scholarly journals Temporal Course of Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5677
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Almesned ◽  
Femke M. Prins ◽  
Erik Lipšic ◽  
Margery A. Connelly ◽  
Erwin Garcia ◽  
...  

The gut metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) at admission has a prognostic value in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. However, its sequential changes and relationship with long-term infarct-related outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain elusive. We delineated the temporal course of TMAO and its relationship with infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) post-PCI, adjusting for the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We measured TMAO levels at admission, 24 h and 4 months post-PCI in 379 STEMI patients. Infarct size and LVEF were determined by cardiac magnetic resonance 4 months after PCI. TMAO levels decreased from admission (4.13 ± 4.37 μM) to 24 h (3.41 ± 5.84 μM, p = 0.001) and increased from 24 h to 4 months (3.70 ± 3.86 μM, p = 0.026). Higher TMAO values at 24 h were correlated to smaller infarct sizes (rho = −0.16, p = 0.024). Larger declines between admission and 4 months suggestively correlated with smaller infarct size, and larger TMAO increases between 24 h and 4 months were associated with larger infarct size (rho = −0.19, p = 0.008 and rho = −0.18, p = 0.019, respectively). Upon eGFR stratification using 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 as a cut-off, significant associations between TMAO and infarct size were only noted in subjects with impaired renal function. In conclusion, TMAO levels in post-PCI STEMI patients are prone to fluctuations, and these fluctuations could be prognostic for infarct size, particularly in patients with impaired renal function.

Open Heart ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e000810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo M van Dongen ◽  
Joëlle Elias ◽  
K Gert van Houwelingen ◽  
Pierfrancesco Agostoni ◽  
Bimmer E P M Claessen ◽  
...  

ObjectiveThe impact on cardiac function of collaterals towards a concomitant chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has not been investigated yet. Therefore, we have evaluated the impact of well-developed collaterals compared with poorly developed collaterals to a concomitant CTO in STEMI.Methods and resultsIn the EXPLORE trial, patients with STEMI and a concomitant CTO were randomised to either CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or no-CTO PCI. Collateral grades were scored angiographically using the Rentrop grade classification. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) at 4 months were measured using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Well-developed collaterals (Rentrop grades 2–3) to the CTO were present in 162 (54%) patients; these patients had a significantly higher LVEF at 4 months (46.2±11.4% vs 42.1±12.7%, p=0.004) as well as a trend for a lower LVEDV (208.2±55.7 mL vs 222.6±68.5 mL, p=0.054) when compared with patients with poorly developed collaterals to the CTO. There was no significant difference in the total amount of scar in the two groups. Event rates were statistically comparable between patients with well-developed collaterals and poorly developed collaterals to the CTO at long-term follow-up.ConclusionsIn patients with STEMI and a concomitant CTO, the presence of well-developed collaterals to a concomitant CTO is associated with a better LVEF at 4 months. However, this effect on LVEF did not translate into improvement in clinical outcome. Therefore, the presence of well-developed collaterals is important, but should not solely guide in the clinical decision-making process regarding any additional revascularisation of a concomitant CTO in patients with STEMI.Clinical trial registrationNTR1108.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Reindl ◽  
Ingo Eitel ◽  
Sebastian Johannes Reinstadler

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging allows comprehensive assessment of myocardial function and tissue characterization in a single examination after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Markers of myocardial infarct severity determined by CMR imaging, especially infarct size and microvascular obstruction, strongly predict recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality. The prognostic information provided by a comprehensive CMR analysis is incremental to conventional risk factors including left ventricular ejection fraction. As such, CMR parameters of myocardial tissue damage are increasingly recognized for optimized risk stratification to further ameliorate the burden of recurrent cardiovascular events in this population. In this review, we provide an overview of the current impact of CMR imaging on optimized risk assessment soon after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.


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