n,f) Cross section at NCSR ‘Demokritos’ using Micromegas Detectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Sotirios Chasapoglou ◽  
A. Tsantiri ◽  
A. Kalamara ◽  
M. Kokkoris ◽  
V. Michalopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Tandem Accelerator ◽  
Line Detector ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems ◽  
The Masses

The accurate knowledge of neutron-induced fission cross sections in actinides, is of great importance when it comes to the design of fast nuclear reactors, as well as accelerator driven systems. Specifically for the 232Th(n,f) case, the existing experimental datasets are quite discrepant in both the low and high energy MeV regions, thus leading to poor evaluations, a fact that in turn implies the need for more accurate measurements.In the present work, the total cross section of the 232Th(n,f) reaction has been measured relative to the 235U(n,f) and 238U(n,f) ones, at incident energies of 7.2, 8.4, 9.9 MeV and 14.8, 16.5, 17.8 MeV utilizing the 2H(d,n) and 3H(d,n) reactions respectively, which generally yield quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams. The experiments were performed at the 5.5 MV Tandem accelerator laboratory of N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, using a Micromegas detector assembly and an ultra thin ThO2 target, especially prepared for fission measurements at n_ToF, CERN during its first phase of operations, using the painting technique. The masses of all actinide samples were determined via α-spectroscopy. The produced fission yields along with the results obtained from activation foils were studied in parallel, using both the NeusDesc [1] and MCNP5 [2] codes, taking into consideration competing nuclear reactions (e.g. deuteron break up), along with neutron elastic and inelastic scattering with the beam line, detector housing and experimental hall materials. Since the 232Th(n,f) reaction has a relatively low energy threshold and can thus be affected by parasitic neutrons originating from a variety of sources, the thorough characterization of the neutron flux impinging on the targets is a prerequisite for accurate cross-section measurements, especially in the absence of time-of-flight capabilities. Additional Monte-Carlo simulations were also performed coupling both GEF [3] and FLUKA [4] codes for the determination of the detection efficiency.

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